“Umbhoshongo Oculayo” Wase-Australia
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-AUSTRALIA
UBUCIKO, ubuchwepheshe, nesayensi kuye kwahlangana emkhakheni wezomculo ukuze kukhiqize izinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi zomculo zezinga eliphezulu. Kodwa nakuba kungenzeka ayaziwa amavayolini ka-Antonius Stradivarius nemitshingo kaTheobald Böhm, ngokuvamile kuncane okwaziwayo nge-carillon ebabazekayo.
Kodwa iyini i-carillon, futhi idlalwa kanjani? Ukuvakashela enye yama-carillon amakhulu emhlabeni kuyosikhanyisela futhi mhlawumbe kuyojulisa ukwazisa kwethu umculo wayo oyingqayizivele.
Insimbi Yomculo Enkulukazi
I-carillon iphakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ingeyasendulo. Ngokuvamile iba sembhoshongweni wezinsimbi futhi ngenxa yalokho kuye kwabhekiselwa kuyo ngokufanele ngokuthi “umbhoshongo oculayo.” I-carillon nombhoshongo wezinsimbi waseCanberra, enhloko-dolobha yase-Australia, kwakuyisipho somkhosi esivela kuhulumeni waseGreat Britain ngo-1963 sokugubha ukusungulwa nokwethiwa kwaleli dolobha eminyakeni engu-50 ngaphambi kwalokho. Le-carillon ise-Aspen Island enkabeni yeLake Burley Griffin ekhangayo.
Lombhoshongo wezinsimbi ongamamitha angu-50 ukuphakama unezinsika ezintathu ezingunxantathu, ngayinye emalungana nohlangothi lukanxantathu ophakathi onezinhlangothi ezilinganayo. Phakathi kwalezi zinsika ezintathu phezulu kunezitezi eziphethe i-carillon ngokwayo.
Ikheshi elikulombhoshongo lisiyisa esitezi sokuqala, lapho sibona khona uphiyano olubili olukhulu, olufana no-ogani. Olokuqala lwenzelwe ngokukhethekile i-carillonneur, njengoba ebizwa kanjalo umdlali, lapho iprakthiza khona izingoma zayo. Izingxenye ezikhalisa lolu phiyano zimane zishaye ezinsimbini ezikhipha umsindo.
Cishe ngemva kwalolu phiyano lokuprakthiza kukhona u-ogani lwangempela lwe-carillon. Kodwa akulona uphiyano oluvamile, ngoba lunezinkinobho ze-oki ezinkulu eziyindilinga, ezingaba amasentimitha amabili ubukhulu. Uhlu olungenhla lwezinkinobho lumelela izinkinobho ezimnyama ezivamile zophiyano noma u-ogani. Zingamasentimitha angu-9 ukuphakama, kuyilapho uhlu olungezansi (olumelela izinkinobho zophiyano ezimhlophe) luphakeme ngamasentimitha angaba ngu-17. Nokho, ngokungafani nomdlali wophiyano noma u-ogani, i-carillonneur ayisebenzisi iminwe yayo kodwa idlala ngezandla ezifumbathiwe. Yingakho lezi zinkinobho ziqhelelene—ukuze umdlali angathinti ezinye izinkinobho lapho edlala.
Umshini Omkhulu Ngempela
Ngaphezu kophiyano olukhulu, kunezintambo ezikhuphukela esitezi esingenhla, futhi inkinobho ngayinye yezingxenye ze-octave zamanothi amane nengxenye ixhunywe ocingweni oluhlukile okwazi ukushintsha inothi kulo. Ukuze sithole ukuthi zonke lezi zingcingo ziphelelaphi, sigibela ikheshi sinyukele ngenhla. Lapha kulenga izinsimbi ezimbili ezinkulu, ngayinye enesisindo esingamathani angaba isithupha. Khona-ke, lapho sibheka phakathi kwalezi zinsimbi, sibona ngenhla kwazo kulenga ezinye izinsimbi ezingu-51 ezikhuphuka njalo kuze kube insimbi encane kunazo zonke, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-7 kuphela.
Zonke lezi zinsimbi zibekwe ngobunyoninco ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka komsindo, ngezinye izikhathi okubangelwa ukunkeneneza okukhulu kwezinye izinsimbi. Insimbi ngayinye, enesingqongqozo sensimbi ngaphakathi, inyakaziswa ucingo oluxhunywe enkinobhweni ngayinye yophiyano olungezansi. Ukuqina kwezinkinobho kulungiswa kahle ukuze kuvumelane nekhono le-carillonneur ngayinye kanye nezimo zezulu ezikhona.
Amanye Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
Izinsimbi ze-carillon yaseCanberra zenziwa lapho kusungulwa iJohn Taylor and Company yaseNgilandi futhi ziyizibonelo ezinhle zekhulu lama-20 zobuciko basendulo. Lezi zinsimbi zingashaya umculo ofinyelela ngaphesheya kwechibi kuze kuyofinyelela ezingadini nasemapaki abuqamama.
Lena akuyona i-carillon enkulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kodwa njengoba inezinsimbi ezingu-53, iphezulu ohlwini, ngoba ama-carillon amaningi anezinsimbi ezingu-23 kuya kwezingu-48. Nokho, i-carillon enkulu kunawo wonke iseNew York City. Inezinsimbi ezingu-74. Futhi inensimbi ekhipha umsindo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lensimbi inesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angu-18 futhi ishaya inothi eliphansi u-C, kuyilapho i-carillon yaseCanberra inenothi eliphakeme u-F.
Manje ake sijabulele ikhonsathi ye-carillonneur. Sizohlala ezingadini ezibuqamama? Lapha ngeke sizwe kuphela umculo obabazekayo “wombhoshongo oculayo” kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo siyojabulela izimangaliso zendalo ezisizungezile. Ukuzola komoya wakusihlwa nokuphakama kwezinsimbi kuveza umculo wobunyoninco, ogcwalisa izinhliziyo zethu ngokwazisa ngesipho saphezulu somculo.
[Isithombe ekhasini 25]
Izinsimbi ezisembhoshongweni