Ukubuka Okwezwe
“Umthombo Wokuhlupheka Okukhulu KweSonto”
Emhlanganweni wakhe nababhishobhi basempumalanga yeCanada, uJohn Paul II wagxilisa ukunakekela kwakhe ekuxhaphazeni ngokobulili okwenziwa abapristi. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-L’Osservatore Romano, upapa watshela lababhishobhi baseCanada ukuthi “ihlazo elenziwe yilawomalungu esigungu sobufundisi namalungu eNkolo ahlulekile kulesici liye laba umthombo wokuhlupheka okukhulu kweSonto eCanada.” Wanezela ukuthi wayebathandazele “labo abaye baba izisulu zokuziphatha okungafanele kobulili, kanye nalabo abaye baba necala lakho.” Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqeda ubumpohlo obuyisibopho kubapristi kungabangela kokubili ukuncipha kwamahlazo ahlobene nokuxhaphaza ngokobulili okwenziwa abefundisi futhi kuxazulule “ukuntuleka noma ukungabiwa kahle kwabapristi” upapa akhuluma ngakho. Kodwa ngokukaJohn Paul II, “ubunzima obuhilelekile namuhla ekugcineni ubumpohlo abusona isizathu esigculisayo sokuguqula ukuqiniseka kweSonto ngokuphathelene nokubaluleka nokufaneleka kwabo.”
Kungani Kunokulutha Kwezidakamizwa?
“Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthakwa kwemithi kwesimanje kunephilisi elincane elingaxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga esinayo. Uma umuntu eqwashile, ugwinya iphilisi elincane. Uma efuna ukuthuthukisa izinga lomsebenzi wakhe, ugwinya elinye,” kuchaza isikhulu samaphoyisa saseSão Paulo, u-Alberto Corazza, njengoba ecashunwe kumagazini waseBrazil i-Veja. “Kuyaqondakala ukuthi umkhuba onjalo uyayithonya intsha.” Uyanezela: “Imilutha yezidakamizwa engamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili inezinkinga zomkhaya ezingathi sína. Ivela emkhayeni ocindezela ngokweqile noma oyekelela ngokweqile noma emkhayeni ongenababa.” Kodwa abazali bangayivikela kanjani intsha ezidakamizweni? UCorazza uthi: “Kungase kuzwakale kuyiphupho, kodwa emkhayeni olinganiselayo onothando ngezingane nokukhulumisana, izidakamizwa ngeke zithole nencane indawo.”
“Izwe Elinobudlova Kunawo Wonke”
“IMelika iyizwe elinobudlova kunawo wonke emhlabeni,” kubhala umhleli wephephandaba u-Ann Landers. “Ngo-1990, abantu abangu-10 babulawa ngezibhamu e-Australia, abangu-22 eGreat Britain, abangu-68 eCanada nabangu-10 567 e-United States.” Futhi iyizwe elinezikhali eziyingozi kakhulu kunawo wonke. Abantu bakhona banezibhamu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200—cishe isibhamu esisodwa kumuntu ngamunye oyisakhamuzi kweziyizigidi ezingu-255. Izikole azivikelekile kulobubudlova. Cishe amaphesenti angu-20 abo bonke abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme aphatha uhlobo oluthile lwesikhali. Cishe izenzo zobugebengu eziyizigidi ezintathu ngonyaka zenzeka emagcekeni esikole noma eduze kwawo. Usuku ngalunye kuhlaselwa ngokomzimba othisha abangu-40, futhi abangaba ngu-900 basongelwa ngokulinyazwa. Ngokwe-National Education Association, abafundi abangu-100 000 baphatha izibhamu esikoleni usuku ngalunye, futhi ngosuku oluvamile kubulawa noma kulinyazwe ngezibhamu izingane ezingu-40. “Ukubekezelela kwethu ubudlova kungaphezu kokuvamile, futhi izikole zimane ziwubufakazi balokho,” kusho uJohn E. Richters we-National Institute of Mental Health. Omunye uthisha ofundisa isiNgisi, ngaphambili owayephumelela ekwenzeni abafundi bebanga leshumi abangamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela ukuba babhale indaba, waphumelela ekubenzeni babhale bonke lapho ebanikeza isihloko esithi “Isikhali Engisithandayo.”
Inkinga YeSonto
Ababhishobhi basentshonalanga yeCanada bacele iVatican ukuba ithambise umthetho wesonto wobumpohlo futhi ivumele abapristi abashadile ukuba bakhonze imiphakathi yabomdabu yaseziFundeni zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga. Lababhishobhi banomuzwa wokuthi izimiso zamasiko, kanye nokuntuleka kwabapristi ezifundeni zasenyakatho, kuyasivuna isicelo sabo. “Umbhishobh’ uDenis Croteau,” kubika i-Toronto Star, “uthi abantu abangama-Inuit namaDene banesimiso somkhaya esikweni labo esithi, ngaphandle kokuba indoda ishadile, yakhulisa umkhaya futhi yaba igosa, ‘ayiyena umholi futhi abantu ngeke bayilalele.’” Nakuba uPapa John Paul II nezinye izikhulu zaseVatican bakulalela ukunxusa kwalababhishobhi, akukho shintsho oluzovela. UKhadinali Jozef Tomko, umholi we-Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples yaseVatican, wathi wesaba ukuthi “abezindaba bangagxila esimweni esihlukile esivunyelwe eCanada futhi kubangele insada yezicelo e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika nakwezinye izindawo,” kusho i-Star.
Ukucindezeleka Kuyanda
“Ukuhlola okuzimele okuyishumi nambili okuhilela ukuxoxa nengqikithi yabantu abangu-43 000 emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye kuye kwaqinisekisa ukucwaninga kwangaphambili kwaseMelika ngokubonisa ukuthi izinga lokucindezeleka okukhulu liye lenyuka kancane kancane ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba phakathi nekhulu lama-20,” kusho i-Harvard Mental Health Letter. Ngemva kokuhlukanisa abahlolwa “baba amaqembu ahlelwe ngokweshumi leminyaka yokuzalwa, kuqala ngaphambi kuka-1905 kugcine ngemva kuka-1955,” cishe ukuhlola ngakunye kwabonisa ukuthi “abantu abazalwe kamuva cishe baye bacindezeleka kakhulu esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwabo.” Ukuhlola okuningi nakho kwabonisa ukwanda kancane kancane kokucindezeleka okukhulu phakathi nalelikhulu leminyaka.
Ukugcina Izingane Ziphilile
“Izingane zasenkulisa ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-230 emazweni asathuthuka, noma amaphesenti angu-43, zibhashiswa ukungondleki okubangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla kanye nezifo,” kusho umbiko wezindaba we-UN. Ngo-1993 izingane ezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezine zabulawa ukungondleki, ngokuqondile noma ngoba kwandisa ithonya lezifo ezithathelwanayo. Liyini ikhambi? I-World Health Organization itusa ukuba “zonke izinsana zinceliswe ibele kuphela kusukela lapho zizalwa kuya lapho sezinezinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala. Kamuva, izingane kufanele zinceliswe ngokuqhubekayo, kuyilapho zinikezwa okunye ukudla okufanelekile nokwanele zize zibe neminyaka emibili ubudala noma ngaphezulu.” Omama nabanakekeli bezempilo banxuswa ukuba bangazibheki ngokungafanele izindlela zokukhula kwezingane ezincela ibele njengezivimbela ukukhula bese bezinikeza okunye ukudla ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungaba ingozi kulezinsana futhi kubangele ukungondleki nezifo, ikakhulukazi lapho lokhu kudla okusha kunamagciwane futhi kungenamsoco.
Ubugqila Namuhla
Nakuba i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights ithi “akekho oyokwenziwa isigqila noma acindezelwe,” amakhulu ezigidi zabantu asahlupheka njengezigqila. Umagazini i-UN Chronicle uveza ukuthi inani labantu abaphathwa ngezindlela ezinjengezobugqila namuhla empeleni likhulu kunanenani lezigqila phakathi kwekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-18, “inkathi enkulu yokuhweba ngezigqila.” Esinye isici esishaqisayo sobugqila banamuhla siwukuthi izisulu eziningi izingane. Izingane ezineminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi ubudala zisebenza kanzima emafekthri amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-14 ngosuku. Ezinye zigqilazwa njengezisebenzi zasemakhaya, izifebe, noma amasosha. “Izisebenzi eziyizingane zifuneka kakhulu,” kubika i-UN Centre for Human Rights, “ngoba azikhokhelwa kakhulu” nangenxa yokuthi izingane “zikwesaba kakhulu ukukhononda.” I-UN iphawula ukuthi ubugqila ‘buseyiqiniso lanamuhla’ elidabukisayo.
Indlela Yokukhuluphala
Inani lamahora achithwa izingane zasenkulisa zibuka ithelevishini lihlobene ngokuqondile nokukhuluphala komzimba kwakamuva ebuntwaneni, kusho uDkt. Munro Proctor waseBoston University School of Medicine. UDkt. Proctor wenza ukuhlola kweminyaka emine ezinganeni ezingu-97 zasenkulisa lezo, ekuqaleni, ezaziphakathi kweminyaka emithathu nemihlanu ubudala. Nsuku zonke abazali babeqondisa ukubuka kwezingane zabo ithelevishini, kuyilapho kwakulinganiswa ubukhulu besikhumba emzimbeni wonke minyaka yonke. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Medical Post yaseCanada, “ingane ngayinye yayigqolozela lelibhokisi okungenani amahora amabili ngosuku. Ngehora ngalinye elengeziwe lokubuka i-TV ngosuku, isikhumba seziphanga sasishintsha ngobukhulu obuyimilimitha elingu-0,8 [i-intshi elingu-0,03] futhi ubukhulu besikhumba babushintsha ngamamilimitha angu-4,1 [i-intshi elingu-0,2].” UDkt. Proctor uphetha ngokuthi ukubuka ithelevishini kuholela ekungashukumini komzimba nezinga elincishisiwe lokugayeka kokudla futhi kuchaya izingane ezikhangisweni zokudla okunamafutha amaningi okudliwa lapho umuntu engenzi lutho.
Isiqhingi Samaholide
“IBhange [loMhlaba] ne-[International Monetary Fund] kucela uhulumeni ukuba anciphise inani lezinsuku zokuphumula eSri Lanka, okwamanje eliyizinsuku ezingu-174 kwezingu-365, ngokunokwenzeka eliyingqopha-mlando emhlabeni wonke,” kusho i-Economist. “Izwe lingathuthuka kanjani lapho izakhamuzi zalo ziseholidini isikhathi esingaba ingxenye yonyaka?” Inani eliphakeme lezinsuku zokuphumula libonisa ukuthi eSri Lanka kunezinhlanga nezinkolo ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwamaholide amahlanu avamile, kunamaholide angu-20 ezinkolo zamaBuddha, amaHindu, amaSulumane, namaKristu. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni zithola ezinye izinsuku zokuphumula ezingu-45 ngonyaka—okwenziwa amabhizinisi amaningi azimele. Nokho, umnotho waseSri Lanka uyaqhubeka ukhula. “Ezolimo ziwumgogodla womnotho futhi zincike ezimvuleni ezimbili ezina kuso sonke lesiqhingi ngezikhathi zokulima,” kusho i-Economist. “Izimvula aziphumuli.”
Ukuhamba Udakiwe
Izikhangiso zithi: “Ukuphuza nokushayela akuhlangani,” futhi abashayela bedakiwe bahlawuliswa kanzima. Nakuba bekubhekwe kakhulu abashayeli abadakiwe, akuzange kunakwe ukuhamba ngezinyawo udakiwe. Ngokwe-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, abantu abahamba ngezinyawo abangu-5 546 babulawa izimoto e-United States ngo-1992, futhi abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yalabobantu babedakiwe. Babangela izingozi zezimoto ezingamaphesenti angu-14. Kulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 ubudala, abangaba amaphesenti angu-36 babenezinga lotshwala egazini eliphakeme ngokwanele ukuba babengamangalelwa ngokushayela bedakiwe ukuba babeshayela. Okwamanje ayaziwa indlela yokuvimbela lokho kufa nokuthi ubani osengozini kakhulu.