Ukuzikhandla—Iyini Imiphumela?
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eJapane
“‘IZIPHUZO ezinikeza umdlandla’ ziye zathandwa kakhulu, njengoba kutholakala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezithengiswa ngengqikithi [yamaRandi angu-20 000 000] ngonyaka,” kubika i-Mainichi Daily News, iphephandaba eliphambili laseJapane. Ukuthandwa kwalemikhiqizo, okuthiwa inikeza amandla ngokushesha ezisebenzini ezikhathele, “kufakazela ukuzimisela kweJapane ukuzikhandla emsebenzini naphezu kokucindezeleka, ukuqwasha kanye nesimo sezulu sasehlobo esikhathazayo,” kuqhubeka lombiko.
Ngaphesheya kwePacific, “cishe umMelika oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalombili wabika ukuthi usebenza amahora angu-60 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto,” ngokwe-U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Labo abaphethe izikhundla eziphakeme bakuthola kudingekile ukunikela isikhathi namandla abo amaningi emsebenzini kangangokuthi umsebenzi wabo ngezinye izikhathi uba isici esilawulayo ekuphileni kwabo.
Cishe kuzo zonke izizinda, abantu abakhuthele, abazimisele, nabazikhandlayo babhekwa njengabanemfanelo enhle. Ngisho nomlobi weBhayibheli wasendulo wathi: “Akukho okuhle kumuntu kunalokhu kokuba adle, aphuze, abonise umphefumulo wakhe okuhle emshikashikeni wakhe, kepha nalokho ngakubona ukuthi kuvela esandleni sikaNkulunkulu.” (UmShumayeli 2:24) Ngokuvamile, kuyo yonke indawo abantu basakholelwa ezindinganisweni ezinjalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakubheka njengemfanelo enhle noma cha, abantu abaningi basebenza kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku, izinsuku ezinhlanu, eziyisithupha, noma ngisho eziyisikhombisa ngesonto.
Nokho, kuye kwafezani konke lokhu kuzikhandla? Emazweni anjengeJapane neJalimane, “izimangaliso” zezomnotho eziye zavezwa kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II zilangazelelwa amazwe asathuthuka. Womabili lamazwe asuka ekunqotshweni aba imibuso yezomnotho leyo okufanele iqashelwe izwe lonke. Nokho, ukuzinikela emsebenzini kuye kwabafezelani abantu abaningi?
Nakuba izinga lokuphila eJapane liye lathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo, i-Mainichi Daily News ibika ukuthi, abantu abaningi baseJapane “basakuthola kunzima ukuba nomuzwa wokwaneliseka ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke.” Okubi nangaphezulu, ekuphishekeleni kwabo kokukhandleka lokho abakubiza ngokuthi ukuphila okuhle, abaningi bayagula noma ngisho bafe ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile nokucindezeleka. Ngokufanayo, ekuhloleni okwenziwa e-United States, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabaphathi abayizinkulungwane ezintathu eyahlolwa yaba nomuzwa wokuthi yayizikhandla ngokweqile, yayikhathele, futhi yayingasawushisekeli umsebenzi wayo.
Nabesifazane abasebenzayo baveza izimpawu zokucindezeleka. Ukuhlola okuthile okwenziwa e-Italy kwembula ukuthi abesifazane abasebenzayo kulelozwe basebenza isilinganiso samahora angu-30 ngaphezu kwabangane babo bomshado isonto ngalinye. Ngaphezu kokusebenza amahora amaningi ehhovisi noma efektri, kumelwe banakekele imisebenzi yasendlini lapho befika ekhaya. Isisebenzi esithile sesifazane savuma kumagazini i-Europeo: “Ukuphila kwami okungokwenhlalo kufana nokungekho ngokoqobo. Anginaso isikhathi sami. Angisakwazi ukukubekezelela.”
Kuthiwani ngokuphila komkhaya? “Ngokuphishekela ingcebo yaseMelika, sizidela thina kanye nomkhaya ngenxa yemali namandla,” kusho uHerbert Freudenberger, isazi sezokukhathala ngenxa yomsebenzi saseNew York. Ngenxa yokuba matasa ngokuphelele kwabayeni bawo emsebenzini, amakhosikazi athile osomabhizinisi baseBrithani abasebenza kwamanye amazwe kubikwa ukuthi azizwa elahliwe futhi engajabule. Kodwa awawodwa kulesimo sokungajabuli.
Ake ucabangele imiphumela yokuphila komkhaya eJapane, lapho izisebenzi ezingaphansi kwengxenye zabo bonke abaneminyaka esukela kwengamashumi amane kuya kwengamashumi ayisithupha ezisebenza emahhovisi zifika ekhaya ngaphambi kwehora lesishiyagalombili kusihlwa. Abesifazane abathile kakade abasababheki abayeni babo njengabangane bangempela bomshado; abasabafuni ukuba babe sekhaya isikhathi esingaphezu kwaleso. Ukukhangisa okuthile kwethelevishini kukubeka ngamafuphi ukudumala kwabesifazane, kuthi: “Kungcono uma amadoda ephilile futhi engekho ekhaya.”
Ngokwalokho okushiwo ngaphambili, kusobala ukuthi ukuzikhandla kunakho kokubili izinzuzo nezingozi. Lapho kwenziwa ngokweqile, kungaba yingozi. Ngakho kungenzeka kanjani ukuba ukuzikhandla kungabi umthwalo kodwa kube imfanelo enhle nomthombo wenjabulo wangempela?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungokungathi sína kangakanani lapho abantu bebeka umsebenzi ngaphambi kwakho konke okunye noma bezikhandla ngokweqile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela iyini? Ake sicabangele lezizici zokuzikhandla.