Amandla Kagesi Avela Emagagasini
Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eCanada
AMANDLA! Umphakathi wanamuhla uwanxanele ngendlela enganeliseki kalula. Futhi kusukela ekuvalweni kokuthengiswa kukawoyela kwamanye amazwe ngo-1973, okwaphumela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwentengo kawoyela, ososayensi baye bahlola ezinye izindlela zokumbiwa phansi kukawoyela. Impi yamuva yasePersian Gulf yabonisa indlela izi-zwe ezakubheka ngokungathi sína ngayo ukuphazanyiswa okungenzeka kukawoyela ovela eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Izindlela zokuhlola ezake zahlongozwa kodwa zayekwa ezikhathini ezazingenzima kakhulu manje sezihlolwa kabusha. Ngokwesibonelo, kuthiwani ngamagagasi amakhulu olwandlekazi? Ingabe angase-tshenziswa ngokunenzuzo uku-ba aphehle ugesi?
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule onjiniyela baseCanada baqala ukuqaphela amagagasi aphawulekayo aseBay of Fundy. Lelitheku liphakathi kwezifunda ezimbili ezisogwini loLwandlekazi iAtlantic, okuyiNova Scotia neNew Brunswick, futhi lidume ngamagagasi alo—amanye amagagasi amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, aphakama ngamamitha angu-16. Izindawo zokuphehla ugesi wamagagasi kakade zase zisebenza eFrance naseSoviet Union, ngakho kungani zazingenakusebenza eCanada?
Kwahlongozwa isakhiwo esikhulu esasizophehla amamegawatt angu-4 800—amahorsepower ayizigidi ezingu-6,5—amandla kagesi. (Uma kuqhathaniswa, sisonke isakhiwo senuzi eNew Brunswick eseduze siphehla amamegawatt angu-600 kuphela.) Nokho, izindleko zesakhiwo esinjalo esiphehla ugesi wamagagasi, zazizoba zinkulu kakhulu—ngo-1981 zazilinganiselwa kuR12 500 000 000!
Isakhiwo Sikagesi Sokuhlola
Okokuqala, uhulumeni ngokuhlakanipha waxhasa ngezimali ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo sikagesi sokuhlola ukuze kuhlolwe umklamo waso nokufaneleka kwaso. Isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi iAnnapolis Tidal Power Project, sakhiwe edamini ngaphesheya koMfula iAnnapolis, ogelezela kuyiAnnapolis Basin, isikhisi somfula onamagagasi ogelezela kuyiBay of Fundy, eduze nedolobha iAnnapolis Royal, eNova Scotia. Ngemva kokuba siqedwe ukwakhiwa ngezindleko ezingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-154, lesisakhiwo saqala ukuphehla ugesi ngo-1984.
Onyakeni wamuva abantu abangaphezu kuka-40 000 bavakashela isiza seAnnapolis Tidal Power Project, abanye babo besuka kude njengaseSiberia naseShayina. Nokho, uma uqala ukusibona, lesakhiwo singase sibonakale sidumaza ngenxa yokuthi okubonayo nje inqolobane enezitezi ezimbili eyakhiwe ngokhonkolo endaweni ephakeme emfushane—ubufakazi obuncane bokuthi lesi isakhiwo sokuqala saseNyakatho Melika sokuphehla ugesi wamagagasi.
Uma uqhubeka, awuboni iqembu elikhulu lezisebenzi ezingonjiniyela limatasa lapho. Lesisakhiwo sisebenza ngamacomputer asendaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-100 nadinga ukunakekelwa abantu abambalwa kuphela abasebenzayo. Nokho lesiteshi siphehla ugesi othi mawube amakilowatt-hour ayizigidi ezingu-30 ngonyaka—owanele ukusetshenziswa emakhaya angu-8 000. Ikwenza kanjani?
Indlela Esebenza Ngayo
Ngaphansi kwendawo engamamitha angu-30 embiwe kukhona imfihlo yokuphumelela kwalesakhiwo—injini edunyiswa amanzi. Indlela esebenza ngayo ilula ngendlela emangalisayo. Lenjini ifakwe esiqhingini esincane esixhunywe ogwini ohlangothini ngalunye ngendawo ethé ukuphakama efana nedamu. Njengoba amagagasi aseFundy ephakama, amanzi ageleza esuka eAnnapolis Basin ngamasango asedamini angene echibini elikhulu eligcina amanzi elisohlangothini lwedamu olungenhla komfula. Lapho igagasi selifike ekugcineni phezulu, wonke amasango ayavaleka.
Njengoba igagasi lehlela ohlangothini lwedamu olwehlisela amanzi phansi (ngamamitha angu-4,6), amasango ayavuleka, futhi ichibi eligcina amanzi lithululele amanzi emuva eAnnapolis Basin ngosizo lwenjini. Umfutho wamanzi agelezayo ujikelezisa injini futhi ngaleyondlela uphehle ugesi. Njengoba lesisakhiwo sisebenza lapho amanzi ephuma, siphehla ugesi amahora athi mawabe ngu-11 noma 12 kuphela ngosuku.
Ukuze kubhekanwe nalezizimo, kwakhiwa injini yokuhlola, engamamitha angu-7,6 ububanzi. Amapole anozibuthe alenjini, okuyiwo aveza ugesi lapho injini iphenduka, axhunywe esondweni lenjini futhi aphenduka nalo. (Izinjini zikagesi ngokuvamile ziphendula insimbi ewumphini enyakazisa injini.) Umphumela uba yinjini ehlangene kakhudlwana esebenza ngokuphumelelayo lapho umfutho wamanzi umncane ngokuqhathaniswa.
Ingabe usawoti osemanzini awuzibangeli izinkinga kulomshini? Umphumela kasawoti wokukhumuza uye waba inkinga enkulu, kodwa onjiniyela baye babhekana nayo ngokufaka amandla amancane kakhulu kagesi endaweni okudlula kuyo amanzi ukuze aphazamise ukukhumuzeka.
Ikusasa Likagesi Wamagagasi
Uma kungenzeka ukuba isakhiwo esikhudlwana sokuphehla ugesi wamagagasi esihlelelwe ukwakhiwa eBay of Fundy siphumelele, siyodinga izinjini ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezilingana neseAnnapolis ngobukhulu. Lezi ziyobekwa endaweni ephakeme engamakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ubude ukuwelela engxenyeni engaphesheya yetheku.
Nokho, ukwenza ingxenye yeBay of Fundy ibe idamu lamandla kagesi kungabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína. Ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa, izindleko ezinkulu zokwakha ziyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokukhathazeka ngokonakaliswa kwendawo ezungezile. Izinguquko zamagagasi aseFundy ezingenzeka ngamasentimitha amaningana zingaphumela ekukhukhulweni amanzi kasawoti kwezindawo ezinkulu ezingasogwini. Indlela engokwemvelo yokuthuthuka kwezinhlanzi nayo ingashintsha, ngaleyondlela ivale ukubuyela koquqaba lwezinhlanzi emanzini agelezayo.
Nakuba kunjalo, isakhiwo sokuphehla ugesi wamagagasi sokuqala saseNyakatho Melika, isakhiwo sokuhlola eAnnapolis, siyaqhubeka siphehla amandla enxanxathela kagesi empumalanga Canada. Nokho, lokho kuyiconsana nje emzamweni wokuqeda ukomela okukhulu kwesizwe amandla kagesi.
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Ichibi lokugcina amanzi
Isiteshi sikagesi wamagagasi sivumela ukuba amanzi aphindele emuva njengamaconsi egagasi lasolwa-ndlekazini
Amasango aqondisayo ayavuleka ukuze angenise igagasi futhi avaleke ukuze agcine ichibi eligcina amanzi ligcwele
IBay of Fundy
[Umthombo]
Courtesy of Nova Scotia Power Corporation