Isikhathi Esidlule SeMexico Sithinta Inkolo Yayo Namuhla
Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eMexico
UKUVAKASHELA eMnyuziyamu Wesizwe Wendabuko Yabantu enkulu yaseDolobheni laseMexico kwembula indlela inkolo yobuKatolika eqhutshwa abaningi eMexico namuhla eye yathintwa ngayo izinkolo zezizwana zamakhulu eminyaka adlule.
Abafundi bezomlando bajwayelene nendlela uHernán Cortés nabanqobi ayekanye nabo angenisa ngayo ubuKatolika eMexico ngawo-1500. Ngalesosikhathi, zase zikhona kakade izimpucuko ezizinzile ezazinezinkolelo zazo ezingokwenkolo, njengoba imibukiso eMnyuziyamu Wesizwe yembula ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu.
UMexi wayewunkulunkulu wokuqala wesizwana samaMexica, ngakho kulula ukubona lapho izwe nenhloko-dolobha yalo, iDolobha laseMexico, okwathola khona amagama ako. LamaNdiya okuqala athola iDolobha laseMexico cishe ngo-1325 esiqhingini esiwugwadule maphakathi neChibi iTexcoco. Izizwana ezihlukahlukene zamaNdiya zakha umphakathi wokuqala. KwakunamaOlmec, amaChichimec, ama-Aztec, amaMaya, nezinye. Isizwana ngasinye sasinemisebenzi yaso siqu yobungcweti, futhi izincithakalo zezinye zezakhiwo zazo zokuqala, amathempeli, namadolobha kusekhona.
Ukuxubana Ngokwenkolo
Izivakashi zalomnyuziyamu, owakhiwe eChapultepec Park enhle, ngokuvamile ziyamangala lapho zizwa ngezinga izinkolelo zasendulo nezanamuhla zabantu baseMexico ezixubene ngalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi bahlabeka umxhwele ngokufana kwezinkolelo zokuqala zezizwana nalezo ezangeniswa abanqobi abangamaKatolika.
Ehholo lama-Aztec, ama-balazwe ahlukahlukene abonisa ukutholakala kweMexico. Ngokwemibukiso kusobala ukuthi ama-Aztec ayeyithanda kakhulu inkolo. Lapha kungabonakala imifanekiso eminingi eqoshiwe yonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi ababekhulekelwa ama-Aztec. Omunye umfanekiso omkhulu oqoshiwe, oboniswe kulelikhasi, okankulunkulukazi uCoatlicue, owayebhekwa njengomama kokubili wonkulunkulu nowabantu. Phawula ukuthi unamakhanda amabili enyoka abhekene, esikhundleni sekhanda lomuntu. Isiketi sakhe sakhiwe ngezinyoka ezisontiwe. Kubonakala sengathi ezinye zalezifanekiselo zimelela ukuphila nokufa.
Lapho kufika abanqobi, amaNdiya amaningi abalekela ezindaweni ezimangelengele noma emahlathini. Ngokuzehlukanisa ngaleyondlela, amanye amaqembu amaNdiya aye agcina eminingi yemiqondo yawo yasendulo engokwenkolo kuze kube ngisho nanamuhla. “Ngokwesibonelo,” omunye umqondisi wasemnyuziyamu wachaza, “amaHuichol akholelwa ukuthi ilanga, inyamazane, nommbila kwakha umthath’ emunye, okufana nemfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu wamaKatolika.” Wanezela: “Ngisho namanje amaNdiya aseChiapas State akhulekela onkulunkulu basendulo bangaphambi kwenkathi yeSpain, njengonkulunkulu wemvula, unkulunkulu womhlaba, nonkulunkulu womoya, futhi anomkhosi ohlukile walowo nalowo wabo.”
ngase uzibuze ukuthi kungani abaningi eMexico namuhla bethi bangamaKristu lapho beqhuba futhi ezinye izinhlobo zokukhulekela. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, umbhalo oqoshwe odongeni othi “Ukwethulwa Komlando Wezimpucuko Zabantu” uyaphawula: “Inkolo ithonya isici ngasinye sokuphila kwamaNdiya. . . . Isici esibaluleke kakhulu senkolo yomNdiya siwukuxutshaniswa kwemikhuba yamaKatolika neyobuqaba, izinsalela zezinkolelo zangaphambi kwenkathi yeSpain nezindlela zokukhulekela. AmaHuichol, amaLacandon, namaOtomi yiwo asalondoloze izici eziningi kakhulu zangaphambi kwenkathi yeSpain enkolweni yawo; [amaHuichol] akhulekela onkulunkulu abamelela ilanga, amanzi, nomlilo, futhi abagcina emihumeni. AmaLacandon asakhulekela izithixo zasendulo ezitholakala emathempelini amaMaya.” Yebo, ukuxutshaniswa kobuKatolika nezinkolo zobuqaba zasendulo kuvamile eMexico.
Lokhu kuboniswa ngokwengeziwe imibukiso esehholo eliseNyakatho-mpumalanga. Lena ikhuluma ngezinkolelo zamaYaqui, amaSeri, namaTarahumara. Umbhalo oqoshiwe kulelihholo ufundeka kanje: “Njengamanje, amaYaqui angabantu abayithanda kakhulu inkolo, futhi imiqondo yawo ingeyobuKristu ngisho nakuba isishintshiwe futhi yalungiswa. Akholelwa ukuthi uKristu wayeyiYaqui eyeza emhlabeni ukuba iwasindise kuzamcolo, iwanike indawo yawo, isungule amadolobha awo ayisishiyagalombili, futhi iwanike amaComunila (iqembu leziphathimandla). . . . Awakuvumeli ukuguqulelwa enkolweni yobuProthestani, futhi awakuvumeli ukuba khona kompristi wamaKatolika.”
Nokho, njengoba lombhalo oqoshiwe uqhubeka: “Kanye nezinkolelo eziyinkimbinkimbi nemikhosi yemilingo nezinsalela zenkolo yangaphambi kwenkathi yeSpain, amukela futhi inkolo yobuKatolika. Akholelwa kunkulunkulu ongumKristu futhi ngokuvamile athi uyilanga.”
Lokho izivakashi ezikubonayo engxenyeni yamaTarahumara kuqinisekisa ngokwengeziwe ukuxutshaniswa kwezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo zasendulo nezanamuhla. Kungabonakala ifasitela elincane elineziphambano zokhuni; umbhalo oqoshwe ngaphansi kwalo uthi: “Inkolo yamaTarahumara iwumkhiqizo wokuxutshaniswa kwezinkolelo zobuKristu nezobuqaba. EzobuKristu zangeniswa ekhulwini le-17 leminyaka abavangeli bakaSt. Francis. Akholelwa kuTata Rioshi (uNkulunkulu uBaba), kuKristu Jesu, kuEveruame (uMama Omkhulu, noma iNcasakazi uMariya), kanye nakwabanye osanta abangosanta abangabaholi bamadolobhana athile. Bonke babhekwa njengonkulunkulu. Isiphambano sibaluleke ngokukhethekile ngoba basihlanganisa nelanga nenyanga nokukhulekela ukuvunda komhlabathi.”
Engxenyeni yamaSeri, omunye umbhalo oqoshiwe uyachaza: “Inkolo amaSeri ayiqhubayo iwukuxutshaniswa kwezinkolelo zasendulo namathonya obuKristu.”
Kuningi okungabonakala okuqokomisa izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo zezakhamuzi zokuqala ezingamaNdiya. Ngokwesibonelo, ehholo eliseMesoamerica kunemifanekiso emihle emelela izimpucuko eziyisihlanu ezivela ezindaweni zabasePacific, zabaseGulf Coast, zamaMaya, zama-Altiplano, nezamaMixtec. Izakhamuzi ziboniswa zikhulekela ummbila, ingwe, inyoka, nokhozi—konke okuye kwabhekwa njengonkulunkulu.
Ngemva kokuvakashela eMnyuziyamu Wesizwe Wendabuko Yabantu, umuntu uhlatshwa umxhwele izinga imicikilisho nezinkolelo zasendulo zezakhamuzi zezwe zokuqala ezingamaNdiya ezaxutshaniswa ngalo nalezo zabanqobi abangamaKatolika. Njengoba imibukiso yembula, ngisho nanamuhla abaningi eMexico ziyabathinta izinkolo zezizwana zamakhulu eminyaka angaphambili.