Ukubuka Okwezwe

Intsha YaseCanada Nenkolo

Iphephandaba i-Vancouver Sun lithi “inani eliphawulekayo lentsha yaseCanada engamaphesenti angu-80 likholelwa kuNkulunkulu,” kuyilapho “kungamaphesenti angu-15 kuphela nje aya njalo ezinkonzweni.” Kungani kunomehluko ongaka? Abanye bayeka ngenxa yokuthi “kunesithukuthezi ezinkonzweni zenkolo eziningi,” futhi “intsha ayizithandi izimfundiso eziqinile.” Leli phephandaba liyanezela: “Akungabazeki ukuthi idumela lenkolo ehleliwe liye lathunazwa kakhulu yizindaba ezisematheni zabefundisi abangamaKristu abanukubeza izingane ngokobulili, udlame lwamaSikh, amaJuda angontamolukhuni namaHindu angabashokobezi. Izinhlolo-vo zembula ukuthi ingamaphesenti angu-39 kuphela intsha yaseCanada ebethembayo abaholi benkolo, uma kuqhathaniswa neyayingamaphesenti angu-62 ngo-1984.” Lo mbiko uphetha ngokuthi: “Kuphakathi kokuthi intsha ayikuboni ukukhathalela kwabefundisi, umphakathi awuwafuni amasonto noma umyalezo ongokomoya awuyikhangi intsha eningi. Noma imbangela yikho konke lokhu okungenhla.”

Amaphela Anejubane

Noma ubani owake wazama ukubamba amaphela uyazi ukuthi akulula. Yini imfihlo yawo? Kungenxa yokuthi uboya obuncane ohlangothini ngalunye lwesisu sawo buzwa ukunyakaza komoya okuncane kakhulu okubangelwa yizitha nokuthi kuqhamuka ngakuphi. Futhi kubonakala sengathi isimiso sawo sezinzwa sinamandla kakhulu, ngoba iphela lidinga ingxenye yekhulu yomzuzwana ukuba lishaye lichithe. Iphephandaba i-Berliner Morgenpost libika ukuthi besebenzisa ikhamera esheshayo, uJeffrey Camhi nozakwabo eHebrew University of Jerusalem sebefundé okuningi. Bathola ukuthi amaphela angagijima ngejubane elihlanganisa imitha elilodwa ngomzuzwana futhi angakwazi ukujika izikhathi ezingu-25 ngomzuzwana egijima ngalelo jubane. Ecashunwa kuyi-New Scientist, uCamhi wathi: “Asikho esinye isilwane esisaziyo esikwazi ukujika ngokushesha kanje. Ukube amaphela abengezona izitha endlini, akungabazeki ukuthi abezonconywa kufanele.”

Igciwane Elikhulu Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni?

UHeide Schulz, usosayensi wa-se-Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, uye wathola igciwane elikhulu phansi enzikeni yasolwandle ngasogwini lwaseNamibia, e-Afrika. Leli gciwane lingamamilimitha angu-0,75 ubukhulu kanti likhulu ngokuphindwe kayikhulu kunanoma yiliphi elinye igciwane elaziwayo. I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi “ukube igciwane elivamile belilingana negundane elisanda kuzalwa, leli elisha beliyolingana nomkhomo.” Lezi zilwane, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Thiomargarita namibiensis, zixhumene njengomgexo wamaparele. I-Times ithi leli gciwane “liphila ngama-sulphide, eliwagaya ngosizo lwama-nitrate atholakala emanzini asolwandle.”

Kunezidumbu Eziningi Kakhulu Emfuleni IGanges

“Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaHindu engcwaba izihlobo ezifile eGanges ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi lokhu kuqinisekisa i-moksha, noma ukukhululeka komphefumulo emjikelezweni wokuzalwa ngomzimba wenyama,” kusho i-Electronic Telegraph. “Ngesikhathi umfula iGanges ongamakhilomitha angu-2 500 ubude wawusageleza futhi usajulile, umsinga wawo onamandla wawuthwala amakhulu ezidumbu ezibolile. Kodwa phakathi neminyaka kuye kwancipha ukugeleza ngokushesha kwalo mfula futhi amanzi awo awasajulile ngenxa yokungcola nodoti olahlwa kuwo.” Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba izidumbu “zigaxele okhuleni nakudoti amasonto amaningi.” Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, uhulumeni wazama ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokufaka izinkulungwane zezimfundu ezidla inyama eGanges. Kodwa lokho kwabuye kwayekwa ngo-1994 ngoba kwakunezidumbu eziningi ngokweqile lezi zimfudu okwakudingeka zizidle, kanti nabazingela ngokungemthetho babezibamba. Emkhankasweni omusha, abantu banxuswa ukuba bashise izidumbu zezihlobo zabo noma bazingcwabe esihlabathini eceleni komfula.

Ayisekho ILimbo?

ILimbo—amaKatolika ayichaza ngokuthi indawo lapho kuya khona imiphefumulo yezinsana ezifé zingabhapathiziwe—ayisekho emfundisweni yenkolo yamaKatolika. Nakuba ingazange ibe imfundiso eqinile, ilimbo “yayiwumphumela wesinqumo esafinyelelwa izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ngekhulu le-12” ezazidinga indawo “yokuPhila Ngemva Kokufa” yalabo abangamiselwe ukuya ezulwini noma esihogweni. Laba babehlanganisa “izinsana ezimsulwa ezifa ngaphambi kokuba zibhapathizwe” kanye “nabangakholwa kodwa abaye baphila ngendlela elungile.” Ebhala ephephandabeni i-Repubblica, umhlaziyi weVatican uMarco Politi uthi: “Lapho isisunguliwe, iLimbo yafeza indima ebalulekile emfundisweni yesonto.” Kodwa kumakhathekizimu amuva nje, kuhlanganise nekhathekizimu yembulunga yonke eyamenyezelwa ngo-1992, akukhulunywa lutho ngeLimbo. “Empeleni, wonke umqondo wokuPhila Ngemva Kokufa uye washintshwa kula mashumi eminyaka ambalwa adlule,” kuchaza uPoliti. Izazi eziningi zemfundiso yenkolo manje zithi izinsana ezifa zingabhapathizwanga ziya ngqó ezulwini. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo sase-Italy uPino Scabini sithi: “Namuhla kunokuthambekela kokucabangela izici eziyinhloko zalokho okuye kwambulwa—ukuphila okuphakade, uJesu akhuluma ngakho kanye novuko.”

Ibhizinisi Lokuthumba

I-U.S.News & World Report ithi: “Ukuthumba . . . kuyibhizinisi elichumayo ezindaweni ezinjengeMexico, iColombia, iHong Kong neRussia. Emhlabeni wonke, inani labathunjwa okwakudingeka bakhokhelwe isihlengo liqophé umlando unyaka ngamunye kule minyaka emithathu edlule.” Indawo okuthunjwa kuyo kakhulu kuseLatin America, lapho kwathunjwa khona abantu abangu-6 755 phakathi kuka-1995 no-1998. Ilandelwa elase-Asia neMpumalanga Ekude (617), elaseYurophu (271), elase-Afrika (211), elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi (118) nelaseNyakatho Melika (80). Nakuba abaningi balabo abathunjwayo kungosomabhizinisi basendaweni nabanikazi bezindawo, noma ubani—izisebenzi ezinikeza usizo, abantu abahamba ngomsebenzi nababuka amazwe—bangaba sengozini. Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe manje zithenga imishuwalense yokuthumba nesihlengo, ekhokha isihlengo kanye nezindleko zosomaqhinga abangochwepheshe nabeluleki babantu abaphazamisekile engqondweni. Abathumbi bahlelekile, bayahlola ukuthi ikuphi okuzobazuzisa nokuthi iziphi izisulu ezingase zibafake engozini. Bavame ukubaphatha kahle abathunjwa, beqaphela ukuthi lokhu kungase kubenze bangazami ukubaleka futhi kuyokwenza ukuba abathumbi bathole inzuzo engcono. “Emhlabeni wonke, oyedwa kuphela kubathunjwa abayishumi ogcina ebulewe,” kusho lo magazini, kodwa unikeza lesi sixwayiso: “Qaphela amaphoyisa endawo. Ngokuvamile asebenzelana nabathumbi.”

Ingosi Ye-Internet Esiza Ngomthandazo

Muva nje, isonto laseSheshi livule ingosi yalo ye-Internet. Inokwaziswa okunikeza iziqondiso ngendlela yokuthandaza. Ligcizelela ukuthi uNkulunkulu uzwa yonke imithandazo, isonto linxusa abantu ukuba bacabange uma bethandaza. “Sebenzisa umculo, itshe, uphaphe, imbali noma ikhandlela ukuze ukwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo,” futhi “sebenzisa isandla sakho. Ungasebenzisa iminwe yakho ukuze uzikhumbuze izinto ezihlukene okufanele uzithandazele.” Ngokwesibonelo, lithi isithupha, njengoba siwumunwe onamandla, singasikisela ukuthandazela izinto ezijulile ekuphileni kwakho, njengomuzi nomkhaya. Umunwe omude ophakathi nendawo ungakukhumbuza ukuba uthandazele “abantu abanegunya emhlabeni,” kanti ucikicane ungakukhumbuza “ukuba uzithandazele wena.” Iphawula ngale mibono emisha, i-Times ithi: “Lokho okuqukethwe yile ngosi kuwuphawu lokuthi iSonto linomuzwa wokuthi isizwe asizinaki izinto zenkolo. Kuqhathanisa ukuzijwayeza ukuthandaza nokudla, noma ukuhlakula: ‘Kungcono ukufushanisa kodwa ukwenze njalo, kodwa ungayeki.’”

I-asidi Nokubola Kwamazinyo

UMike Edgar, omunye wabalobi be-Oral Health: Diet and Other Factors uthi: “Abantu kumelwe bayeke ukucabanga ukuthi ushukela kuphela obolisa amazinyo, kufanele baqaphele nokudla okushiya i-asidi emlonyeni.” Lo mbiko unikeza iseluleko sokuthi abantu abaphuza isiphuzo samawolintshi ekuseni noma badle ukudla okune-asidi akufanele baxubhe amazinyo okungenani isigamu sehora ngemva kwalokho. Ngani? Ngoba uma i-asidi esemlonyeni ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga elithile, uqweqwe lwamazinyo luyathamba futhi ukuxubha kususa ingxenye ephezulu. I-Times yaseLondon ithi kutuswa ukuba umuntu adambise izinga le-asidi ngokudla ukudla okunamaprotheni, njengoshizi noma amantongomane, kodwa ingakapheli imizuzu engu-20 ngemva kokudla ukudla okune-asidi.

Ikhambi Lonodoli BaseJapane?

Komkhulu nogogo abahlala kude nabazukulu babo futhi abangavamile ukubabona, inkampani ethile yaseTokyo inekhambi: Thumela isithombe sengane kule nkampani, ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha uzothola unodoli ofana naleyo ngane. “Kodwa akugcini lapho,” kubika i-New Scientist. “Umshini wokuqopha ongaphakathi kunodoli uqopha okushiwo yingane lapho ingakakwazi ukukhuluma, ngakho-ke lo nodoli ukhuluma njengengane yakho. Mane nje ubambe isandla sikanodoli, wona uzokhuluma ngezwi lengane—noma ngabe yini enye oyiqophile. Ngokwe-Nikkei Weekly, lo nodoli obiza amaRandi angu-2 400 u-odwa kakhulu omkhulu nogogo abangavamile ukubona abazukulu babo.”