Ukubuka Okwezwe
Kukhishwa Izisu Ezingaki?
“Emhlabeni kukhishwa izisu ezingaba izigidi ezingu-33 ngokusemthethweni unyaka ngamunye, futhi uma konke ukukhishwa kwezisu okungemthetho kunezelwa kulokhu, ingqikithi ingafinyelela phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-40 nezingu-60,” kusho iphephandaba lasekuseni laseBuenos Aires i-Clarín. “Amaphesenti angu-76 abantu basemhlabeni ahlala emazweni lapho kushoshozelwa khona ukukhishwa kwezisu ngokusemthethweni.” Inani lokuphila okuqedwa ngokukhishwa kwezisu lingaphezu kwenani labantu base-Argentina futhi lingafana nokuqothula inani labo bonke abantu basezweni elinjengeBrithani, iFrance, iGibithe, i-Italy, iNingizimu Afrika, noma iTurkey unyaka ngamunye. Lifana nenani lezisulu zayo yonke iminyaka eyisithupha yempi yezwe yesibili, elilinganiselwa kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-50.
Ingabe Iyindawo Yokuhlala Ephuma Phambili?
IZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zakhetha iCanada njengendawo yokuhlala ephuma phambili emhlabeni. “Sekungokwesibili eminyakeni emihlanu kuqoqwa umbiko iCanada idla ubhedu ohlwini lwamazwe angu-173,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Inezela ukuthi lokhu “akusho-ke ukuthi abantu baseCanada bajabulela izinga lokuphila eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni.” Kungani iCanada yabhekwa njengendawo ephuma phambili? Lombiko, owalungiselelwa i-UN Development Program, uhlela amazwe ngokwezici ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe: isilinganiso seholo, izinga lemfundo, nobude bokuphila. Abantu baseCanada baphuma isithupha ngobude bokuphila, njengoba benesilinganiso sobude bokuphila esiyiminyaka engu-77,2. ICanada yacishe yadla ubhedu lapho kuziwa emalini esetshenziselwa imfundo nokunakekela ezempilo, kanye nasekubeni nezinto ezinjengamathelevishini nezimoto.
Amaqembu AmaNdiya AseBrazil
“IBrazil isenamaqembu angu-59 amaNdiya ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele, noma angavamile ukuhlangana nabamhlophe futhi angenabungane nabo,” kubika i-Estado de S. Paulo. “Kulengqikithi, i-National Indian Foundation iye yaveza amaqembu ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980.” Kusatholakala izizwana ezintsha emahlathini ase-Amazon. Iningi lalamaNdiya ahlukanisiwe lihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangu-150 noma ngaphansi. IBrazil inezindawo zamaNdiya ezingu-532, amaqembu ezinhlanga ezingu-180 ezihlukahlukene, namaNdiya ayizinkulungwane ezingu-260. Ahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-909 705—cishe amaphesenti angu-11 ezwe laseBrazil—nakuba ingxenye yalezizindawo ingenayo imingcele emisiwe. Ngomzamo wokusiza izizwana zibumbane futhi zibhekane neziphazamiso zezwe lesimanje, izazi zendabuko yabantu bezifundisa amalungu ezizwana indlela yokusebenzisa ikhamera ye-video ukuze athwebule amasiko amadolobhana ahlala kuwo futhi abolekane amakhasethi namanye amaqembu aseduze. Muva nje, ngemva kokubonisana amafilimu awo, amaWaiapi namaZo’é ahlangana. Njengoba ekhuluma izilimi ezifanayo, axoxa ngomlando namasiko awo, kanye nezindlela zawo zokuzingela, zokwelapha, zokupheka, nezokuphotha.
Ukuhlinzwa Okuphumelelayo
“Ngeqholo elikhulu,” kusho iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Stampa, iqembu lezokwelapha elahlinza uPapa John Paul II ngo-April lathi lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenqulu “kwaba kuhle kakhulu.” Kodwa ukuhlinzwa kukapapa ophethe manje akuzange kube nemiphumela emihle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lapho ehlinzwa ngemva komzamo wokumbulala ngo-1981, kwadingeka ukuba uJohn Paul II ahlale esibhedlela izinyanga ezimbili ukuze elashwe isifo esingathi sína se-cytomegalovirus esabangelwa ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ngakho, akumangalisi ukuthi, nakuba manje, ngokwe-Stampa, “opha kakhulu,” akazange afakwe igazi. Kunalokho, leliphepha liyaphawula, “igazi likaPapa lalondolozwa, lacwengwa, laphinde lampontshelwa phakathi nokuhlinzwa.”
Alikho Ithemba Lekhambi Lengculaza
INgqungquthela Yeshumi Yezizwe Zonke Yengculaza, eyabanjelwa eJapane ngo-August nyakenye, yaphawula ukuthi imizamo yokwenza imijovo yokuvimbela ingculaza nokwenza izidakamizwa zokuyelapha cishe ihluleke yonke, futhi ayikho elindelekile ekupheleni kwalelishumi leminyaka. “Simane nje sisekuqaleni kobhadane lwe-H.I.V. emhlabeni,” kusho uDkt. James Curran we-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention e-Atlanta, eGeorgia. Kwathiwa kunabantu abanaleligciwane abangaba izigidi ezingu-17 emhlabeni wonke, okuyizigidi ezintathu ngaphezu konyaka owandulele. Ngokudabukisayo, isigidi esisodwa salelinani kwakungabantwana. Uma kuqhubeka ngalesisilinganiso, ingqikithi yabantu abayizigidi ezisukela kwezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-40 bayobe benaleligciwane ngonyaka ka-2000, kusho i-World Health Organization. Inani labantu abanengculaza landa ngamaphesenti angu-60 ezinyangeni ezingu-12, okwenza ingqikithi yamaphakathi no-1994 yaba izigidi ezine, kuhlanganise nasebefile. Kungathatha iminyaka eyishumi kusukela ekungenweni i-HIV ukuba kuqale ukubonakala izimpawu zengculaza. Ngenxa yentuthuko ehamba kancane ekulweni nalolubhadane olwandayo, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi ingqungquthela yengculaza iyobanjwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kunokuba ibanjwe minyaka yonke, njengoba umhlangano olandelayo uhlelelwe ukuba ngo-July 1996 eVancouver, eBritish Columbia, eCanada.
Abantwana Bathinteka Besebancane
“Ukuthambekela komntwana ngezwe kuxhomeke kakhulu ezingeni lokunakekelwa akutholayo ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka emithathu ubudala, nakho okunethonya ekuthuthukeni kokusebenza kwezinzwa nokuzethemba komntwana nekhono lakhe lokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuphumelelayo,” kubika i-Globe and Mail yaseToronto. “Abantwana abaphila ezimweni zezomnotho nezenhlalo ezimpofu banamathuba amancane okukhula babe abantu abadala abaphumelelayo, abazinzile.” NgokukaDkt. Fraser Mustard, umongameli we-Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, abantwana abanjalo cishe bayosishiya phansi isikole futhi bathambekele ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngobudlova. Wathi: “Ukuthi uwahlakulela kahle kangakanani amakhono okubhekana nezinkinga kunethonya elikhulu ekhonweni lakho lokuzivumelanisa nezimo.” I-Globe ithi ukuhlola okwenziwa iYale University ne-University of Montreal kubonisa ukuthi “ukusebenzelana okunenjongo kwabazali nabantwana kuyinzuzo kakhulu ekukhuleni komntwana ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo.”
Qaphelisisa Lapho Usohambweni
Lapho usohambweni, qaphela okwenzekayo endaweni ekuzungezile. “Amasela ezimpahla nabakhuthuzi bazithanda kakhulu izihambi ezinganakile,” kuxwayisa umagazini waseBrazil i-Claúdia. Ngokufanayo, “uma othile ekushayisa noma ekuchaphazela ngokuthile, qaphela. Lawa amasu adumile okukuphazamisa.” Qaphela futhi uma othile ecela ukwaziswa noma usizo. Ukuphazamiseka okuncane kungakulahlekisela izimpahla zakho. Ngokuka-Adriano Caleiro we-International Airport yaseSão Paulo, kudingeka ukunaka okukhethekile lapho ubhalisa amapotimende ekufikeni kwakho esikhumulweni sezindiza, usayina amaphepha endaweni yokuqashisa ngezimoto, uma ufika noma uhamba ehhotela, uhlalisa abantwana ethekisini, ubuka okuthile emafasiteleni asesitolo, noma uphuza inkomishi yekhofi. Lomagazini ukuxwayisa ukuba ushintshe izingidi ngokushesha uma kwebiwe okhiye bakho. Isela lingase lithi lizitholile izimpahla zakho lize libuyise konke obekulahlekile, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi selizenzele abanye okhiye ukuze lihlasele ikhaya lakho kamuva.
Akuhloswe Lutho Olubi
Abantu abavakashela eJapane ababona izimpawu ezithi “Izivakashi Azifuneki” akufanele baphatheke kabi futhi bathukuthele, kusho i-Japan Helpline, esingatha izikhalazo. Eqinisweni iningi lalezizimpawu lifakwa abantu abazama ukusiza. Isibonelo salendlela yokucabanga ilencazelo eyanikezwa umnikazi wesitolo esincane semishini yama-electron endaweni yase-Akihabara eTokyo: “Njengoba zingekho [izilimi zakwamanye amazwe] engizaziyo, ngiye ngababangela izinkathazo abantu abaningi abangasazi isiJapane abangena esitolo sami. Ngacabanga ukuthi into engcono kakhulu engingayenza ukufaka loluphawu ukuze abantu bangaphazamiseki.” I-Asahi Evening News yabika: “Ezimweni eziningi kukhethwa abantu abangazange basebenzelane nabantu abangewona amaJapane futhi ngalokho abacabanga ukuthi ukwenqaba kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokusingatha lesisimo.”
Abafuthi Abafundile Abamabhadubhadu
Lapho ikhipha isikhangiso sokuthola abantu abangu-76 abazobulala amagundane, i-Bombay Municipal Corporation yabhekana nenkinga. “Iningi labafaka izicelo abangaphezu kuka-40 000 abantu abathweswa iziqu, abafunda ibanga leshumi nabashiya phansi ekolishi, kuyilapho indinganiso yemfundo enqumayo yombulali wamagundane kuyimfundo nje yasesikoleni esiphansi,” kubika i-Indian Express. Esinye isikhulu sabuza: “Singammisa kanjani umuntu othweswe iziqu abe umbulali wamagundane?” Amagundane afunwa ebusuku futhi abulawe ngesagila ngenkokhelo yama-rupee angu-100 (ngaphezu nje kwamaRandi angu-11) ngalawo nalawomagundane angu-25 asanda kubulawa. Lenhlangano ifuna “icebo elingcono lokuqasha izisebenzi.” Kodwa lena akuyona kuphela inkinga izikhulu zomphakathi ebezibhekene nayo. Zibhekene nenkinga engokwenkolo futhi. Amalungu enkolo yobuJain, kanye nabanye abamelene nokubulawa kwezilwane, bebefumbathisa lezizisebenzi ukuba ngomusa zingawabulali amagundane.