Ukubuka Okwezwe
Abantwana Bosizi
Ngokusho kukamagazini wesiDashi i-Internationale Samenwerking, umbiko wamuva weUNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) uveza umfanekiso odabukisayo wembulunga yonke wezigidi zabantwana abangenamakhaya, abalimele, nabalambayo abashiywe dengwane ngumkhaya nomphakathi. I-Internationale Samenwerking iphawula ukuthi naphezu kwesivumelwano seUN sango-1989 esinohlu lwamalungelo abantwana, abantwana abangenamakhaya abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-30 manje behla benyuka emigwaqeni yomhlaba wonke. Abantwana abacishe babe izigidi eziyisikhombisa bazalwa futhi bakhulele ezinkanjini zababaleki ezisemhlabeni wonke. Futhi eminyakeni yamuva, abantwana abangu-200 000 abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 ubudala baye benziwa amasosha futhi kwezinye izimo baye ngisho basebenza njengamatilosi emikhumbi edonsa amabhomu acushiwe ukuze avulele amabutho indlela ephephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nsuku zonke abantwana abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-80, abaneminyaka esukela kwengu-10 kuya kwengu-14, baphoqelelwa ukuba basebenze imisebenzi enzima, engenampilo, neholela imali encane.
“Isimemezelo Sokuthula” SaseHiroshima
“Ngenxa yokuthi silukhumbula kahle usizi lwalempi, olwaqala ngokuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbor futhi lwaphela ngokuqhunyiswa ngamabhomu kweHiroshima neNagasaki, sizimisele kabusha ukusebenzela ukuthula komhlaba,” kwasho uMphathi-dolobha uTakashi Hiraoka waseHiroshima ngoAugust 6, 1991, phakathi nezinkonzo eziphawula ukugujwa konyaka wama-46 wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eathomu. NgokweMainichi Daily News, “Esimemezelweni Sokuthula” asenza wathi: “IJapane yabangela abantu baseAsia nasePacific ukuhlupheka okukhulu nokuphelelwa ithemba phakathi nokubusa kwayo ngokubusa amakoloni nempi. Akukho zaba zokuvuna lezizenzo.”
Utshwala Nesifo Senhliziyo
Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinealkhoholi ngokulinganisela kunciphisa ingozi yokungenwa isifo senhliziyo, kusho izazi zesayensi eHarvard School of Public Health, njengoba kubikwe kuyiphephabhuku iLancet. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ialkhoholi inyusa izinga lezinhlobo ezimbili zeHDL (high-density lipoprotein) emgudwini wegazi, ezibizwa ngokuthi icholesterol enhle. IHDL ibonakala ikhuculula izinsalela zamafutha ezivala imithanjana yegazi, ngaleyondlela inciphise isifo senhliziyo. Ialkhoholi futhi ingase ivimbele ukuba igazi lingabi amahlule ngokunciphisa amazinga eLDL (low-density lipoprotein) egazini. Amazinga aphakeme eLDL ayisici esiyinhloko esibangela isifo senhliziyo. Nokho, esimweni lapho umuntu esebenzisa iziphuzo ezinealkhoholi, kuhle ukuba asebenzise ‘iwayini elincane kuphela ngenxa yesisu sakhe.’—1 Thimothewu 5:23.
Odokotela Babantwana Bazolapha Ukusetshenziswa Kabi KweTV
“Kubalulekile ukuba odokotela babantwana babenendima yenkuthalo ngokwengeziwe ezindabeni zethelevishini,” kutusa umagazini iPediatrics, unezela ngokuthi “kumelwe bafundise abazali ngemiphumela elimazayo yobudlova bethelevishini nokunye okukuyo okungabafanele abantwana.” Ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwaseCanada kwemikhuba yokubuka ithelevishini yemikhaya engu-311 kwambula ukuthi yonke okungenani yayinethelevishini eyodwa. Emakhaya angamaphesenti angu-16, yayishiywa ikhala usuku lonke. Abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi “abantwana abaningi babuka ithelevishini ngaphandle kwemingcele abayibekelwe abazali babo futhi bazibonela ngawabo izigcawu ezinobudlova ebudaleni bokuthonyeka kalula nokuba isisulu.” Odokotela babantwana bakhuthazwa ukuba baxwayise abazali ngezingozi zokusetshenziswa kabi kwethelevishini.
Abefundisi Nobufebe
Abefundisi ababili abavelele baseAustralia muva nje batusa umbono oyekelela ubufebe kakhudlwana. Omunye, umbhishobhi wesonto laseSheshi, wathi kumelwe buvunyelwe ngokomthetho, nakuba anezela ngokuthi wayengabuvumeli ubufebe ngokwabo. Nakuba kunjalo, wayenomuzwa wokuthi ukuvunyelwa kwabo ngokomthetho kwakuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukwanda kwezifo nokuvikela “izisebenzi zobulili.” Nokho, omunye umfundisi, wathi wayekholelwa ukuthi izifebe zifeza “indima eqonde kakhulu” ekuhlelekeni komphakathi. Umagazini iCanberra Times wamcaphuna ethi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi [izifebe] zilungiselela indawo yenduduzo, indawo yesilinganiso esithile sokwelulekwa nokwelashwa kwamadoda amaningi akuphila kwawo bekuyoba nzima kakhulu ngaphandle kwakho. Ngandlela-thile kunengqondo ukuqaphela lokho. Ngikholelwa ukuthi uKristu wayekuqaphela lokho.” Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi uyakholelwa yini ukuthi umKristu kumelwe abe isifebe, yena lowomfundisi waphendula: “Yebo ngiyakholelwa. Anginankinga ngalokho. Kuyoba nabantu abavuthwe kakhulu abangase babheke indima yabo yokuba izifebe njengakho kanye ukufezwa komuzwa wokuthunywa kwabo ekuphileni, okuwukududuza nokweluleka.” Nokho, iBhayibheli lichaza isifebe ngokuthi “umgodi oshonayo” lowo ‘ozingela umphefumulo woyigugu.’—IzAga 6:26; 23:27; bheka nesAmbulo 22:15.
Ukwehluleka KukaHulumeni
Embikweni okhishwe muva nje, iUN Development Program yalahla ukwehluleka kohulumeni ukulwa nobumpofu. Icaphuna lombiko, iMonde yaseFrance ephuma nsuku zonke ichaza ukuthi kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka, “izindleko zezikhali ziphindwa okungenani kabili kunalezo zezempilo nezemfundo.” Yaphawula ukuthi “izindleko zezempi ziye zenyuka ngokuphindwe kathathu emazweni asathuthuka okuwukwenyuka okungaphezu kokwamazwe athuthukile.” Lombiko uthi “imali eyachithwa ngezinsuku ezintathu eMpini yaseGulf yayiyokwanela ukugoma ingane ngayinye emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo ngokumelene nezifo ezisabela kahle ekugonyweni.”
Ukugwema Ukumpintshana Kwezimoto Emgwaqweni
IMinistry of Traffic eNetherlands muva nje izame indlela ehlukile yokubhekana nenkinga yokuminyana kwezimoto ngesikhathi sokuphuthuma, kubika iphephandaba lansuku zonke laseJalimane iSüddeutsche Zeitung. Isikhathi sokuzama lendlela esingunyaka owodwa, izisebenzi ezingu-31 zakulomnyango zavunyelwa ukuba zihlale emakhaya futhi zisebenzele khona, zisebenzisa amacomputer nemishini yefax. Umxhumanisi walesi sinyathelo uthi lokhu kuhlola kwaphumelela. Ababa nengxenye bachitha isikhathi esincane ngamaphesenti angu-25 ezimotweni zabo futhi babekhiqiza kakhulu. Lendlela futhi yayonga nemali. Manje iMinistry of Traffic ikhuthaza ezinye izinhlangano ukuba ziyizame lendlela, kwezinye izindawo eyaziwa ngokuthi itelecommuting (ukuhamba ngocingo).
Ukwanda Okungalawuleki KweziNyamazane
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inani lezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe eUnited States liye lafinyelela inani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-25. Kwezinye izifunda inani liye laphindeka kathathu. INew York Times Magazine ibika ukuthi “izingozi ezenzeka emigwaqweni emikhulu ezihilela lezinyamazane ziphumela ekulimaleni okungathi sína kwabantu, kanye nezigidi [zamarandi] zokulimala kwezimoto namaloli.” Ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni sasePennsylvania, minyaka yonke kufa izinyamazane ezingaphezu kuka-40 000 ekushayisaneni nezimoto emigwaqweni emikhulu. Kuye kwaba nezimo eziningana zokushayisana kwezindiza nezinyamazane ezinomsila omhlophe lapho izindiza zintweza emgwaqweni wazo wasesikhumulweni iDulles International Airport yaseWashington. “Okwenza kube nokukhathazeka okukhulu ukuba nokwenzeka kokuhlobana phakathi kwamanani andayo ezinyamazane nesifo iLyme, okuyisifo esithathelwanayo esanda ngokushesha kakhulu ezweni esilandela ingculaza,” kunezela iNew York Times Magazine.
Ukudla Ngesikhathi Kukhala Umculo
Abacwaningi bahlola ithonya imvunge yomculo enalo emikhubeni yokudla. Kokunye ukuhlola, babala imithamo yokudla eyadliwa abantu ngezikhathi zokudla lapho belalele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomculo. ITufts University Diet & Nutrition Letter ibika ukuthi lapho kwakungekho mvunge yomculo odlalayo, abantu “babedla isilinganiso semithamo engu-3,9 ngomzuzu,” ingxenye yesithathu yabo icela okunye ukudla ngemva kokugeza amapuleti ayo. Lapho kudlalwa “izingoma ezinomdlandla,” abadlayo “babesheshisa imithamo eyizilinganiso ezingu-5,1 ngomzuzu.” Umbiko wenezela ukuthi “ngakolunye uhlangothi, umculo othuthuzelayo wezinsimbi, wawehlisa isivinini ngemithamo engu-3,2 ngomzuzu—futhi imithamo yayiba mincane.” Esimweni samuva, akekho owayecela okunye ukudla. Eqinisweni, abaningi babeshiya ukudla emapuletini abo, bezizwa besuthi, futhi babethi ukudla kwakunambitheka kamnandi. Kubikwa ukuthi, futhi “baba nezinkinga ezimbalwa zokugayeka kokudla.”
Ukukhishwa Kwezisu Okwengeziwe
Inani labesifazane abasebudaleni bokuzala abantwana abakhipha izisu ngokusemthethweni emhlabeni wonke liyashintshashintsha lisuka kwabesifazane abahlanu kubo bonke abesifazane abangu-1 000 eNetherlands liya kwabangu-112 kubo bonke abesifazane abangu-1 000 eSoviet Union. NgokweDemos, ipheshana elikhishwa iDutch Demographic Institute, amaphesenti angu-40 enani labantu abasemhlabeni manje ahlala emazweni angenamingcele engokomthetho evimbela ukukhishwa kwezisu.
Izingozi Zamabhayisikili
Intsha yaseCanada ihileleka ezingozini zamabhayisikili ezilinganiselwa ku-2 000 ngonyaka. Izingozi zasekhanda yizo ezimbi kakhulu futhi zingahilela izinkinga ezithatha isikhathi eside zokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokuma uqonde. “Ngezinye izikhathi izinguquko ziba ezesikhashana. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuntu namandla kushintsha unomphela,” kusho iToronto Star. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu iCanadian Medical Association nenkampani yamakhemikhali “ziye zaqalisa umkhankaso ozoba khona yonke iCanada wokukhuthaza abagibeli bamabhayisikili abancane ukuba bafake izigqoko zokuvikela,” kubika iStar. IMedical Association ithi ukugqoka isigqoko sokuvikela “kunciphisa ingozi yokuba umntwana alimale kakhulu ekhanda ngamaphesenti angu-85.” Nokho, iStar siphawula ukuthi amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela abantwana agqoka izigqoko lapho egibele amabhayisikili.