Ukubuka Okwezwe

Isizukulwane Esingenathemba

Ukuhlola okuqhathanisa isimo sengqondo sentsha yanamuhla eneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-24 ubudala nentsha eyayiphila ezizukulwaneni ezimbili ezidlule kuye kwembula ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, kwezinga lobugebengu, nokuzibulala, kubika i-Australian. Umhlaziyi wezengqondo nomlobi wesayensi uRichard Eckersley, wayibeka ngokufingqiwe indlela intsha eningi ezizwa ngayo namuhla, ethi: “Intsha ikholelwa ukuthi ukuphila kufanele kuthakazelise futhi kujabulise, kufanele izimele, kufanele umuntu akhethe indlela ayithandayo yokuphila, ohulumeni abakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi, nokuthi yona ayinamandla okuguqula izimo zenhlalo.” Enye intombazane okuthiwa nguShanu eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, yathi: “Inani labantu liyanda futhi kumelwe sibange imisebenzi eyingcosana, nezindlu zokuhlala ezimbalwa, sibange yonke into encane.”

Imfucumfucu Esiteshini Sasemkhathini

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-11, labo abasebenzisa isiteshi sasemkhathini saseRussia i-Mir sebefundé ukubhekana nenkinga evamile kuyizakhamuzi eziningi zasemhlabeni—ukuthi bazenzenjani zonke izinto asebeziqongelele. Njengoba umkhathi ungenawo amandla adonsela phansi, izinto ezidingekayo njengezingubo zasemkhathini, amakhebula e-computer, amaphakethe okudla, amathuluzi, nezinsimbi eziyizipele zinanyatheliswa phansi, ophahleni nasezindongeni. Kodwa njengoba imfucumfucu ibekwe cishe yaba amasentimitha angu-30 kuyo yonke indawo, izindonga ze-Mir seziyaphela. Lapho kumiswa i-International Space Station entsha, enye yezinto abashayeli bemikhumbi-mkhathi okungase kudingeke babe nayo indawo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokugcina udoti. Akungabazeki ukuthi iyokwaziswa kakhulu, ngoba okwamanje, ngemva kokudla kudingeka izakhamuzi ze-Mir zifohloze amakani, ziwabuyisele emabhokisini okudla, futhi ziwabophele ezindongeni.

Izimfene Eziyizixhwanguxhwangu

Komunye wemigwaqo emikhulu ematasa eNingizimu Afrika, abashayeli babhekana nengozi engavamile ekuqaleni kwalonyaka—imvula yamatshe ajikijelwa umhlambi wezimfene. Ngokwe-International Herald Tribune, izimfene zahlasela abashayeli bezimoto ngasesikhaleni sentaba emgwaqweni ophakathi kweCape Town neGoli. Nakuba bengekho abalimala noma ukushayisana kwezimoto okwabikwa, amaphoyisa omgwaqo nawo ajikijela izimfene ngamatshe ezama ukuzixoshela kude nomgwaqo omkhulu. Abekho ngokuqondile ababikwa njengabanqobi kulempi yokujikijelana ngamatshe kwamaphoyisa nezimfene.

Abantu Base-Asia Ababhemayo

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi eVietnam cishe amaphesenti angu-73 awo wonke amadoda ayabhema. Leli “inani eliphezulu kakhulu lamadoda abhemayo emhlabeni,” kusho umbiko wokuhlola owakhishwa kuyi-Journal of the American Medical Association. Ngokuqhathanisa, kubonakala sengathi bangaphezudlwana kwamaphesenti amane abesifazane ababhemayo eVietnam. Amanye amazwe ase-Asia asemngceleni wePacific anokuthambekela okufanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Indonesia, amadoda angamaphesenti angu-53 nabesifazane abangamaphesenti amane bayabhema; kuyilapho eChina kubhema amadoda angamaphesenti angu-61 nabesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-7.

Isikole Sokufundela Ubufundisi Sixegisa Umthetho Wobulili

Isikole sokufundela ubufundisi seSonto LikaMoya eVirginia “siye saxegisa umthetho waso osuneminyaka engu-25 ukhona owenqabela abafundi nothisha besikole ukuba bahlanganyele ubulili nabantu abangashadile nabo nasezenzweni zobungqingili,” kubika umagazini i-Christian Century. Usihlalo wesigungu, uPeter J. Lee, wathi: “Masilivume iqiniso lokuthi, abaningi abafundela ubufundisi baseminyakeni yobudala ephakathi kwengu-30 noma engu-40. Awasekho amaqhikiza noma ababheka abakhona lapho sekulalwa.” Phakathi neminyaka engu-11 edlule, ukubhalisa esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi kuye kwehla ngamaphesenti angu-33. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni engu-25 edlule, isilinganiso seminyaka sabafundi abangena esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi siye senyuka sisuka ku-27 siya ku-40. “Engizama ukukwenza njengosihlalo wesigungu ukuvimbela ukungamukelwa kwabanye abaneminyaka engu-28 ubudala ngenxa yokuthi baye batholakala behlanganyela ubulili nezingoduso zabo,” kusho uLee.

Ukudla Oswidi Nokubola Kwamazinyo

Sekunesikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ukunciphisa oswidi kungasiza ekulweni nokubola kwamazinyo. Nokho, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqaphela ukuthi ubadla nini futhi kaningi kangakanani, kubika incwadi yomkhaya eneziqondiso zokugcinwa kwamazinyo ethi How to Keep Your Family Smiling. Lapho amaswidi noma ama-carbohydrate agayiwe ethintana ne-plaque esemazinyweni akho, kwakheka i-asidi. Lencwajana ithi le-asidi, ihlasela i-enamel emazinyweni akho cishe imizuzu engu-20. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi izimbobo zingaqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “lokhu kungenzeka njalo lapho udla oswidi abanesitashi.” Ngakho uma uzokudla oswidi, “kungcono ukubadla bonke ngesikhathi esisodwa,” ngaleyo ndlela amazinyo akho ahlaselwa i-asidi kanye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukudla uswidi owodwa isikhathi eside kungaphumela ekuhlaselweni i-asidi ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola kwamazinyo, odokotela bamazinyo batusa ukuthi uxubhe amazinyo akho okungenani kabili ngosuku. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza amazinyo akho nsuku zonke ngokuvungula ngentambo.

Ukukholelwa Kososayensi KuNkulunkulu

Ngo-1916, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uJames Leuba sabuza ososayensi abaqokwe ngokungakhethi abayinkulungwane ukuthi bayakholelwa yini kuNkulunkulu. Impendulo yabo? Phakathi kososayensi abaphendula, abangamaphesenti angu-42 abathi bayakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, kubika i-New York Times. ULeuba wabikezela ukuthi ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu kwakuzoncipha njengoba imfundo yanda. Manje, ngemva kweminyaka engu-80 kamuva, u-Edward Larson, e-University of Georgia, usephinde wenza ukuhlola okwaziwayo kukaLeuba. Esebenzisa imibuzo nezindlela ezifanayo, uLarson wabuza izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi ze-physics nezazi zezibalo ukuthi ziyakholelwa yini kuNkulunkulu oxhumana nesintu. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi cishe inani elifanayo lososayensi banamuhla, elicishe libe amaphesenti angu-40, lithi liyakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. NgokukaDkt. Larson, “Kungenzeka ukuthi uLeuba wayahlulela kabi ingqondo yomuntu noma ukukwazi kwesayensi ukwanelisa izidingo zesintu.”

Amagciwane Ahamba Umhlaba Wonke

Amathangi endle ezindiza anamakhemikhali okufanele abulale amagciwane, kodwa amanye alamagciwane ayasinda kulezi zibulala-magciwane, kubika umagazini i-New Scientist. UMark Sobsey, usosayensi wendawo ezungezile e-University of North Carolina, wathola ukuthi cishe ingxenye yendle ayihlola eyayithathwe ezindizeni zamazwe ezifikela e-United States yayinamagciwane aphilayo. E-United States, udoti okhishwa endizeni ngokuvamile uhlanzwa ezikhungweni zomphakathi zokukhuculula indle futhi kamuva ulahlwe endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho, kunengozi yokuthi amanye alamagciwane angase asakaze izifo ezinjengokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A no-E, isifo esihlasela ulwelwesi lobuchopho (meningitis), novendle. USobsey uyanezela: “Izifo ezihlukahlukene ezingase zidluliselwe izindiza zomhlaba zibangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu.”

IGanges Enyamalalayo

Umfula iGanges, eNdiya owaziwa ngokuthi iGanga, ubhekwa amakhulu ezigidi zamaHindu njengongcwele. IGanges ibuye isetshenziselwe ukunisela amasimu ayigudlayo. Kodwa manje amanzi ayo ancipha ngokushesha, eshiya izindawo ezinkulu zesihlabathi esomile phakathi nomfula nokwakuwusebe lwawo, kubika i-India Today. Ukuncipha kwamanzi okuphawulekayo kubonakala kuyimiphumela yemvula enganele kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi angenhla komfula ekuniseleni. Ngaphandle kokusongela ezolimo kulesi sifunda, udaka olubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamanzi lungase lwenze ukuba imikhumbi ingakwazi ukuhamba ethekwini laseCalcutta, kusho umbiko.

Ubugcwelegcwele Basolwandle Buyanda

Iyanda imibiko yokuhlasela kwezigcwelegcwele zasolwandle, kusho i-International Maritime Bureau—kusukela ezenzakalweni ezingu-90 ngo-1994 kuya kwezingu-226 ngemva nje kweminyaka emibili. Lokhu kukhula okuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kukhathaza kokubili izikhulu zezentengiselwano zasolwandle nezivakashi. Inani langempela lingase liphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili, njengoba “abanikazi bemikhumbi abaningi bengazihluphi ngokubika lezi zenzakalo ngoba uphenyo olwenziwayo kamuva lungase lubangele ukulibala okuyizindleko,” kusho i-Sunday Telegraph yaseLondon. Izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu muva nje iMediterranean Sea engase-Albania naseLibya kanye neSouth China Sea. Omelela i-British Merchant Navy wanxusa iBrithani ukuba ihole empini yomhlaba wonke ye-UN yokulwa nalezi zigcwelegcwele zasolwandle. Kodwa umkhulumeli wabanikazi bemikhumbi wathi: “Akakholelwa ukuthi kukhona okungenziwa ibutho le-UN ngalenkinga ngoba ukuhlasela okuningi kwenzeka olwandle,” kubika iphephandaba.