Ukubuyela Ezindleleni Zakudala Zokulwa Nomalaleveva
Njengoba ukunaka kwezwe kugxile ezimpini zombango, ubugebengu, ukusweleka kwemisebenzi nezinye izinhlekelele, ukufa ngenxa kamalaleveva akuzona neze izindaba ezisematheni. Nakuba kunjalo, cishe ingxenye yenani labantu emhlabeni, kusho i-World Health Organization (WHO), iphila ngaphansi kosongo lukamalaleveva namuhla, futhi abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-300 kuya kwezingu-500 baphathwa yiwo unyaka ngamunye, okwenza umalaleveva “ube isifo esisakazeke nesibulala kunazo zonke izifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo.” Ubulala kangakanani?
Njalo emizuzwaneni engu-20 othile ubulawa umalaleveva. Lesi sibalo senza inani lezisulu ezifayo libe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1,5 unyaka ngamunye—okuyinani elilingana nelabantu besizwe sase-Afrika eBotswana. Abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi bayafa ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, lapho izisulu eziningi kuyizingane ezisencane. Emazweni aseMelika, i-WHO yathola inani labantu abaphethwe umalaleveva liphakeme kakhulu endaweni yase-Amazon. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nezinye izinguquko zendawo ezungezile kuye kwashiya izisulu zikamalaleveva kuleyo ngxenye yomhlaba. Kweminye imiphakathi yase-Amazon eBrazil, inkinga iye yadlondlobala kangangokuba izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-500 kwezingu-1000 ziye zangenwa yilesi sifo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuse-Afrika, e-Asia, emazweni aseMelika noma kwenye indawo, umalaleveva ngokuyinhloko uhlasela abantu abampofu kakhulu. Laba bantu, kuphawula i-WHO, “abanamithola-mpilo, abakwazi ukuzivikela bona siqu futhi bahlala ezindaweni eziqhelelene kakhulu nezindawo ezihleliwe zokunqanda umalaleveva.” Noma kunjalo, usizi lwalabo bantu abampofu alulona olungenathemba. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-TDR News, iphephandaba elicwaninga ngezifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, ithi enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukufa ngenxa kamalaleveva isitholakala kalula kakhulu. Igama lalesi sihlengi-kuphila? Amanetha afakwa emibhedeni anesibulala-zinambuzane.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Amanetha
Nakuba ukusebenzisa amanetha afakwa emibhedeni kuwukubuyela ekhambini lakudala, uDkt. Ebrahim Samba, ongumqondisi wehhovisi le-WHO elise-Afrika, watshela i-Panos Features, iphephandaba le-Panos Institute, ukuthi ukuhlola okwenziwa kokubona ukuthi amanetha afakwa emibhedeni ayaphumelela yini ekulweni nomalaleveva kuye kwaveza “imiphumela ejabulisa kakhulu.” Ngokwesibonelo, eKenya, ukusebenzisa amanetha afakwe isibulala-zinambuzane esingenangozi kuye kwalehlisa izinga labantu abafayo, hhayi nje ababulawa umalaleveva, abayingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu phakathi kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ngaphandle kokusindisa ukuphila, “amanetha angawunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wemithola-mpilo” ngoba zimbalwa iziguli eziyodinga ukwelashelwa umalaleveva esibhedlela.
Nokho, iyodwa inkinga okusafanele ixazululwe: Ubani okufanele akhokhele lamanetha? Lapho abantu kwesinye isizwe sase-Afrika becelwa ukuba baphonse itshe esivivaneni, abaningi benqaba. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba emazweni achitha imali engaphansi kuka-R25 ngomuntu ngamunye kwezempilo, ngisho nenetha lomiyane—linaso noma lingenaso isibulala-zinambuzane—limba eqolo. Nokho, njengoba lendlela yokuvimbela lesi sifo iyodla uhulumeni izindleko ezincane kunokwelapha iziguli eziphethwe umalaleveva, ochwepheshe be-UN baphawula ukuthi “ukwaba nokukhokhela amanetha afakwa emibhedeni kuyoba ukusetshenziswa kahle kakhulu kwezimali ezilinganiselwe zikahulumeni.” Impela, ngohulumeni, ukulungiselela amanetha afakwa emibhedeni kungase kube indlela yokonga izimali. Nokho, ngezigidigidi zezakhamuzi zabo ezimpofu, kusho okungaphezu kwalokho—kusho ukusindisa ukuphila kwazo.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 31]
CDC, Atlanta, Ga.