Ikamela LaseArabia—Isithuthi SaseAfrika Esithutha Konke

Ngumlobeli wePhaphama! eChad

EBONA ikamela okokuqala njengoba lihamba ngemilenze yalo ezacile, ikhala lalo lisemoyeni nesifumbu salo siya ngapha nangapha, umuntu uyamangala ngempela. Abanye baze babe nomuzwa wokuthi ikamela lenziwa ngezitho ezasala endalweni!

Kungani linesifumbu esiyinqaba, intamo ende, imicondo, nezinyawo ezinkulu eziyindilinga, ingasaphathwa eyalezozinkophe ezinde, ezigoqene? Nakuba lingase libukeke lesabeka, ikamela laseArabia liye laziswa kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka.

Isilwane Esasiwusizo Ngalesosikhathi . . .

Esikhathini sika-Abrahama, kubonakala sengathi ikamela laseArabia (elinesifumbu esisodwa), lase lisetshenziswa kakhulu. UAbrahama uqobo wathola amaningana ngesikhathi ehlala eGibithe. (Genesise 12:16) Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi waze ngisho wathatha uhambo lwakhe oludumile esuka eUri lamaKhaledi eya ezweni laseKhanani egibele ikamela.

UJobe wayenamakamela. Umhlambi wakhe wawungaba ngu-3 000 futhi nawo wamenza enye yamadoda anothe kakhulu lapho ayehlala khona. (Jobe 1:3) Ngakho-ke okungenani sekuyiminyaka engu-4 000 abantu eGibithe nakwezinye izindawo bewazisa amakamela.

Ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka C.E. ayesekhona kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Afrika. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abanikazi bawo baqalise indlela yokuphila yokuba imizulane oGwadule iSahara, obekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwekamela.

Ekugcineni, lemizulane benza izindlela ezidabula ogwadule futhi yaqalisa ukuthengisa ngezigqila. Yayithola izigqila eningizimu yeSahara eAfrika izisebenzise emasimini aqhelile ezazingenakukwazi ukweqa kuwo ngezinyawo.

Izindwendwe zamakamela zaziyisa usawoti ngaphesheya kogwadule ezindaweni lapho lomkhiqizo wawuyivela kancane khona futhi ngalesosizathu udingeka kakhulu. Nakuba indima yalo ekuthengiseni ngezigqila isiphelile, futhi indima yalo ekuthengiseni ngosawoti isinciphe kakhulu, ikamela laseArabia namanje lisewusizo.

. . . Namanje

Izindwendwe zamakamela zisavamile ezifundeni zaseAfrika iSahel neSahara—indlela yokuthutha engashintshile kusukela esikhathini sika-Abrahama. Izizwe zemizulane zithembele kakhulu emakameleni azo, asabalulekile ngazo zonke izici endleleni yazo yokuphila njengoba ayenjalo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ezidlule.

Njengoba beyimizulane, isidingo sabo esiphambili izinto zokuthutha—bona, amanzi, ukudla, nanoma iziphi ezinye izinto zasendlini ezidingekile. Bayalisenga futhi ikamela, bagcine ngokucophelela uboya balo ukuze benze indwangu, izingubo zokulala, namatende. Isikhumba salo sisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zesikhumba, nomzimba walo wenziwa inyama.

Omahambanendlwana bahamba ngesilinganiso samakhilomitha acishe abe ngu-40 ngosuku. Kodwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo amanye amakamela angahlanganisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-160 ngosuku olulodwa. Lokhu kubalulekile uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi imithombo yamanzi kungenzeka ibe eqhelelene ngamakhilomitha amaningi.

Awasetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezikude zogwadule. Ikamela lisabonwa ngokuvamile, futhi ukukhala kwalo nokubhonga kwalo kuseyimisindo evamile ezimakethe eziningi zalapha eSahel. Amakamela asetshenziselwa ukuthwala abantu nezimpahla zokuthengiselana kusuka emaphandleni kuya emakethe, ngokuvamile athwala imithwalo enesisindo esicishe sibe ngamakhilogremu angu-200 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukufuya amakamela ngenjongo yokuwadla kuyakhuthazwa njengokungcono okungase kudliwe esikhundleni senyama yenkomo njengoba ukufuya izinkomo kuya kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yezingwadule eziqhubeka ziba zimbi. Ngonyaka ka-1990 kwadliwa amakamela acishe abe ngu-1 300 eN’Djamena, inhloko-dolobha yaseChad, kuhlanganise nenani elingaziwa eladliwa emaphandleni. Abantu abangaphezu koyedwa baseNtshonalanga abangenakho okuhlangenwe nakho ngamakamela baye bamangala ukuzwa ukuthi “inyama yenkomo” engabizi abayithola emakethe eqinisweni kwakuyinyama yekamela.

Edolobheni elifanayo, akukhona okungavamile ukuhlangana nesisodwa noma ezingaphezulu zalezizilwane zihamba emigwaqweni, zithwele amasaka amakhulu okusanhlamvu kanye nomqondisi wazo. Umqondisi kungenzeka uhambisa izimpahla ekhaya noma mhlawumbe umane nje ufuna abangase bathenge.

Amanye amadolobhana asezindaweni ezomisile zalelizwe asebenzisa amakamela ekudonseni amanzi emithonjeni ejule kakhulu. Ibhakede elikhulu noma imvaba iboshelwa kolunye uhlangothi lwentambo ende bese lehliselwa emthonjeni. Olunye uhlangothi lwentambo lubekwa phezu kwesondo eliqhele cishe ngemitha noma ngaphezulu emthonjeni bese luboshelwa ekameleni. Umfana ohleli phezu kwekamela uliyala ukuba lidonse, futhi ibhakede noketshezi lwalo oluyigugu likhuphuke futhi liphume emthonjeni.

Izitho Eziyizinsalela?

Ukuhlolwa okufushane kwekamela kubonisa ukuthi izitho zalo ezihlukile ngokusobala zaziklanywe ngendlela eyenza likwazi ukuzifanelanisa nesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomisile. Lezitho azibanga khona ngengozi. Zenza ikamela likwazi ukubhekana ngokuphawulekayo nezimo zalengxenye yomhlaba okunzima ukuhlala kuyo.

Kungani linentamo ende kangaka? Inikeza ikamela inzuzo efanayo naleyo yendlulamithi, yenza likwazi ukudla ezihlahleni. Njengendlulamithi, livame ukudla ezihlahleni ezinameva zohlobo lomunga ezivamile eSahel. Engxenyeni enkulu yonyaka, alini, ngakho ngokuvamile azibikhona izitshalo ezitholakala emhlabathini; izihlahla zisinda ngenxa yezimpande zazo ezinde futhi ngokusobala ziba ukudla kwamakamela.

Kungani linemilenze emide nezinyawo eziyinqaba? Imilenze yalo emide ilinikeza usizo olwengeziwe lwejubane kanti futhi yenza kube lula ukuba lidle ezindaweni eziphakeme. Uma ulibukela kude lelikamela laseArabia libonakala lizihambela nje, kodwa abahamba ngezinyawo abazama ukuhambisana nalo basheshe baqaphele ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye sekamela sihlanganisa ibanga elide.

Izinyawo ezinkulu, ezisandilinga zithambe ngempela futhi zibonakala zivuleka lapho ikamela linyathela phansi, zilisiza ukuba lihambe kalula esihlabathini. Inselo encane, eqinile yenkomo noma yehhashi imane ishone esihlabathini, kodwa ikamela alishoni kusukela ekuzalweni, ingaphansi lonyawo lembozwe izicubu eziqinile, futhi zivimbela ukushiswa isihlabathi esishisayo sasogwadule.

Nokho, amakamela akuthola kunzima ukuhamba odakeni; yingakho enyamalala eningizimu yeSahel ngenkathi yemvula. Abanikazi bawo bawayisa ogwadule ukuze angashibiliki futhi kwenzeke aphuke umlenze noma azilimaze ngandlela-thile.

Kuthiwani ngesifumbu esidumile? Abanye bayokutshela ukuthi esokugcina amanzi, kodwa eqinisweni sakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngamafutha futhi empeleni singesokugcina ukudla. Ikamela elingondlekile livame ukuba nesifumbu esinciphile, ngezinye izikhathi esilengayo noma esitekezelayo, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okudla kahle, isifumbu sigcina sesibuyele esimweni saso.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, iBactrian, noma ikamela elinezifumbu ezimbili, elifaneleka kangcono ezingwadule ezibanda kakhulu zaseAsia ephakathi, lizalaniseka kalula nekamela elinesifumbu esisodwa. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lezinhlobo ezimbili zimane nje zingamakamela ‘ohlobo’ olufanayo.—Genesise 1:24; bheka futhi nePhaphama! kaDecember 8, 1988, ikhasi 17.

Kuthiwani ngalezozinkophe ezinde ezigoqene? Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba imfashini yanamuhla isisungule izinkophe-mbumbulu ezinde, amakamela ayenezinkophe zangempela futhi kungezona nje ezobuhle. Zivikela amehlo esihlabathini esipheshulwa umoya, ngaleyondlela zenza ikamela likwazi ukuqhubeka lihamba lapho ezinye izilwane bezingavaleka amehlo futhi zime. Ikhala elide elinjengomqhewu lisiza amehlo ngokuvimba isihlabathi lapho ikamela lidonsa umoya nangokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokudonsa umswakama lapho likhipha umoya.

Lolu, nezinye izimpawu, lunikeza ikamela ikhono lalo elaziwayo lokuhamba izinsuku eziningana ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi. Lingaqhubeka liphila ngaphandle kobunzima ngisho nalapho lilahlekelwe amanzi afinyelela engxenyeni yesithathu yesisindo somzimba walo. Kodwa lapho seliphuza, zilungiselele. Amakamela aye aziwa ngokuphuza amalitha amanzi angafinyelela ku-135 ngemizuzu eyishumi ukuze abuyisele amanzi alahlekile. Ngakho uRebeka wazinikela ngokuzithandela ukwenza isabelo esingelula lapho ezicelela ukuphuzisa amakamela ayishumi!—Genesise 24:10, 19.

Ngalokho, nakuba kungase kubonakale kungokungavamile kulabo abangajwayelene namakamela, ikamela alibanga khona ngengozi noma kamuva lapho sezidalwe zonke izinto. Aliyona inhlanganisela exakile yezitho eziyinsalela ezazingenakusetshenziswa ezinye izilwane. Lingase lingabi elicwebezelayo njengehhashi noma libe nemibala njengepigogo, kodwa abantu abahlala enyakatho neAfrika balazisa ngokugcwele ikamela laseArabia njengesibusiso esivela kuNkulunkulu, ubufakazi boMdali ohlakaniphile.—IsAmbulo 4:11.

[Izithombe ekhasini 23]

Njengoba linentamo ende, isifumbu, izinyawo ezigxushekile, nezinkophe ezinde, ikamela likufanelekela kahle ukuphila ogwadule