I-hula—Umdanso Wasehawaii

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EHAWAII

UMA uphatha iHawaii kuvame ukufika i-hula engqondweni. Nakuba i-hula ihlanganiswa neHawaii yodwa, umsuka wayo useNingizimu Pacific emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambili.

Ezikhathini zasendulo abantu baseHawaii babengenalo ulimi olubhalwa phansi, ngakho babesebenzisa izingoma namahubo ukuze balandise umlando namasiko abo. I-hula, okunyakaziswa kuyo izinqulu, izandla, nezinyawo, kuhlanganise nokushintsha isimo sobuso, yayihambisana nalamahubo nezingoma.

Ayikho indlela yokufakazela noma yini eyayihlangene ne-hula ngaphambi kuka-1778, lapho uKaputen’ uCook nabantu ayenabo befika. Lokho okwaziwayo namuhla ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe emikhubeni, ezingomeni, nasemahubweni angasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-hula okuqala ayeyimikhuba engcwele. Nokho akucatshangwa ukuthi wonke ama-hula ayeyizenzo zokukhulekela noma ingxenye yenkonzo engokwenkolo.

Ithonya Lezithunywa Zevangeli

Ekhulwini leminyaka le-18 nele-19 i-hula yayenzelwa abahloli bamazwe namatilosi emikhunjini yezivakashi. Kungenzeka ukuthi lamakhasimende akhokhayo ayefuna ukuba lama-hula avuse inkanuko yobulili.

Lapho izithunywa zevangeli zifika ngo-1820, zazinesizathu esiqinile sokuyilahla i-hula. Ngemva kokuthola imvume yamakhosi, lezi zithunywa zevangeli zahlasela i-hula njengewubuqaba, ukungcola—nomsebenzi kaDeveli. Ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, ngo-1819, iNdlovukazi uRegent Kaahumanu, umfelokazi weNkosi uKamehameha I, yaletha izinguquko emikhubeni engokwenkolo yasendulo. Zazihlanganisa ukubhidlizwa kwezithombe nokuqedwa kwemikhuba enemicikilisho. Imidanso namahubo amaningi nako kwalahleka unomphela.

UKaahumanu wamukelwa esontweni ngo-1825. Ngo-1830 wakhipha isimemezelo esasenqabela ukudanswa kwe-hula ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1832, amanye amakhosi asishaya indiva lesi simemezelo. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa, lapho imingcele yokuziphatha idelelwa obala iNkosi eseyintsha uKamehameha III nabangane bayo, i-hula yaphinde yathandwa okwesikhashana. Kodwa ngo-1835 lenkosi yavuma ukuthi izindlela zayo zazingalungile, futhi umbuso wabuyela ezandleni zamaCalvinist.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Hula

Phakathi nokubusa kweNkosi uKalakaua (1874-91), i-hula yaphinde yavuka isivunyelwe ngokugcwele ukuba idanswe ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lapho ithweswa umqhele ngo-1883, izinyanga eziningi zokuziqeqesha nenjabulo zaphetha ngokuculwa kwamahubo nangemidanso ye-hula eminingi, eminye eyayisungulelwe leso senzakalo ngokukhethekile. Lapho ifa ngo-1891, i-hula yase inezinguquko eziningi eminyakazweni yezinyawo neyomzimba, futhi kwase kungeniswe izinsimbi zomculo ezihambisana nayo njenge-ukulele, isiginci, ne-violin.

Ngemva kokuphela kokubusa kwamakhosi ngo-1893, i-hula yaphinde yancipha. Nokho, maphakathi naleli khulu lama-20, yase ichuma. Ukuze ikhange ezithamelini ezihlukahlukene ngokwengeziwe, kwafakwa izinto eziningi ezintsha. Njengoba abaningi babengaluqondi ulimi lwaseHawaii, kwasetshenziswa amagama esiNgisi. I-hula yanamuhla yayigcizelela kakhulu umdanso ngokwawo—ukunyakaziswa kwezandla nezinyawo, ukuzungeziswa kwezinqulu, nesimo sobuso.

Njengoba inani labavakashela kulesi siqhingi lalanda, i-hula yaqhubeka ithandwa kakhulu. Izihambi ezivela eNyakatho Melika zabuyela emuva nemidanso ezaziyifundile zase ziqala ukuyiveza kumabhayisikobho aseHollywood idanswa abadansi abangebona abaseHawaii. Ngo-1935 ngisho noMinnie Mouse wadansa i-hula edansela uMickey, owayedlala isiginci sakhe sohlobo lwaseHawaii.

I-hula Namuhla

Phakathi “neNkathi Yempucuko yaseHawaii” ngawo-1970, ulwazi lwabahubi abambalwa, abadansi, nabafundisi abayizingcweti lwaba isisekelo sokuvuselela izinhlobo ze-hula ezindala. Namuhla kunezingcweti ze-hula ezivuselela imidanso emidala nalezo ezisungula emisha. Zonkana, imizamo yazo iye yaphumela emidansweni eyinkimbinkimbi nekhangayo.

Ubuhlobo obungokomoya nonkulunkulu abaningi baseHawaii ngezinga elithile buye badlulela ezikhathini zanamuhla. Unyaka ngamunye ngaphambi kokuba kuqale iMerrie Monarch Festival eba seHilo, eHawaii, amaqembu abadansi be-hula athatha uhambo lwawo oluya endaweni engcwele aye esigodini somlilo sikaPele noma endaweni okusanda kugeleza kuyo ubishi lwentaba-mlilo. Ayahuba, adanse, futhi enze iminikelo yezimbali, izithelo, notshwala, ecela izibusiso zakhe emizamweni yawo emncintiswaneni. Amaqembu avela kuwo wonke umhlaba ayancintisana emncintiswaneni othatha ubusuku obuthathu obhekwa njengama-Olympic e-hula.

I-hula iye yaba ingxenye enkulu yokuvuselelwa kwamasiko eHawaii. Ihlanganisa imidanso engacacile ehambisana namahubo anikeza inhlonipho konkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi kanye namazwi alula okuphila kwansuku zonke kwasesiqhingini angahlobene nakancane nenkolo.

AmaKristu kufanele akhethe ngempela lapho edansa noma ebuka ama-hula athile. Kudingeka aqiniseke ukuthi awakhulekeli unkulunkulu noma unkulunkulukazi othile engazi. Kufanele kuqashelwe nalapho kulalelwa noma kuculwa izingoma noma amahubo. Okuningi kwako kunamazwi anencazelo ecashile noma ekabili. Uma kukhunjulwa lokhu, umuntu obukela noma owenza i-hula angayijabulela njengendlela yokuzijabulisa enempilo.