Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ingozi Yokukhuluphala
I-Independent yaseLondon ibika ukuthi kuzoba khona ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo nezinye izifo ngenxa “yomqedazwe wokukhuluphala ohlasele eYurophu.” Ekhuluma emhlanganweni wochwepheshe bezempilo abavela emazweni angu-26 eMilan, e-Italy, usihlalo we-International Obesity Task Force wathi: “Lena inhlekelele yembulunga yonke futhi kudingeka isinyathelo esisheshayo sokuvimbela lo mqedazwe onyenyayo obanga izifo ezimbi nokwenyuka kwezindleko zempilo. Uma singathathi sinyathelo, sibhekene nenhlekelele engokwempilo.” Wonke amazwe aseYurophu ahilelekile futhi kwezinye izindawo kuthinteka abantu abangamaphesenti aphakathi kwangu-40 nangu-50. Kusukela ngo-1980, izinga lokukhuluphala eNgilandi liye lakhuphuka lisuka kumaphesenti angu-8 liya kwangu-20 kwabesifazane, lisuka kumaphesenti angu-6 liya kwangu-17 kwabesilisa. Izizathu ezibekiwe zihlanganisa ukungenzi msebenzi onyakazisa umzimba nokudla ukudla okucebile—kokubili okuhambisana nokuchuma ngokwezimali. Imbangela enkulu yokukhathazeka yinani lezingane ezikhuluphele. UProfesa Jaap Seidell, umongameli we-European Association for the Study of Obesity, uthi “kunezimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi abaningi besizukulwane esizayo bazokhuluphala futhi babe nesisindo eseqile besebancane.”
Okubi Ngokuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke
Iphephandaba laseBrithani i-Guardian libika ukuthi ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kuvula imakethe yezwe lonke evulela abantu amathuba amaningi, kodwa futhi kudala ingozi. Ukuthembela kwamazwe ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe lonke kubangela izenzakalo ezingavamile—njengokwehla kwamandla e-baht yaseThailand ngo-1997—kubangele ukwesabela izimali ezweni lonke. I-Guardian iphawula ukuthi “eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, igebe phakathi komcebo wengxenye yesihlanu yabacebile emhlabeni kanye nowabampofu laliyisilinganiso sokungu-30 kokukodwa. Ngo-1990 lase livuleke kakhulu laba ngokungu-60 kokukodwa futhi namuhla lingokungu-74 kokukodwa. . . . Izigebengu zizuza kakhulu esimisweni sokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ngoba manje zingasebenzisa izimakethe zomhlaba wonke zithengise izidakamizwa nezibhamu nokuthengisa ngemizimba.
Ungawugwema Umkhuhlane?
I-New York Times ithi ungase ungakwazi ukugwema umkhuhlane ngokuphelele, kodwa kunezinyathelo zokuzivikela ongazithatha. Lokhu okulandelayo kuphakathi kwezinto ezibaluleké kakhulu: Gwema izixuku ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi zama ukungabaxhawuli abantu abaphethwe umkhuhlane vele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, gwema ukucikica amehlo namakhala, futhi geza izandla njalo. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zokuzivikela ziyasiza ngoba izandla zivame ukuthwala amagciwane omkhuhlane ziwayise emehlweni nasolwelwesini lwamakhala okungawabamba kalula. Amagciwane omkhuhlane asemoyeni noma asezandleni angaphila amahora amaningi, futhi umuntu ophethwe umkhuhlane angase awuthelele abanye isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zokugula zibonakale noma ngemva kwalokho. Ezinye izinyathelo zokuzivikela zihlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuqaphela kakhulu lapho useduze kwezingane. Ngani? Ngoba ziphathwa umkhuhlane izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngonyaka!
Ukugula Ngengqondo E-Afrika
Iphephandaba laseNingizimu Afrika i-Star libika ukuthi “kubantu abayizigidi eziyikhulu basemazweni ase-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara, ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-600 baphazamisekile engqondweni.” Ngokwe-World Health Organization, imbangela eyinhloko yaleli nani eliphakeme, impi nendlala. Ukungasekelwa ngabomndeni kungesinye isici esibangela lokhu. NgokukaProfesa Michael Olatawura, waseNigeria, lesi “simiso sendlela yase-Afrika yokusekelana,” siqedwa yizimiso zaseNtshonalanga, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nobudlova basemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu omkhaya aya ezindaweni ezikude eyofuna umsebenzi. UProfesa Olatawura uthi: “Izinkinga zomnotho kohulumeni base-Afrika ziye zenza ukuba singakwazi ukusekela impilo ngendlela efanele.”
Omata Bempi
I-News yaseMexico City ibika ukuthi imizwa yokwesaba ngenxa yempi ivezwa ngendlela yobuciko engavamile e-Afghanistan. Sekuyiminyaka engu-20 izingcweti zase-Afghanistan zenza imifanekiso yezikhali zempi komata bazo abadumile. Phakathi kwemifanekiso evamile yezinyoni, amasonto amaSulumane nezimbali, kukhona nemifanekiso yezibhamu, amabhomu esandla nezinqola zempi. Uchwepheshe womata uBarry O’Connell uthi nakuba le mifanekiso ingaphawuleki ngokushesha ngaso sonke isikhathi, imiklamo eminingi “idwetshwe ngokunembile” kangangokuthi uyakwazi “ukuhlukanisa amavolovolo i-AK-47 ne-AK-74.” Kuthiwa abaningi balaba abeluka labo mata ngabesifazane abayizisulu zempi. Kubo, ukwenza labo mata abahlukile kuyindlela ecashile yokuveza imizwa yabo.
Imvula Engcolile
Umagazini i-New Scientist ubika ukuthi amazinga aphakeme ezibulala-zinambuzane ezincibilikile aye enza amanzi emvula awangakufanelekela ukuphuzwa. Abathaki bemithi eSwitzerland baye bathola ukuthi amasampula athathwe lapho imvula isaqala ukuna anamazinga aphakeme ezibulala-zinambuzane kunalawo abhekwa njengamukelekayo kuyi-European Union noma iSwitzerland. Le nkinga ibangelwa yizibulala-zinambuzane, futhi izinga elikhulu lalawo makhemikhali awushevu libonakala lapho kuna imvula yokuqala ngemva kokomisa isikhathi eside. Okwamanje, abacwaningi baseSweden baye bahlobanisa ukwanda kwe-non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezifutho zezinambuzane. Amakhemikhali avimbela ukumila kwezitshalo ophahleni nawo angcolisa amanzi emvula ageleza ezakhiweni.
Ukufa Emapulazini
I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi emapulazini aseBrithani kufa abantu abangaphezu koyedwa njalo ngesonto, okwenza ukulima kube eminye yemisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu kulelo zwe. Ngo-1998 isisulu esincane, esineminyaka emine kuphela ubudala, sagaywa ugandaganda futhi abanye abayisikhombisa abafa babulawa ugandaganda lapho ugingqika ekwehleleni. Abalimi baxwayiswa ukuba bacabangisise ngaphambi kokuba benze imisebenzi eyingozi futhi bahlole izimo ngaphambi kokushayela ugandaganda ekwehleleni. UDavid Mattey, umhloli omkhulu wezolimo we-Health and Safety Executive, wathi: “Eziningi zalezi zinhlekelele bezingagwemeka uma umuntu ubengama imizuzwana embalwa, acabange ngomsebenzi abese ewenza ngendlela ethé ukuhluka kancane.”
Amandla Kagesi Angavamile
◼ Umagazini waseFrance i-Sciences et avenir ubika ukuthi isiqhingi sase-Ouvéa, eNew Caledonia, asinawo uphethiloli, kodwa sisebenzisa amafutha kakhukhunathi ukuze siphehle ugesi. Unjiniyela waseFrance u-Alain Liennard wachitha iminyaka engu-18 esungula injini esebenza ngamafutha kakhukhunathi. Le njini iqondisa injini yokuphehla ugesi, eyenza umshini wokukhipha usawoti usebenze, uhambise amanzi okuphuza emikhayeni engu-235 yalesi siqhingi. ULiennard uthi isimiso sakhe sama-kilowatt angu-165 silingana nezinjini zika-diesel ngokukhiqiza ugesi nokuthengwa kukaphethiloli.
◼ Okwamanje, ekucwaningeni okwenziwa edolobhaneni laseKalali eSifundazweni saseGujarat, eNdiya, kuye kwasetshenziswa amandla ezinkabi ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi. Umagazini i-Down to Earth waseNew Delhi, ubika ukuthi le ndlela yokuphehla ugesi yasungulwa usosayensi nomshana wakhe. Izinkabi ezine ziphendula umphini oxhunywe kuyi-gearbox eshayela injini encane yokuphehla ugesi. Le njini ixhunywe kumabhetri, anika amandla into empompa amanzi nomshini wokugaya. I-Down to Earth ithi isilinganiso senani lalo gesi cishe singamasenti angu-60, uma kuqhathaniswa namaRandi ayisithupha ngesilinganiso ngasinye lapho kusetshenziswa umshini wokudonsa amanzi noma amaRandi angu-144 ngesilinganiso ngasinye lapho kusetshenziswa ama-solar panel. Nokho, njengoba abantu abahlala emaphandleni bedinga izinkabi ukuze balime emasimini abo izinyanga ezintathu zonyaka, abasunguli bafuna izindlela eziphumelelayo zokulondoloza ugesi ngesikhathi izinkabi zingekho.
Ukudla Ngokunengqondo
Ngokwesilinganiso, amantombazane akhula ngamasentimitha angu-25 futhi abe nesisindo somzimba esingamakhilogremu angu-18 kuya kwangu-22 phakathi neminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-14 ubudala, kuyilapho abafana bekhula ngamasentimitha angu-30 futhi babe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-22 kuya kwangu-27 phakathi neminyaka engu-12 nengu-16. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokukhula ngokushesha, kuvamile ukuba intsha izizwe ingakhululekile ngesisindo sayo, futhi eningi iyakhathazeka ngokulawula isisindo. “Kodwa ukudla kancane nokuzincisha ukudla akuwona amakhambi anempilo futhi akutuswa,” kubhala isazi semithetho yokudla uLynn Roblin kuyi-Toronto Star. URoblin uphawula ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingancisha umzimba izakhi. Futhi, ukuhlola ngokudla kancane “kwenza ujwayele imikhuba yokudla emibi futhi kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwemikhuba yokudla.” Uphawula ukuthi intsha kudingeka ibe nombono ongokoqobo ngokubukeka kwayo futhi ibe nesisindo esifanele “ngokudla ngokunengqondo, ukwenza imisebenzi enyakazisa umzimba nokwaneliseka ngayo.”