‘Ukuhambela Yonke Imizi’

LAPHO esemhlabeni uKristu Jesu “wayihamba imizi [amadolobha] yonke nemizana efundisa emasinagogeni abo, eshumayela ivangeli lombuso.” (Mathewu 9:35) Ngokufanayo labo ababefisa ukulandela ezinyathelweni zakhe babizwa ukuba bashumayele emadolobheni omhlaba. Lapho babezohlangabezana nezinkinga ezivamile emadolobheni futhi baphoqeleke ukuba babhekane nazo.

Ukuhambela amadolobha okungokomlando kunikeza umbono wezikhathi ezinhle nezimbi zeminyaka eyizinkulungwane yokuba khona komuntu, injabulo nosizi okubangelwa imizamo yomuntu yokufinyelela injabulo. Ukubheka amadolobha ngeso elingabandlululi kugcizelela kithi iqiniso lokuthi lonke uhlanga lwesintu lumane nje luwumkhaya owodwa, obhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo. Namuhla bekungafanele kube nesisekelo sokuqhosha ngobuzwe noma ubandlululo lohlanga.

Ngokudabukisayo, abantu abaningi akukuningi abakwaziyo ngamadolobha, abawazi ngisho nalapho ekhona. Lapho abafundi baseyunivesithi yase-U.S. becelwa phakathi nawo-1980 ukuba basho ukuthi akuphi amadolobha athile, abanye babo bathi iDublin (ese-Ireland) ise-United States futhi iLima (esePeru) bayikhomba e-Italy.

Ukuhlola okwakwenziwe kwenye iyunivesithi eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili kwembula ukuthi cishe ingxenye yalabo bafundi yayingakwazi ukukhomba iLondon ebalazweni lomhlaba. Abanye bayikhomba e-Iceland, abanye eContinental Europe. Uprofesa owayenza lokhu kuhlola wakhala ngokuthi amaphesenti angu-42 alabobafundi “ahluleka” ngokuphelele ukukhomba iLondon. Okudumaza ngisho nangokwengeziwe, ukuthi amaphesenti angu-8 “ahluleka” ukukhomba idolobha laseMelika okwakwenzelwa kulo lokhu kuhlola!

Kodwa ngokusobala abantu baseMelika akubona bodwa ababuthakathaka olwazini lokuma kwezwe. Ekupheleni kwawo-1980, ukuhlolwa kwabafundi emazweni ayishumi kwabonisa ukuthi abantu baseSweden benza kahle kakhulu futhi abantu baseMelika baphuma isithupha. UMkhakha Wezesayensi kuleyondawo okwakuthiwa yiSoviet Union wathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-13 abafundi baseSoviet ahlolwa ayengakwazi ngisho nokukhomba izwe lakubo ebalazweni lomhlaba. Ilungu laloMkhakha uVladimir Andriyenkov lidumele lathi: “Imiphumela ayikholeki.”

Kuthiwani ngawe? Ukwazi kahle kangakanani ukuma kwezwe ikakhulukazi amadolobha? Kungaba njani uke uzivivinye ngokwakho ngemfumbe esekhasini 10? Ungafunda amaphuzu athakazelisayo ‘ngokuHlolisisa Amadolobha.’

Kumagazini olandelayo i-Phaphama!, siyohlolisisa amadolobha amahlanu. Awuhlobo olukhethekile lwamadolobha olwalungaziwa nhlobo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi, ekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, okungenani ayobe engu-20 afana nawo. Angaphezu kwengxenye ayobe ese-Asia. Kungase kube hlobo luni lwedolobha?

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 10, 11]

Ingabe Ungasho Ukuthi Kushiwo Liphi Idolobha?

Hlobanisa lencazelo elandelayo nedolobha elifanele.

1. Inhlokodolobha ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

2. Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke elisezweni elinabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni.

3. Igama lalo elingokomthetho linezinhlamvu ezingu-27, nakuba lingavamile ukusetshenziswa, ingxenye yalo yokuqala isho into eyodwa neyegama elithi Los Angeles; lisenkabeni yesifunda okutshalwa kuso irayisi. Linamathempeli amaBuddha angaphezu kuka-400.

4. Linenani labantu—ngaphandle kwamanye amadolobha amane—eliphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili ukwedlula noma yiliphi elinye idolobha emhlabeni.

5. Lalahlekelwa izakhamuzi ezingaba isigamu sesigidi enhlekeleleni yango-1976.

6. Isikhungo sesifundazwe sezwe lalo esenza izindwangu, lelidolobha laba nendima enkulu ekuguqukeleni kwezezimboni.

7. Esikhathini esidlule lalibhekwa njengelinye lamadolobha aseYurophu angcole kakhulu, namuhla lidume emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yoketshezi olunamakha olunegama lalelidolobha.

8. Izilimi ezicishe zibe ngu-60 ziyakhulunywa kulelidolobha eliyitheku lase-Asia. Laliyinhlokodolobha yezwe lakhona kusukela ngo-1833 kuya ku-1912.

9. Inhlokodolobha eyakhelwa injongo ekhethekile, yahlelwa isikhathi eside, yaqedwa ngo-1960.

10. Lakhiwe ekugcineni komfudlana ophahlwe amawa ongamakhilomitha ayikhulu ubude, uma kucatshangelwa indawo elikuyo lingelinye lamadolobha amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni.

11. Lacishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-1755, intengo yezimpahla iphansi kuneyakunoma iyiphi inhlokodolobha eMphakathini WaseYurophu.

12. Lamiswa ngokomthetho ngo-1873, lapho imiphakathi esezinhlangothini zombili zoMfula iDanube ihlangana futhi ibizwa ngegama elilodwa.

13. Abahloli bamazwe basePortugal bacabanga ukuthi isizalo somfula sasiyiyona ndlela yokungena ethekwini lalo, ngaleyondlela baliqamba igama elinalo manje.

14. Lakhiwa ngo-1788 njengekoloni eliyijele, lingelinye lamadolobha amakhulu aseningizimu emhlabeni wonke.

15. Ngokuba nemisuka enamandla engokwenkolo, lelidolobha laduma ngenxa yesiphithiphithi esishukumisayo esingokombangazwe.

16. Ngo-1850, iNkosi uKamehameha III walenza inhlokodolobha yombuso wakhe; igama lalo lisho ukuthi “Itheku Elivikelekile,” futhi isimo salo sezulu esingaguquguquki silenza libe indawo ethokozisa izivakashi ezibuka amazwe.

17. Ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi idolobha elinomoya, lake lacishe labhujiswa umlilo; namuhla linesakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

18. Ngaphambi kuka-1966, lalibizwa ngokuthi iLéopoldville.

19. Njengoba lilingana nombusi odumile waseGrisi ngobudala, lelidolobha likhunjulwa abafundi beBhayibheli njengendawo lapho kwenziwa khona inguqulo yesiGreki edumile yemiBhalo YesiHeberu.

20. Ukukhula kwalo okusheshayo kwabangelwa ukutholwa kwegolide eduze kwalo, futhi livelele ngokuthi yilona kuphela idolobha elingaka ngobukhulu emhlabeni wonke elingakhiwe ogwini lolwandle noma lwechibi noma lomfula.

I-Alexandria, EGibithe

IBangkok, eThailand

IBoston, e-U.S.A.

IBrasília, eBrazil

IBudapest, e-Hungary

ICalcutta, eNdiya

IChicago, e-U.S.A.

ICologne, eJalimane

IGoli, eNingizimu Afrika

IHong Kong

IHonolulu, eHawaii, I-U.S.A.

IKinshasa, eZaire

ILa Paz, eBolivia

ILisbon, ePortugal

IManchester, eNgilandi

I-Oslo, eNorway

IRio de Janeiro, eBrazil

IShanghai, eChina

ISydney, e-Australia

ITangshan, eChina

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 11, 12]

Izimpendulo:

1. ILa Paz, njengoba isendaweni enokuphakama kwamamitha aphakathi kuka-3 250 no-4 100 ukusuka ogwini lolwandle, yakhiwa abaseSpain ngo-1548.

2. Elithi “Shanghai” lisho ukuthi “Olwandle,” futhi naphezu kokuba elinye lamatheku amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, liyisikhungo saseChina semfundo ephakeme nokucwaninga okungokwesayensi.

3. Ingxenye yokuqala yegama elingokomthetho leBangkok ithi Krung Thep, okusho ukuthi “Idolobha Lezingelosi”; ngeSpanish, elithi “Los Angeles” lisho “izingelosi.” Nakuba iBangkok seyakhe imigwaqo yayo engodedangendlale, iningi lemifula yayo yokwenziwa edumile iye yagcwaliswa ngenhlabathi ukuze kwakhiwe imigwaqo.

4. IHong Kong, enabantu abangu-96-000 kulelo nalelo khilomitha-skwele, ilandelwa iLagos, eNigeria (55 000); iDacca, eBangladesh (53 000); iDjakarta, e-Indonesia (50 000); neBombay, eNdiya (49 000).

5. Ngo-1976, iChina yahlaselwa okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisa kunakho konke emlandweni wanamuhla, okwaba nesilinganiso esingu-7,8 esikalini esibizwa ngokuthi iRichter. ITangshan yacishe yaba isicaba; okungenani kwafa abantu abangu-240-000.

6. IManchester, eyakhiwe ebangeni lamakhilomitha angu-240 enyakatho yeLondon, yaba isikhungo sezimboni ngokushesha kangangokuba phakathi kuka-1821 no-1831, inani labantu bakhona lakhula ngamaphesenti angu-45.

7. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, iCologne yayidume ngokuba ngelinye lamadolobha amathathu angcole kakhulu emhlabeni—iCalcutta, iConstantinople, neCologne—okungalesosizathu amasosha aseFrance ayebuthise lapho “ayemboza ubuso bawo ngamaduku acwiliswe kuyi-Eau de Cologne ukuze angalizwa iphunga lomchamo elaligcwele kulelidolobha.”—Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger.

8. ICalcutta iyidolobha lesithathu elikhulu kunawo wonke eNdiya futhi yathathelwa isikhundla sokuba inhlokodolobha iNew Delhi.

9. Njengoba wahlongozwa ngo-1789 futhi wafakwa eMthethweni-sisekelo ka-1891, umbono wokuba kube nenhlokodolobha enkabeni yeBrazil wafezeka ngo-1960 lapho kuba khona iBrasília. Ukwakhiwa kwalo lisuswa phansi kwavula ithuba elingandile lokuphothulwa “komklamo ohlelekile walo lonke idolobha ngokuhlelwa kwendawo, ukudwetshwa kwamapulani, nokulungiswa kwendawo yabantu yokuhlala.”—Encyclopædia Britannica.

10. I-Oslo, inhlokodolobha yaseNorway, isendaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-453, ingxenye yayo enkulu enamagquma ambozwe amahlathi namachibi.

11. Amasonto ayegcwele phama ekuseni ngo-November 1, 1755, egubha uSuku Lwabo Bonke OSanta, lapho iLisbon icekelwa phansi okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu emlandweni, okwabulala abantu abangaba ngu-30 000.

12. Ngo-1873 idolobha lasePest, ohlangothini olungasempumalanga loMfula iDanube, neBuda, kanye ne-Óbuda nesiQhingi iMargaret, ohlangothini olungasentshonalanga, kwahlanganiswa ngokomthetho kwaba iBudapest, elinye lamadolobha aseYurophu amahle kakhulu, elake laziwa ngokuthi iNdlovukazi YaseDanube.

13. Igama lesiPutukezi elisho “umfula” nelisho “u-January”—abahloli bamazwe abafika ngo-January 1, 1502—ahlanganiswa ukuze akhe igama elithi Rio de Janeiro.

14. Ngo-January 1788 iziboshwa ezicishe zibe ngu-750 zafika zivela eBrithani zaba ngezokuqala ezeza kulelikoloni eliyijele; namuhla iSydney iyidolobha elidala nelikhulu kunawo wonke e-Australia.

15. Emakhulwini eminyaka acishe abe mathathu, amadolobha ambalwa athonya ukuphila e-United States njengoba kwenza iBoston, eyakhiwa amaPuritan abaleka eYurophu ngenxa yoshushiso olungokwenkolo. Ngo-1773 izakhamuzi zayo zasiza ekugqugquzeleni ukuVukela KwamaMelika lapho, zishaya sengathi zingamaNdiya, zachitha itiye elalithwelwe imikhumbi emithathu esikhumulweni semikhumbi saseBoston zibonisa ukumelana nokukhokha intela kuhulumeni waseBrithani zibe zingamelelwe kuwo.

16. Njengoba ekuqaleni yayiyisizinda sabahwebi bomuthi wamapulangwe nabadobi bemikhomo, ngokushintshana ilawulwa abaseRussia, abaseBrithani, nabaseFrance, iHonolulu yaphindiselwa eNkosini uKamehameha III. Ngo-1850 wayenza inhlokodolobha yombuso wakhe. IHawaii yaba izwe lase-U.S. ngo-1900 futhi yathola uzimele geqe ngo-1959.

17. Abanye babiza iChicago ngokuthi idolobha eliwumfuziselo we-U.S., liveza ubuhle nobubi bayo. Inkaba yalelidolobha yaqothulwa umlilo ngo-1871 lapho kucatshangelwa ukuthi inkomazi ka-Nkk. O’Leary yakhahlela enqolobaneni isibani esasivutha. Kwafa abantu abangaba ngu-250, kwathi abangu-90 000 basala bengenamakhaya. UMbhoshongo iSears waseChicago, ongamamitha angu-443, uyisakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

18. Ngo-1960 iLéopoldville, eyaqanjwa ngenkosi yaseBelgium uLeopold II, yaba inhlokodolobha yeRepublic yaseCongo ngemva kokuthathwa kweBelgian Congo. Ngo-1971 igama lalelizwe lashintsha laba iZaire; ngo-1966 inhlokodolobha yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi iKinshasa.

19. I-Alexandria yaqanjwa ngo-Alexander Omkhulu, owakhipha umyalo wokuba yakhiwe ngo-332 B.C.E. Eminyakeni engaphansi kweyikhulu kamuva, izakhamuzi ezingamaJuda—cishe phakathi nokubusa kukaPtolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 B.C.E.)—zaqala ukuhumushela esiGrekini imiBhalo YesiHeberu ukuze zikhiqize i-Septuagint.

20. IGoli, elingakhiwe ogwini, echibini, noma emfuleni, linedumela lokuba idolobha elikhulu ngenxa yokutholwa kwegolide ngo-1886. Inani labantu lakhula lisuka ku-2 000 ngo-1887 laba ngu-120 000 ngo-1899 futhi namuhla linabangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1,7.

[Ibalazwe ekhasini 8, 9]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

IRio de Janeiro, eBrazil

[Isithombe ekhasini 9]

IBangkok, eThailand

[Umthombo]

Tourism Authority of Thailand

[Izithombe ekhasini 10]

Kwesobunxele: ISydney, e-Australia

Ngezansi: ILa Paz, eBolivia

[Isithombe ekhasini 11]

IShanghai, eChina

[Izithombe ekhasini 12]

Kwesobunxele: IHonolulu, eHawaii

Kwesokudla: IHong Kong