Ukuzikhandla—Ingabe Kuyingozi Empilweni Yakho?

EWELA phezu kwemoto yakhe, umthengisi othile womshuwalense oneminyaka ephakathi kwamashumi amane namashumi ayisithupha wahlanza futhi waquleka. Wayesaphethe isikhwama sakhe, esiwuphawu lomsebenzi wakhe. Ezikhandla ngaphansi kwesiqubulo senkampane yakhe esithi, “Manje isikhathi esibucayi. Sebenzisa amandla akho kuze kufinyelele kumaphesenti angu-150 esilinganiso sawo,” wayehambe amakhilomitha angaba ngu-3 000 ngemoto yakhe phakathi nenyanga aquleka ngayo. Ezinsukwini ezine kamuva, wafa.

Lena akuyona indaba engavamile. “Amaqhawe ezinkampane,” njengoba ebizwa kanjalo eJapane, akhathazwa usizi lwe-karoshi, noma ukufa ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile. Ummeli othile osebenza ngezimo ezinjalo ulinganisela ukuthi kukhona “okungenani izisulu ezingu-30 000 ze-karoshi eJapane minyaka yonke.” Akumangalisi ukuthi amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-40 ezisebenzi zasemahhovisi zaseJapane ahlolwa muva nje ayesaba ukufa okungase kuvele ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile.

Nakuba kungase kube nzima ukuveza ubuhlobo phakathi kokusebenza ngokweqile nezinkinga ezingokwempilo, imikhaya yezisulu ayingabazi. Eqinisweni, amazwi athi “ukufa ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile” asungulwa emazwini esicelo sembuyiselo ayegcinwe imikhaya eshonelwe. UTetsunojo Uehata we-Institute of Public Health eJapane uthi: “Ngokombono wezokwelapha, lamazwi abhekisela ekufeni noma ekukhubazekeni ngenxa ye-cerebral apoplexy, i-myocardial infarction, noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo eziwumphumela wokusebenza kanzima okubangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokweqile noma ukuqina nokuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.” Umbiko wamuva nje owakhishwa i-Health and Welfare Ministry yaseJapane uxwayisa ngokuthi ukusebenza ngokweqile njalo kubangela ukuqwasha kumuntu futhi ekugcineni kuholela empilweni ebuthaka nokugula.

Nokho, njengoba nje abantu ababhemayo bekuzonda ukuvuma izingozi zokubhema, nemilutha yotshwala ikuzonda ukuvuma izingozi zokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, abantu abasebenza amahora amaningi bayakuzonda ukuvuma izingozi zokusebenza amahora amaningi ngokungenangqondo. Futhi ukufa akukhona okuwukuphela kwengozi engenzeka.

Ukukhathala Okungapheli Nokucindezeleka

Nakuba abanye abantu abasebenza ngokweqile beba izisulu zokukhubazeka nokufa, abanye bavame ukuhlaselwa ukukhathala okungapheli. “Ukukhathala okungapheli akunayo incazelo eqondile yezokwelapha,” kuchaza umagazini i-Fortune, “kodwa izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukutubeka komzimba, izinga eliphansi lokucabanga, ukungabi bikho njalo emsebenzini, izinkinga zempilo ezandayo, nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma utshwala.” Ezinye izisulu ziba nenzondo, kuyilapho ezinye ziqala ukwenza amaphutha okunganaki. Nokho, abantu baba kanjani izisulu zokukhathala okungapheli ngenxa yomsebenzi?

Ngokuvamile, akubona abangaphilile noma abaphazamiseke ngokomzwelo ababa izisulu ezinjalo. Ngokuvamile abantu abawukhathalela ngokujulile umsebenzi wabo. Kungenzeka balwela ukubhekana nokuncintisana okukhulu noma bazikhandlela ukuthola izikhundla ezivelele. Basebenza isikhathi eside futhi ngokuzinikela, bezama ukulawula yonke into emsebenzini. Kodwa lapho ukuzikhandla okuqotho nokusebenza ngokungaphezi kungakuvezi ukwaneliseka nomvuzo okulindelekile, bayakhohliseka, bazizwa betubekile, futhi baba izisulu zokukhathala okungapheli ngenxa yokusebenza.

Iyini imiphumela? ETokyo inkonzo yezingcingo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Life Line, emiselwe ukusiza labo abebengase babe izisulu zokuzibulala, ithola izingcingo eziningi ngokwengeziwe zezisebenzi zasehhovisi ezineminyaka esukela emashumini amane kuya emashumini ayisithupha ezikhungathekile. Phakathi kwezisulu zokuzibulala ezingaphezu kuka-25 000 eJapane ngo-1986, ngokumangalisayo amaphesenti angu-40 ayeseminyakeni yawo-40 nawo-50 ubudala, futhi amaphesenti angu-70 alaba kwakungabantu besilisa. “Kungenxa yokuthi ukucindezeleka phakathi kwezisebenzi eziphakathi kwaleminyaka kuyanda,” kukhononda uHiroshi Inamura, uprofesa wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Bese kuba khona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo ngenxa yamaholide. Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukucasulwa ukungenzi lutho phakathi namaholide. Ushukunyiswa isibopho sokusebenza, unembeza wesisebenzi esizinikelayo uyasikhathaza lapho kungezona izinsuku zokusebenza. Njengoba singakwazi ukuthola ukuthula kwengqondo, lesisebenzi sizulazula endlini yaso njengesilwane esivalelwe. Lapho kufika uMsombuluko, sibuyela ehhovisi, sikhululekile.

Uhlobo oluyingqayizivele lokucindezeleka manje olwenza izisebenzi ezikuleminyaka ziye kudokotela lubizwa ngokuthi isifo sokubalekela ikhaya. Izisebenzi ezitubekile zihlala emathilomu nasezinkantini ngemva komsebenzi. Ekugcineni, ziyeka ngokuphelele ukuya ekhaya. Kungani zesaba ukubuyela ekhaya? Nakuba imbangela kungase kube abangane bomshado abangenalo uzwela, “eziningi bezisebenza ngokweqile futhi zalahlekelwa ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nokuphila kwangaphandle komsebenzi, ngisho nokuzivumelanisa nemikhaya yazo uqobo ezimweni eziningi,” kusho uDkt. Toru Sekiya, olungiselela iziguli ezinjalo “Isimiso Sokulala Ezibhedlela.”

Ukuphila Komkhaya Okuphazamisekile

Kungase kungabi umuntu osebenza ngokweqile ohlupheka kakhulu. Ukusebenza ngokweqile “ngokuvamile kuyinkinga yabantu abaphila nomuntu osebenza ngokweqile,” kuphawula umagazini i-Entrepreneur. Ukuphila komngane womshado kungaba lusizi. Lomuntu osebenza ngokweqile “kakade usezitholele isithandwa senhliziyo yakhe,” kusho umagazini i-Bulletin waseSydney, e-Australia, “futhi ukunikezwa indawo yesibili akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi.” Kwenzekani emshadweni onjalo?

Cabangela indaba kaLarry, umMelika oqashwe inkampane yaseJapane ese-United States. Wayesebenza amahora amaningi ngokweqile engakhokhelwa ngenxa yalokho, andisa umkhiqizo wefektri ngamaphesenti angu-234. Ingabe wathola impumelelo nenjabulo? “Uyahlanya!” kwamemeza umkakhe enkantolo njengoba ayefaka isehlukaniso.

Okubi nangaphezulu kwakuyindaba yomphathi webhizinisi elithile laseJapane owayeya emsebenzini ngehora lesihlanu njalo ekuseni futhi owayengabuyi ekhaya ngaphambi kwehora lesishiyagalolunye ebusuku. Umkakhe waqala ukuphuza ngokweqile. Ngolunye usuku, ithukutheliswe ukuphuza kwakhe, lendoda yaklinya umkayo. Umahluleli wayibeka icala lokubulala wayesethi: “Njengoba ubuzinikele ngokuphelele emsebenzini, awuzange usiqaphele isizungu somkakho futhi awuzange wenze umzamo owanele wokumnikeza izizathu zokujabulela ukuphila.”

Ukuklinya umngane womshado kuwumphumela oweqisayo, kodwa ukusebenza ngokweqile kungaphazamisa ukuphila komkhaya ngezinye izindlela. Lapho indoda ikhona ekhaya ngamaSonto, ingase nje izihlalele phambi kwethelevishini ebukisa uhlelo lwemidlalo eluthanda kakhulu futhi izihlalele nje yonke intambama ingenzi lutho. Lamadoda awaqapheli ukuthi aye aba angazinaki kanjani ezinye izici zokuphila. Eshisekela umsebenzi wawo ngokweqile, adebeselela into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni, imikhaya yawo. Njengoba engasinaki isidingo sokuxhumana nomkhaya, aphishekela inkambo ngokuqinisekile ezoletha umhlala-phansi onesizungu.

Badala Kodwa Abenelisekile

Incwadi ethi At Work yakhipha lesixwayiso esethulweni sayo: “Emphakathini wethu, . . . ubuhlobo phakathi komsebenzi, ukuzethemba kanye nesikhundla sezenhlalo buqine kangangokuthi, lapho bethatha umhlala-phansi, abanye bakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila okungenawo umsebenzi ababewenza.” Labo abagxilisa ukuphila kwabo emsebenzini kumelwe bazibuze lombuzo: ‘Ngizosala nani uma ngiphelelwa umsebenzi wami?’ Khumbula, lapho umuntu ethatha umhlala-phansi, ukuphila kwakhe kungase kuzungezwe umkhaya wakhe nomphakathi.

Labo abaye basidebeselela isidingo sokukhulumisana nemikhaya yabo nomakhelwane abaqiniseki ngemva komhlala-phansi ukuthi bangaxoxani nabo. “Bavuna imiphumela yokwenqaba ukubheka noma yini enye ngaphandle komsebenzi, akunjalo?” kusho umeluleki ongumakad’ ebona wemibhangqwana eneminyaka ephakathi kwamashumi amane namashumi ayisithupha eJapane. “Ukuphila kwabo kwakuntula isici sobuntu, futhi konke babekuthatha kalula ngenxa nje yokuthi kwakuyibona abasebenzayo ekhaya. Nokho, lapho bethatha umhlala-phansi isimo sase sigaya ngomunye umhlathi.”

Leyominyaka engu-30 noma engu-40 yokuzikhandla, mhlawumbe ngenxa yomkhaya, ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi. Yeka indlela okungadumaza ngayo uma ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuzikhandla, labo ababesebenzela ukondla imikhaya bebhekwa imikhaya yabo ‘njengemfucumfucu yasezimbonini’ kanye ne-nureochiba (amacembe amanzi awe esihlahleni). Lenkulumo yamuva isetshenziswa eJapane ukuze ichaze amadoda athathe umhlala-phansi angenalutho angalwenza ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi nomkawo ngokuyisicefe usuku lonke. Ngakho afaniswa namacembe amanzi awe esihlahleni anamathela emshanelweni futhi angenakuthintitheka, acasulayo.

Lapho kucatshangelwa zonke izingozi ezihilelekile, kungokwemvelo ukubuza ukuthi, Ukuzikhandla kungaba kanjani imfanelo enhle ngempela? Ingabe ukhona umsebenzi oletha ukwaneliseka kwangempela? Isihloko sethu esilandelayo kuloluchungechunge sicabangela lemibuzo.

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Isixwayiso Esifike Ngesikhathi

“Uma umyeni wakho ephelelwa isifiso sokudla, eqwasha, engafuni ukukhuluma, khona-ke lezo izimpawu zokucindezeleka. Mtshele ukuba athole injabulo kokuthile ngaphandle komsebenzi futhi azame ukuzihlanganisa nabantu angasebenzi nabo.”—UDkt. Toru Sekiya, weSekiya Neurology Clinic, eTokyo, eJapane.

“Ngiyakuthanda ukusebenza isikhathi eside, kodwa uma kumelwe ulahlekelwe umyeni noma umkhaya wakho ngokwenza kanjalo, wenza izinto ngendlela engafanele. Akujabulisi neze ukungabi namuntu ozohlanganyela naye ingcebo yakho.”—UMary Kay Ash, usihlalo we-Mary Kay Cosmetics.

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Ukututshwa umsebenzi ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ezinkingeni ezingathi sína

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Izinhloko zemikhaya ezisebenza ngokweqile ngokuvamile zibhubhisa ukuphila kwalabo okufanele zisondelane nabo kakhulu