Ukuhlasela Asebekhulile

UNGALENZI iphutha. Izingcweti zokukhohlisa ziyawazi umsebenzi wazo. Ziyazazi izinto ezibangela ukuba asebekhulile ikakhulukazi babe izisulu ezikhangayo zokukhohliswa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala bangamaphesenti angaba ngu-12 kuphela. Nokho, ingqikithi yemali abayitholayo ingaphezu kwama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-800 (amaRandi ayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-3,55), okwenza amaphesenti angaba ngu-70 engqikithi yemali yemikhaya yase-United States. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abanjalo asebekhulile bakha amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 ezisulu zokukhohliswa.

Yini eyenza asebekhulile babe yizisulu kalula? Umagazini i-Consumers’ Research uyachaza: “Bathambekele ekwethembeni abantu kalula futhi bangase bangabi nalwazi ngezindlela zamuva zokutshala imali.” Elinye iphoyisa lakhononda ngokuthi ukukhohlisa ngokuthengisa ngocingo “kwenza imali ikakhulukazi ngabantu abanesizungu nabangavikelekile—abantu asebekhulile—abayingxenye enkulu yezisulu. Laba abantu abakhula enkathini lapho ukuxhawula umuntu kwakubonisa ukumethemba.” Ummeleli we-American Association of Retired Persons wacashunwa ethi: “Ngokuvamile kuthiwa ukuhaha kukufaka enkathazweni. Kubantu asebekhulile, akukhona ukuhaha. Besaba ukuphelelwa imali besaphila. Abafuni ukuba umthwalo kubantwana babo. Khona-ke bayesaba ukubika ukuthi [bayizisulu zabakhohlisi] ngoba besaba ukuthi abantwana babo bazocabanga ukuthi abakwazi ukuzinakekela.”

Izisulu zabakhohlisi ezingabantu asebekhulile azikhohliswa noma zidukiswe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi zinesizungu, mhlawumbe zinesifiso “sokuthenga” ubungane. Omunye umlobeli wephephandaba wabika ukuthi kwelinye izwe abanye abafelokazi abanesizungu banxenxelwa ukuba bakhokhe amaRandi angu-88 000 kusengaphambili ukuze bathole “izifundo zokudansa zokuphila kwabo konke. Abanye babebuthaka bengakwazi ukuhamba. Babengezona iziwula, babemane bekhungathekile.” Isikhungo sokudansa sinikeza abadansi abasha ithuba lokuba nobudlelwane nabangane babo abasanda kubathola, ngokuvamile abangontanga yabo. Umthengisi oyiciko, olalisa ulimi, ongase futhi abafundise ukudansa, kunzima ukumenqaba naye.

Cabangela Abakhohlisi BaseJapane

Abanye abakhohlisi benza abantu asebekhulile abanesizungu izisulu ngezinye izindlela. Abakhohlisi baseJapane abangenazimiso baye bashaya sengathi bakhathalela abantu, bechitha isikhathi bexoxa nezisulu zabo esezikhulile, bezilalela. Kancane kancane bayavakasha, futhi ngemva kokuba sezibethemba ngokugcwele, baqale ukuzikhohlisa. Isibonelo salokhu kukhohlisa kwakuyindaba yegolide-mbumbulu lapho abantu abangaba ngu-30 000, kuhlanganise nabaningi abahola impesheni, kubikwa ukuthi baphundlwa ama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-6650). I-Asahi Evening News yaseJapane yayinesihloko esikhulu esithi: “Alikho Ithemba Lokuthola Imali Yezisulu.”

I-Asahi Shimbun yaseTokyo yabika ngalendaba: Owesifazane oseqinile othengisayo wavakashela ixhegu elithile, wathi: “Ngikukhathalela ngaphezu komsebenzi wami Mnu. K., ngoba uhlala wedwa.” Walalela izigigaba eziningi zalendoda, futhi wayikhanga. Lapho esehamba, wacela ukuba abuye ngakusasa. Lendoda yaphendula: “Kulungile.”

Kwanda ukuvakasha kwakhe; babedla ukudla kwakusihlwa ndawonye, wayeze athengele uMnu. K. ukudla. Wamthembisa: “Ngizokunakekela uze ufe.” Khona-ke kwafika umvuthwandaba: “Ngizonakekela indawo yakho. Inkampani engisebenza kuyo isanda kusungula indlela enhle umuntu angenza ngayo imali ngendawo yakhe.” Leli lisu lalidinga ukuba enze indlu yakhe nempahla kube isibambiso, athenge igolide eliyigugu, abese efaka imali enkampanini lona wesifazane asebenza kuyo. Lwase luboshiwe uzungu. UMnu. K. waba omunye wezisulu eziningi zokukhohliswa. Lapho lendaba sebeyiphethile, lentokazi ayizange iphinde ilubhade.

UMnu. K. wathi: “Ngesikhathi ngiseyisosha, ngangiphila ethunzini lokufa. Kodwa kunzima ngisho nakakhulu ukuphundlwa yonke impahla yami umuntu osebenzisa ubuthakathaka bethu thina bantu asebegugile abahlala bodwa esingenazo izihlobo esithembele kuzo. Kubonakala sengathi izwe lifike enkathini lapho abantu befuna khona imali ngisho nangezindlela zobuqili.”

Ukukhohlisa Asebekhulile E-Italy

Incwadi ethi L’Italia che truffa (Ukukhohlisa E-Italy) yabika ngetulo elinzulu elaboshwa abakhohlisi base-Italy ukuze baphange asebekhulile imali yabo abayongile eyigugu. Ngo-1993 kwabunjwa uhulumeni owawuholwa owayengumphathi weBhange Lase-Italy. Isignesha yakhe yayisekhona emalini engamaphepha (ngokusobala eyayisasebenza) eyayikhishwe ngesikhathi esengumphathi. Ngemva kokufika emizini yabantu asebekhulile, iningi labakhohlisi abazichaza ngokuthi basebenza eBhange Lase-Italy futhi ababephethe omazisi bomgunyathi ukuze bafakazele lokho, babethi esisulwini sabo ngasinye: “Uyazi ukuthi umphathi weBhange Lase-Italy usengumongameli woMgwamanda Wongqongqoshe; ngakho-ke, isignesha yakhe esemalini engamaphepha ayisasebenzi. Umsebenzi wethu ukuqoqa yonke imali engamaphepha emikhayeni ehlukahlukene bese siyinikeza imali entsha esayinwe umphathi omlandelayo . . . Nansi irisidi. Yiya ebhange ofaka kulo imali nalencwadi ngomhlomunye, futhi uyothola isamba semali osinikeze sona njengamanje.” Ngaleli cebo, abakhohlisi baqoqa imali engaba ama-lire ayizigidi ezingu-15 (amaRandi acishe abe ngu-40 000) ngosuku olulodwa!

Abanye abakhohlisi e-Italy bahlasela abantu abanganakile, kuhlanganise nasebekhulile, ababathola emigwaqweni. Bacela abantu abangaqaphile ukuba babambe iqhaza kuyinhlolo-vo bese bebanikeza amaheheba amaphepha ukuba bawasayine, bethi ukusayina kwabo kumane kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi baye babamba iqhaza kulenhlolo-vo. Eqinisweni, basayina isivumelwano esibaphoqelela ukuba benze noma bathenge okuthile.

Khona-ke, esikhathini esithile kamuva, isisulu sithola ibhokisi elinezimpahla ezithile eposini, mhlawumbe nesixwayiso esisobala esembozweni esithi uma sizenqaba lezi zimpahla, siyojeziswa ngandlela-thile. Abanye, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, bashaywa uvalo, bacabange ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukukhokha lesi samba semali esincane bese begcina lezi zimpahla ezingelutho kunokuyovela phambi kwenkantolo.

Kwande kangakanani ukukhohlisa e-Italy? Ngokwe-L’Italia che truffa, inani lezenzo zokukhohlisa elibikwayo lingaba ngu-500 000 ngonyaka. Cishe izenzo zokukhohlisa eziphindwe okungenani kathathu azibikwa. Enye intatheli ye-TV yathi: “Ingqikithi iyizingibe ezinhlobonhlobo ezingaba yizigidi ezimbili unyaka ngamunye, noma ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku.”

Sinjalo-ke isimo. Futhi-ke, laba bakhohlisi abaphamba abantu imali yabo—futhi ngokuvamile imali yabo yokuphila konke—abakhethi ubudala (noma uhlanga, noma ubuzwe). Qaphela! Kungakwehlela nawe.

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Indlela Yokugwema Ukukhohliswa

AKUZONA zonke izinhlangano ezithengisa ngocingo ezingathembekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwe-American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), e-United States kwakunamafemu angu-140-000 ayethengisa ngocingo ngo-1994. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi angamaphesenti ayishumi, noma angu-14000 kuwo ayekhohlisa. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuqapha lapho uthenjiswa into engakholeki. Nanka amanye amacebiso okukusiza ugweme ukukhohliswa abantu abathengisa ngocingo.

◆ Uma othile ekushayela ucingo akutshele ukuthi uzuze umklomelo wamahhala, mhlawumbe into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuthi ulubeke phansi ucingo.

◆ Uma umuntu othengisa ngocingo ephikelela ngokuthi uthenge ngaso leso sikhathi noma uma kungenjalo, ngesinye isikhathi kuyobe sekwephuzile, lokhu ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lokuthi kunomgunyathi.

◆ Yiphathe ngokucophelela inombolo yekhadi lakho lokuthenga ngesikweleti. Ungayinikezi abantu ongabazi abakushayela ucingo becela imali.

◆ Ungathengi lutho ngocingo ngaphandle kwalapho uthathe isinyathelo kuqala washaya ucingo futhi ushayela ifemu oyaziyo ukuthi inedumela elihle.

Abanikazi bezindlu kudingeka baqaphele ukukhohlisa kwabantu abalungisa izindlu. Nazi izixwayiso ezimbalwa, njengoba zikhishwe yi-AARP Consumer Affairs:

◆ Ungamqashi umuntu ongamazi kuze kube yilapho usuqiniseka ngaye; cela amagama nezinombolo zocingo zamanye amakhasimende aye wawasebenzela.

◆ Ungasayini lutho ngaphandle kokuyihlolisisa, futhi qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda futhi uvumelana nayo yonke imininingwane esesivumelwaneni.

◆ Ungalokothi uthembele kumuntu othile ukuba akuchazele isivumelwano ngaphandle kwalapho kungumuntu omaziyo futhi omethembayo. Zifundele mathupha umbhalo obhalwe ngamagama amancane.

◆ Ungalokothi ukhokhele ukulungiselwa okuthile kusengaphambili. Qiniseka ngokuthi umsebenzi uphothuliwe futhi uyaneliseka ngaphambi kokuba ukhokhe.

Qaphela. Sebenzisa ukuhluzeka kwengqondo. Yenqaba ngokungathandabuzi uma ungenasithakazelo ekuthengeni. Futhi khumbula: Uma leyonto izwakala ingakholeki, ngokunokwenzeka iwukukhohlisa.

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Abakhohlisi bangase bashaye sengathi bayakhathalela, ukuze baphundle abantu asebekhulile