Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukuthunywa Kokuthula Okubulalayo

Iphephandaba laseJalimane I-Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung libika ukuthi kuze kube manje, kuye kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane kuyilapho behileleke ekuthunyweni kokugcina ukuthula kweZizwe Ezihlangene. Lesi sibalo asibahlanganisi labo abalahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo phakathi nokuthunywa kwempi kwe-UN, njengaseMpini yaseGulf. Kulaba abangu-1 000 abafa, abangaphezu kuka-200 babulawa ngo-1993 kuphela. Kungani bebaningi kangaka? Leli phepha lachaza ukuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene sezihileleka ohlotsheni oluhlukile lwempi. Nakuba esikhathini esidlule iZizwe Ezihlangene zazingenela futhi zilamule izimpi eziphakathi kwamazwe, lenhlangano manje ihileleke “ezimpini zombango, lapho igunya likahulumeni lihlukana phakathi khona futhi ngisho nezinhlangano ezihileleke empini zingakwazi ukuvikela izisebenzi ze-UN.”

Ukugula Kwezingane Ngokwengqondo

Ngokwe-Sunday Times, ezikoleni zaseGreat Britain, izingane ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyishumi ubudala nezingaba ngu-1 200 ezineminyaka ephakathi kweyishumi nengu-14 ubudala zilashelwa isifo sengqondo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla; nezinga lokuzibulala nalo liyenyuka, njengoba nezingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala zisongela ngokuthi zizozibulala. Abanye ochwepheshe bempilo engokwengqondo bacabanga ukuthi enye yezimbangela ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana okunenjongo phakathi kwezingane nabazali bazo. Baphawula ukuthi izingane eziningi ziphila emakhaya abuswa ithelevishini. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane azikwazi ukuxoxa futhi zihlanganyele izinkathazo zazo nabazali bazo. Omunye uchwepheshe waphawula ukuthi ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungabangela “[ukuba] izinkathazo zinqwabelane futhi ekugcineni ingane ingajabuli.”

Ukweqa Amarobhothi

Ngokwephephandaba laseBuenos Aires i-Clarin, e-Argentina kwaba nezingozi zezimoto ezingathi sína ezingu-7 700 phakathi no-1994. Lezi zingozi zalimaza kabi abantu abangu-13 505 futhi zabulala abangu-9 120. Ukuhlola okwenziwa inhlangano ethile kahulumeni kuye kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-90 azo zonke izingozi zezimoto abangelwa ukwephula imithetho yomgwaqo kwabashayeli nabantu abahamba ngezinyawo. Izingozi ezivame kakhulu emadolobheni ukungqubuzana ezinhlangothini okubangelwa ukweqa irobhothi libomvu. U-Eduardo Bertotti, isikhulu sikahulumeni, waphawula ukuthi nakuba kwamanye amazwe kungenakwenzeka ukweqa irobhothi libomvu, e-Argentina “akuyona nje into eyinsakavukela kuphela kodwa kunabantu abaze bazigqaje ngokukwenza.”

Ubudlova Bentsha

Iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, i-United States iye yaba nenani elehlayo lobugebengu obungathi sína obubikwayo. Nokho, inani lentsha eyenza ubugebengu liyanda, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha eneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-14 nengu-17 ubudala. Abanye ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ubugebengu obunobudlova buyobhebhetheka njengoba inani lentsha landa. Omunye uchwepheshe, uJames Alan Fox, waseCollege of Criminal Justice eNortheastern University eBoston, waphawula ukuthi “inani lentsha e-United States liyokwenyuka ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, njengoba kuyoba namaphesenti angu-23 entsha eyengeziwe ngo-2005,” kubika i-New York Times. UFox uxwayisa ngokuthi “uma singasithathi manje isinyathelo, lapho izingane zethu zisezincane futhi zisafundiseka, singase ngempela sibe nentsha echitha igazi eliningi ngobudlova ngonyaka ka-2005.”

Ukungabhapathizi Abafileyo

Muva nje abasinda ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe samaJuda bashaqeka lapho bethola ukuthi ezinye izihlobo zabo zazibhapathizwe njengamaMormon esikhathini eside ngemva kokufa kwazo. I-New York Times yabika ngomkhuba “wokubhapathiza abantu abafileyo njengamaMormon bemelelwa amalungu esonto aphilayo.” AmaMormon ayetholé amagama amaJuda angaba ngu-380 000 ayefele emakamu okuhlushwa noma aba izisulu zokuQothulwa Kwesizwe ngandlela-thile. Khona-ke, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, awabhapathiza emikhosini okwakucwiliswa kuyo emanzini amalungu esonto awamelele kuyilapho kufundwa amagama abafileyo. Ezinye izinhlangano zamaJuda ziye zamelana nalenqubo. Ngenxa yalokho, abaholi bamaMormon baye bavuma ukucisha ohlwini lwabo lwamaMormon abhapathiziwe amagama ezisulu zokuQothula Kwesizwe samaJuda eziye zenzelwa imikhosi enjalo.

Ukucindezeleka EHong Kong

I-Medical Post ibika ukuthi ukuhlola kwamuva nje okuye kwaxoxwa kukho nabantu abangu-5 000 basemazweni angu-16 ahlukahlukene kwembule ukuthi iHong Kong iyidolobha elinokucindezeleka okukhulu emhlabeni. Kwabaningi, lokhu kucindezeleka kubangelwa umsebenzi. Umcwaningi uDkt. David Warburton, wase-University of Reading eNgilandi, uphawula ukuthi “amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 amadoda aseHong Kong namaphesenti angu-64 abesifazane ayekhala ngokucindezeleka emsebenzini, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-54 abantu emhlabeni wonke.” Abantu baseHong Kong abangamaphesenti angaba ngu-41 okwaxoxwa nabo babenomuzwa wokuthi imisebenzi yabo ibangela isithukuthezi uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-14 kwamanye amazwe. I-Post inezela ukuthi “umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu eHong Kong (uma kuqhathaniswa nongaphansi koyedwa kwabayishumi emhlabeni wonke) wathi ukungamthandi umqashi wakhe kwakuyimbangela eyinhloko yokucindezeleka emsebenzini.”

Imishini Kagesi Iyasoleka

Ngokwe-FDA Consumer, umagazini we-U.S. Food and Drug Administration, imishini yezokwelapha ingaphazamiseka lapho iphazanyiswa amaza kagesi, njengalawo avela ocingweni oluphathwayo oluseduze. Lomagazini uthi: “Ezinye izibhedlela zaseYurophu kakade ziye zanqabela izingcingo eziphathwayo ezakhiweni zazo, futhi i-FDA iye yakhuthaza izibhedlela zase-United States ukuba zithathe isinyathelo esifanayo uma kudingekile.” Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuphazamisa kwamaza kagesi kubangela izingozi eziningi lapho imishini yezokwelapha esindisa ukuphila njengama-pacemaker nama-apnea monitor iye yaphazamiseka khona. I-FDA Consumer iyaxwayisa: “Iziguli nodokotela abavame ukusebenzisa imishini yezokwelapha efa kalula kufanele bayiqaphele lenkinga futhi bacabangele ukuqhelisa izingcingo eziphathwayo emishinini yabo.” Ukuphazamisa kwamaza kagesi kungabangelwa nayizimiso zama-computer ezingenazintambo, izimpawu ze-microwave, amaza omsakazo nethelevishini, ama-pager, neminye imishini kagesi. Abacwaningi bafuna izindlela zokunciphisa lolu songo.

Inganekwane Yokuxhumana Okungatholakali

Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zifuna ubufakazi bemivubukulo obusekela inkolelo-mbono yokuthi umuntu wavela enkawini. Nokho, iphephandaba laseParis i-Monde lithi “izinkolelo-mbono ngendabuko yomuntu ziye zanyakaziswa” ukutholakala kwezingcezu zamathambo angu-90 eTopiya abonakala ngokombono wezazi zemivubukulo eyizinsalela zohlaka lwamathambo omuntu omdala. Ngokwalezi zazi, inkinga iwukuthi lemivubukulo emisha ayivumelani nanoma iyiphi yezinkolelo-mbono ezizama ukubonisa ukuxhumana phakathi komuntu nezinkawu. Kunalokho, lemivubukulo iye yaphakamisa imibuzo eminingi kunaleyo eye yayiphendula. I-Monde ithi abanye abacwaningi baye baphetha ngokuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuxhumana okungatholakali phakathi komuntu nenkawu kungase kube “inganekwane nje.”

Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zama-computer Ziyatholakala Ezinganeni

Njengoba izikole zase-Australia zixhumana nenxanxathela yokwaziswa yembulunga yonke i-Internet, zixhumana futhi nalokho okungase kube ingozi yokuziphatha. Ngokwephephandaba i-Sydney Morning Herald, zingathola “izithombe ezingcolile zobulili zabantwana abanqunu, imibuthano yokuzitika ngobulili, amafilimu e-video ezikhungo zobufebe ezixhunyanisiwe, ‘iqoqo lamalungelo’ abantu abafisa ukuhlanganyela ubulili nezilwane—nokwaziswa ngendlela yokujoyina ‘ingxoxo’ yokushaya indlwabu.” Lesi sihloko siyanezela: “Kwakungadingeki izinombolo zemvume noma ubufakazi bobudala—kwakudingeka isimiso esivamile nje sokuxhumana.” Ochwepheshe bathi akunakwenzeka ukunqabela izinto ezingafanele ezikulesi simiso “ngoba saklanywa . . . i-US Defence Department ukuze sisinde empini yenuzi.” Lokhu kwaziswa akugcinwanga ngokucoceka endaweni eyodwa kodwa kutholakala ezinkulungwaneni zezinqolobane zokwaziswa emhlabeni wonke. Muva nje umcwaningi othile waseSweden ubale imiyalezo noma izithombe ezingu-5 651 eziphathelene nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili zezingane emaqenjini amane kuphela ezindaba ngesonto elilodwa.

Abapristi Abakhathazekile

“Amaphesenti angu-50 abapristi abeza kimi bezolashelwa ukuphazamiseka ngokwengqondo anezinkinga zobulili,” kusho uValerio Albisetti, esinye sezazi zengqondo ezaziwayo esingumKatolika wase-Italy, ngokwephephandaba i-Repubblica. Ngaphezu kwanoma yini, isifiso sobulili nesidingo sokuba obaba kuyizinto eziwahluphayo lamadoda, anesibopho sobumpohlo uJohn Paul II aphinde wasigcizelela muva nje. U-Albisetti usikisela ukuba amadoda akhuthazwe ukuba angenele ubupristi lapho esevuthiwe futhi kunyuswe ubudala bokwamukelwa ezikoleni zobufundisi. Ubonisa ukuthi “kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni engokwengqondo nasekuhluzekeni kwengqondo yompristi wesikhathi esizayo” ukuphila isikhathi sobusha bakhe “ezindaweni ezingenabo abesifazane.” Ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlobene nobulili, u-Albisetti uphawula ukuthi “abefundisi ngokuvamile bahlushwa ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengqondo nokudla ngokweqile.”