Imfihlakalo Yama-dolmen—Kungani Akhiwa, Akhiwa Nini Futhi Kanjani?
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ENETHERLANDS
UNGASE ubuze, ‘Iyini i-dolmen?’ Iyisiza sasendulo esinamatshe amile amakhulu amabili noma ngaphezulu anelinye elivala phezulu, avame ukwakha igumbi, ngokuvamile elisetshenziswa njengethuna. Atholakala kakhulu entshonalanga, enyakatho naseningizimu yeYurophu.
Esifundazweni samaDashi eDrenthe, ama-dolmen ngokuvamile atholakala ezindaweni ezinhle, ezingokwemvelo. Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe, umdwebi wodumo uVincent van Gogh wabhala: ‘IDrenthe yinhle kangangokuba bekungangcono ukuba ngingayiboni uma ngingenakukwazi ukuhlala lapha phakade.’ Abathandi bemvelo kanye nalabo abanesithakazelo kuyisayensi yemivubukulo bathola konke ababekulindele uma bevakashela ama-dolmen aseDrenthe.
Kodwa kungani kufanele sibe nesithakazelo emaqoqweni amatshe asendulo? Enye impendulo iwukuthi sinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Kungani abantu basendulo babengazikhathaza kangaka bedudula, beqopha futhi bequkula amatshe asinda kangaka? Amanye amatshe anesisindo esingamathani amaningi. Futhi ngalezo zikhathi, yayingekho imishini yanamuhla yokuqukula izinto ezisindayo! Ngakho, yini esingayithola ngama-dolmen?
Amatshe Esikhumbuzo Amakhulu
Ama-dolmen achazwa njengamatshe esikhumbuzo amakhulu (ngesiGreki “megalith,” okusho “itshe elikhulu”). Mhlawumbe uwajwayele ama-menhir aseFrance, ethiwa ngegama lesiBreton elisho “itshe elide.” Isiqhingi saseBalearic iMinorca sinamatshe amakhulu okuthiwa ama-taula (amatafula), anetshe eliwugqinsi elisindayo elibekwe lavundla phezu kwetshe elimile, kanjalo lakha u-T omkhulu.
Abantu basahlabeka umxhwele ngeStonehenge, eNgilandi, isiyingi samatshe amakhulu, amanye anesisindo esingaba amathani angu-50. Izinsika ze-bluestone ezingaba ngu-80 zathuthwa ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-380 zisuka eziNtabeni zasePreseli eWales. Ngokwencwadi ye-National Geographic Society i-Mysteries of Mankind—Earth’s Unexplained Landmarks, “izazi zicabanga ukuthi lesi sikhumbuzo [iStonehenge] . . . sasiyithempeli okungenzeka lalifanekisela ukuhamba kwaphakade nokuzungezayo kwelanga, inyanga nezinkanyezi emazulwini, kodwa hhayi okunye.”
Namuhla i-dolmen iyigumbi lokungcwaba eliyisikhumbuzo, njengoba ekuqaleni amadwala amakhulu ayengabonakali ngaphansi kwendunduma yesihlabathi noma yenhlabathi. Kutholakalé ukuthi i-dolmen yayiyithuna lokungcwaba lomphakathi. Obunye ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi kwakunabantu abangaphezu kwekhulu ababengcwatshwe kuyi-dolmen ethile—yayicishe ibe yindawo yamathuna!
ENetherlands, kunama-dolmen angu-53 asekhona nanamuhla; angu-52 awo asesifundazweni saseDrenthe. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi ayengabekiwe ngobudlabha, kodwa amaningi abhekiswe empumalanga nasentshonalanga, kanti umnyango ungaseningizimu, okungenzeka kwakuhlobene nokuhamba kwelanga ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Abakhi basendulo babesebenzisa amadwala ayizinsika amisiwe namatshe amakhulu aphezulu ezindongeni, kanti izintunja eziphakathi kwamadwala zazivalwa ngamatshe amancane. Iphansi laligandaywa ngamatshe. I-dolmen enkulu kunawo wonke eNetherlands, eseduze nomuzi waseBorger, ingamamitha angu-22 ubude kanti isenamadwala angu-47. Elinye lamatshe aphezulu odongeni lingaba nobude obungamamitha amathathu nesisindo esingamathani angu-20! Konke lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi.
Akhiwa Nini? Akhiwa Ubani, Kanjani Futhi Kungani?
Izimpendulo zale mibuzo azicacile ngoba awukho umlando olotshiwe weYurophu yangaleso sikhathi. Ngakho, kuyafaneleka ukubiza ama-dolmen ngokuthi amatshe esikhumbuzo ayimfihlakalo. Yini-ke eyaziwayo ngawo? Kuthiwani ngawo?
Ngo-1660, “uMfundisi” uPicardt, wasedolobhaneni laseCoevorden, eDrenthe, waphetha ngokuthi ayakhiwe amazimu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziphathimandla zendawo zaba nesithakazelo kula mathuna. Ngenxa yokuthi la matshe awo ayesetshenziselwa ukuqinisa uthango oluvimba amanzi kanye nokwakha amasonto nezindlu, i-Drenthe Landscape Administration yashaya umthetho ovikela ama-dolmen ngo-July 21, 1734.
Kwaze kwaba ngo-1912 lapho ochwepheshe behlolisisa ama-dolmen amaningi. Kwatholakala izindengezi (izingcezu zezitsha zobumba), amathuluzi (izihloko zamazembe nemicibisholo okwenziwe ngetshe), kanye nemihlobiso enjengobuhlalu kuma-dolmen kodwa kwakunamathambo ayingcosana, njengoba ayedliwa isihlabathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kwakutholakala izindengezi zezitsha ezingaba ngu-600. Uma kuthathwa ngokuthi umuntu ngamunye ofile wayebekelwa izitsha ezimbili noma ezintathu zokudla, kumelwe ukuba kwangcwatshwa abantu abaningi kwamanye amathuna.
Ososayensi bathi ama-dolmen akhiwa ngamadwala aseScandinavia, ayedudulwe izinguzunga zeqhwa phakathi nenkathi yasendulo yeqhwa. Bathi abakhi kwakungabalimi bomphakathi okuthiwa “Owenkomishi Enjengesetho,” ababizwa kanjalo ngenxa yezinkomishi ezinjengesetho eziye zatholakala.
Omunye umbono ophathelene nendlela yokwakha eyasetshenziswa uthi: “Cishe la madwala asindayo ngokunokwenzeka abekwa phezu kwepulangwe elinamasondo abe esedonswa ngezindophi zesikhumba. Ukuze bakhuphule amatshe okufulela, kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakwakhiwa indlela ewumqansa ngesihlabathi nobumba.” Kodwa akukho muntu oqinisekayo ukuthi lokhu kwakwenziwa kanjani. Kungani abafileyo babengangcwatshwa ngendlela evamile? Abakhi babenamuphi umbono ngokuphila kwangemva kokufa? Kungani kwashiywa izinto ezenziwe ngobuciko emathuneni? Abacwaningi bayaziqagela nje izimpendulo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-dolmen akhiwa kudala, akulula ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi akhiwa nini, akhiwa ubani, ewakhelani, futhi wawakha kanjani.
Ngesikhathi sikaNkulunkulu esifanele, lapho kuvuswa abafileyo, labo abayovuswa bangase bayiphendule eminye yale mibuzo. (Johane 5:28; IzEnzo 24:15) Ekugcineni, ngaleso sikhathi, abakhi bama-dolmen bangase basitshele ukuthi babehlalaphi, babengobani, babezakhelani izikhumbuzo zabo ezihlaba umxhwele nokuthi bazakha kanjani.
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I-“taula” eMinorca, eSpain
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I-“dolmen” eduze naseHavelte, eNetherlands
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IStonehenge, eBrithani
Ngezansi: I-Large Dolmen eduze naseBorger, eNetherlands
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I-“dolmen” evuselelwe eduze nomuzi waseSchoonoord, eNetherlands, ebonisa indunduma yenhlabathi namatshe angasagqibekile
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Ithuna elide e-Emmen (Schimmeres), eNetherlands