Okufanele Ukwazi Ngomalaleveva
I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2013, bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-198 abantu abangenwa umalaleveva nokuthi bayizinkulungwane ezingu-584 ababulawa yiwo. Cishe kubantu abahlanu ababa yizisulu zawo, abane kubo kwakuyizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Lesi sifo siwusongo ezindaweni ezingaba yikhulu emhlabeni wonke, okubeka abantu abangaba izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,2 engcupheni.
1 UYINI UMALALEVEVA?
Umalaleveva isifo esingena ngamagciwane. Izimpawu zikamalaleveva zihlanganisa ukushisa komzimba, ukuzwela amakhaza, ukujuluka, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukuqaqamba komzimba, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonakale njalo ngemva kwamahora angu-48 kuye kwangu-72, kuye ngohlobo lwegciwane kanye nokuthi sekuyisikhathi esingakanani umuntu enalo.
2 USAKAZEKA KANJANI UMALALEVEVA?
Amagciwane kamalaleveva—ama-protozoa abizwa ngokuthi ama-Plasmodia—angena egazini lomuntu ngokulunywa umiyane wensikazi obizwa ngokuthi i-Anopheles.
La magciwane ahlasela amangqamuzana esibindi bese ayanda.
Lapho ingqamuzana lesibindi liqhuma, likhipha la magciwane abe esehlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Nalapho, la magciwane ayaqhubeka ande ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Lapho ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi liqhuma, likhipha la magciwane abe esephinda ehlasela amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
Lo mjikelezo wokuhlaselwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu nokuqhuma kwawo uyaqhubeka. Izimpawu zikamalaleveva zibonakala isikhathi ngasinye lapho kuqhuma ingqamuzana legazi elibomvu.
3 UNGAZIVIKELA KANJANI?
Uma uhlala ezweni elikhungethwe umalaleveva . . .
Sebenzisa inetha elivimba omiyane. Kufanele
libe nomuthi wokubulala izinambuzane.
lingabi nezimbobo futhi lingadabuki ndawo.
ulishutheke kahle ngaphansi kukamatilasi.
Sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele endlini.
Uma kungenzeka, faka izisefo emnyango nasemafasiteleni futhi usebenzise nesiphephetha-moya okungase kuxoshe omiyane.
Gqoka izingubo ezinemibala ekhanyayo, ezimboza wonke umzimba.
Noma nini uma kungenzeka, zigweme izindawo ezingamahlokozi ezinomiyane abaningi namanzi amile lapho bezalela khona.
Uma usungenwe umalaleveva, thola usizo lokwelashwa ngokushesha.
Uma uhlela ukuvakashela endaweni ekhungethwe umalaleveva . . .
Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe thola ukwaziswa kwakamuva. Uhlobo lwegciwane likamalaleveva elivamile endaweni ethile lungase lungafani nolwakwenye indawo, futhi lokhu kuyaluthinta nohlobo lwemithi evame ukuwunqoba. Kuyoba ukuhlakanipha nokuxoxa nodokotela wakho ngezinto okufanele uziqaphele ngenxa yempilo yakho.
Lapho usufikile endaweni ovakashela kuyo, landela iziqondiso ezikulesi sihloko ezibhalelwe abantu abahlala ezweni elikhungethwe umalaleveva.
Uma ungenwa umalaleveva, thola ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Phawula ukuthi izimpawu zingase zivele phakathi nesonto elilodwa kuya kwamane ngemva kokungenwa igciwane.