Ukutubeka—Ubani Osengozini Futhi Ngani?
ZICABANGE uyisisebenzi sasehhovisi esinomkhaya—noma mhlawumbe vele uyiso. Umsebenzi unqwabelene edeskini lakho. Ucingo lukhala ngokungaphezi nezimfuno zamakhasimende ezicishe zingahlangabezeki. Umphathi wakho akathokozile ngoba awuwufezi umsebenzi okulindeleke ukuba uwufeze. Indodana yakho isenkingeni esikoleni. Uthisha ufuna ukukubona ngokushesha. Umngane wakho womshado uzithela ngabandayo lapho ucela kuye usizo. Lapho kubonakala ukuthi isimo asisalawuleki, ukucindezeleka kuyanda, kuholele ekutubekeni.
Ingabe ukutubeka kubangelwa ukusebenza ngokweqile? U-Ann McGee-Cooper, ocwaninga ngobuchopho, wathi ukutubeka “kuwumphumela wokuphila ngokungalinganiseli, okuvame lapho umuntu esebenza ngaphandle kokuphumula.” Nokho, ukusebenza ngokweqile akukhona kuphela okuyimbangela; ngaphansi kokucindezeleka nezimo ezifanayo, abanye bayatubeka kuyilapho abanye bengatubeki.
Abangaba Izisulu Zokutubeka
Njengoba kunabantu abangase bangenwe isifo esithile, kunabathile abangase batubeke. “Ukuze uhlushwe ukutubeka,” kusho u-Elliot Aronson, uprofesa wokusebenza kwengqondo kwezokuhlalisana e-University of California, “kumelwe ushikashikele into ethile kuqala.” Ngakho labo abasengozini yokutubeka bashikashikela imigomo nezinhloso eziphakeme. Kuthiwa labo abatubekayo ngokuvamile bayizisebenzi zenkampani ezikhuthele.
Efingqa izici zobuntu babantu abangaba izisulu zokutubeka, uProfesa Fumiaki Inaoka we-Red Cross College of Nursing yaseJapane, wabhala encwadini ethi Moetsukishokogun (Isifo Sokutubeka): “Labo abasengozini yokutubeka bavame ukuba nozwela kakhulu, umusa, ukuthinteka masinyane, bazinikezele, futhi banezinhloso ezinhle. Singathi abakuthandi ukusebenza ngemishini kodwa bakhetha ‘ukusebenza nabantu.’”
Sicelwa ukuba silungiselele indlela yokuhlola labo okungenzeka batubeke, isazi esithile sathi leyondlela kungangcono isetshenziswe njengendinganiso yokuqasha. Sathi: “Izinkampani kudingeka ukuba zithole abantu abafuna ukutubeka . . . bese zenza izinhlelo zokulwa nakho.”
Abasengozini kakhulu yilabo abahileleke ekusebenzelaneni nabantu, njengezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, odokotela, abahlengikazi, nothisha. Bazama ngamandla onke ukusiza abantu, bezidela ukuze bathuthukise ukuphila kwabanye, futhi bangase batubeke lapho bebona ukuthi abayifezi imigomo engafinyeleleki ngezinye izikhathi abaye bazibekela yona. Omama abanakekelayo bangase batubeke ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo.
Okwenza Abantu Batubeke
Ukuhlola okuthile okwenziwa kubahlengikazi kwembula izici ezintathu ezibangela ukutubeka. Isici sokuqala esaphawulwa kwakuyinani lezinkinga zansuku zonke ezibangela ukukhungatheka. Ngokwesibonelo, iningi labahlengikazi kwakumelwe lifeze imithwalo yemfanelo enzima, lisingathe izinkinga zokusiza iziguli, lizivumelanise nezinto zokusebenza ezintsha, libhekane nezindleko ezikhulayo, futhi libekezelele ukuphila okungavamile. “Lezizinkinga zansuku zonke zinethonya elikhulu elibangela ukutubeka,” kusho incwadi ethi Moetsukishokogun. Lapho izinkinga zihlala zingaxazululiwe, kumane kwakheke ukukhungatheka okuholela ekutubekeni.
Isici sesibili esaphawulwa kwakuwukuntuleka kokusekelwa, ukungabi nomuntu ongathululela kuye isifuba. Ngakho, umama ongahlangani nabanye omama kungenzeka atubeke. Ukuhlola okushiwo ngenhla kwathola ukuthi abahlengikazi abangashadile basengozini enkulu yokutubeka kunabashadile. Nakuba kunjalo, ukushada kungazandisa izinkinga zansuku zonke uma kungekho ukuthululelana isifuba phakathi kwendoda nomfazi. Ngisho noma wonke umuntu esekhaya, umuntu angase azithole enesizungu ngenxa yokuthi umkhaya wakubo ugqolozele ithelevishini.
Isici sesithathu kwakuyimizwa yokungabi nalusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, abahlengikazi bangase babe nemizwa yokungabi nalusizo ngaphezu kodokotela ngoba abanalo igunya lokushintsha izinto. Labo abasezikhundleni zokuphatha eziphakathi bangase batubeke lapho benomuzwa wokuthi ukuzikhandla kwabo akubasizi ngalutho. Njengoba kwasho enye imenenja yezimali, ukutubeka kubangelwa “ukukhungatheka ngenxa yokuzama ukuba nengxenye ethile kodwa ungalalelwa.”
Imizwa yokungabi nalusizo yakheka kubantu lapho bephakathi kwabantu abangenakwazisa bese kubangela ukutubeka. Abafazi bayatubeka lapho abayeni babo bengawubongi umsebenzi ohilelekile ekulungiseni ikhaya nasekunakekeleni abantwana. Izimenenja ezisezikhundleni eziphakathi ziyatubeka lapho abaqashi bewushaya indiva umsebenzi owenziwe kahle bese bezimangalela ngamaphutha awubala. “Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sonke sifuna ukuba imizamo yethu yaziswe futhi iqashelwe,” kusho umagazini i-Parents, “futhi uma sisebenza endaweni engayivuzi imizamo yethu—kungase kube sekhaya noma ehhovisi—khona-ke kunokwenzeka ukuba sihlushwe ukutubeka.”
Ngokuthakazelisayo, nakuba abahlengikazi betubeka ngezinga eliphakeme, odokotela ababelethisayo batubeka kancane. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi kadokotela obelethisayo uhilela ukusiza ekubelethweni kwezinsana. Omama nobaba bayababonga ngomsebenzi wabo. Lapho baziswa, abantu baba nomuzwa wokuthi bawusizo futhi bayakhuthazeka.
Ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu esazi ukuthi ubani osengozini yokutubeka nokuthi kungani, kuba lula ukubhekana nalenkinga. Isihloko esilandelayo singasiza izisulu zokutubeka ukuba zibheke ukuphila ngendlela elinganiselayo.
[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]
Ukutubeka kuwumphumela wokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphumula