Kungenziwani Ngokukhuluphala Kwezingane Ngokweqile?
UKUKHULUPHALA kwezingane sekufinyelele iqophelo eliphezulu emazweni amaningi. I-World Health Organization ibika ukuthi zilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-22 izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ezikhuluphele ngokweqile emhlabeni.
Ucwaningo lwezwe lonke okwenziwa eSpain lwembula ukuthi ingane eyodwa kwezintathu kuphakathi kokuthi ikhuluphele noma ikhuluphele ngokweqile. Eminyakeni nje eyishumi (1985-1995), inani lezingane ezikhuluphele ngokweqile liye laphindeka kathathu e-Australia. Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kwezingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-11 kuye kwaphindeka ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu e-United States.
Ukukhuluphala kwezingane sekwenabele nasemazweni asathuthuka. Ngokusho kwe-International Obesity Task Force, ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika, izingane eziningi zihlaselwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kunokungondleki. Ngo-2007, iMexico yayisendaweni yesibili emhlabeni ilandela i-United States ngokuba nezingane ezikhuluphele. Kubikwa ukuthi eMexico City kuphela, amaphesenti angu-70 ezingane ezincane noma ezisanda kweva eshumini nambili akhuluphele noma akhuluphele ngokweqile. Udokotela wezifo zabantwana uFrancisco González, uxwayisa ngokuthi lesi kungase kube “isizukulwane sokuqala ukuba sife ngaphambi kwabazali baso ngenxa yezinkinga ezihambisana nokukhuluphala.”
Yiziphi lezo zinkinga? Zintathu, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo senhliziyo. Lezi izinkinga esikhathini esidlule okwakuthiwa zihlasela abantu abadala kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-U.S. Institute of Medicine, amaphesenti angu-30 abafana kanye nangu-40 amantombazane azalwe e-United States ngonyaka ka-2000, asemathubeni amaningi okuhlaselwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esihlobene nokukhuluphala.
Ucwaningo lubonisa amanani ethusayo phakathi kwezingane. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokukhuluphala kuholela ekwandeni kwezinga eliphakeme lomfutho wegazi. “Ngaphandle kokuba kwehliswe izinga eliphakeme lomfutho wegazi, singase sizithole sesibhekene nenkinga enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kubantu abasebasha nakwabadala,” kuxwayisa uDkt. Rebecca Din-Dzietham waseMorehouse School of Medicine e-Atlanta, eGeorgia.
Izici Ezinomthelela
Iyini imbangela yalolu bhubhane lwembulunga yonke lokukhuluphala kwezingane ngokweqile? Nakuba izici zofuzo zingase zibe nomthelela kodwa ukwanda okwethusayo kokukhuluphala muva nje kubonisa ukuthi akulona ufuzo kuphela oluyimbangela. UStephen O’Rahilly, uprofesa oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo nomkhakha wezokwelapha waseCambridge University eNgilandi, uthi: “Akukho lutho ezicini zofuzo olunomthelela ekwandeni kokukhuluphala. Ngeke sakwazi ukushintsha amangqamuzana ofuzo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.”
Iphawula ngezimbangela iMayo Clinic, e-United States ithi: “Nakuba zikhona izici ezithile zofuzo namangqamuzana abangela ukukhuluphala kwezingane, kodwa kaningi kubangelwa ukudla ngokweqile kwezingane nokungawuvivinyi umzimba kangako. Kunezibonelo ezimbili ezibonisa ukushintsha kwendlela yokudla namuhla.
Esokuqala, njengoba abazali abasebenzayo bengenaso isikhathi namandla okupheka, ukudla ezitolo sekwanda kakhulu. Izitolo zokudlela zithe chithi saka kuwo wonke umhlaba. Olunye ucwaningo lwabika ukuthi cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezingane zase-United States eziphakathi kweminyaka emine nengu-19 zidla ezitolo nsuku zonke. Ukudla okunjalo kuvame ukuba noshukela omningi namafutha futhi kutholakala ngobuningi.
Esesibili, abantu bakhetha ukuphuza iziphuzo ezibandayo kunobisi noma amanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, eMexico bachitha izindodla zemali bethenga iziphuzo ezibandayo ikakhulukazi ama-cola, kunokuthenga izinhlobo eziyishumi zokudla okuyisidingo nokuyisisekelo kuhlangene. Ngokusho kwencwadi ethi Overcoming Childhood Obesity, ukumane uphuze nje amamilimitha angu-600 esiphuzo esibandayo ngosuku kungakubangela ukuba ukhuluphale ngamakhilogremu angu-11 ngonyaka.
Njengoba zingenzi lutho olunyakazisa umzimba, ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-University of Glasgow eScotland lwathola ukuthi izingane ezilinganiselwa eminyakeni emithathu ngokwesilinganiso, zichitha imizuzu engu-20 kuphela ngosuku ‘zinyakazisa umzimba.’ Ephawula ngalolo cwaningo uDkt. James Hill, uprofesa ongudokotela wezingane e-University of Colorado, wathi: “Ukuvilapha kwezingane zase-U.K. [United Kingdom] akuyona into engavamile, sekuyabonakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni.”
Liyini Ikhambi?
Ochwepheshe bezokudla abakukhuthazi ukuba izingane zibekelwe imingcele eqinile ekudleni ngoba lokhu kungase kuthuntubeze ukukhula kanye nempilo yazo. Kunalokho, iMayo Clinic ithi: “Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu yokulwa nokukhuluphala kwengane iwukuthuthukisa indlela yokudla kanye nokuzivivinya umzimba kwawo wonke umkhaya.”—Bheka ibhokisi elihambisana nalesi sihloko.
Kwenze kube isibopho somkhaya ukudla ukudla okunempilo. Uma ukwenza, nezingane zakho ziyokulingisa, zingayeki ngisho sezikhulile.
[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 28]
YINI ABAZALI ABANGAYENZA?
1 Thengani futhi nidle izithelo nemifino kakhulu kunokuba nenze ukudla okusheshayo.
2 Nciphisani iziphuzo ezibandayo ezinoshukela, kanye nokudla okulula okunamafutha amaningi. Kunalokho phuzani amanzi noma ubisi olunamafutha amancane noma ukudla okulula okunempilo.
3 Sebenzisani izindlela zokupheka ezingadingi amafutha amaningi, njengokupheka ngohhavini, ukosa, nokubilisa kunokuthosa.
4 Phakani kancane.
5 Kugwemeni ukuncenga noma ukubonga izingane zenu ngokuzinika ukudla.
6 Ningazivumeli izingane zingadli ukudla kwasekuseni. Lokho kungaholela ekutheni zidle kakhulu uma sezidla kamuva.
7 Hlalani etafuleni uma nidla. Ukudla ugqolozele i-TV noma i-computer kukwenza udle kakhulu futhi ungazizwa noma ususuthi.
8 Khuthazani ukuvivinya umzimba, njengokushova ibhayisikili, ukudlala ibhola noma ingqathu.
9 Nciphisani isikhathi enisichitha nibuka ithelevishini, nisebenzisa i-computer noma nidlala imidlalo ye-video.
10 Hlelani ukuphuma nishaywe umoya njengomkhaya, njengokuya e-zoo, ukuyobhukuda nokuyodlala epaki.
11 Yabelani izingane zenu imisebenzi yasekhaya.
12 Bekani isibonelo sokudla ukudla okunempilo nokuvivinya umzimba.
[Umthombo]
Umthombo: I-National Institutes of Health and the Mayo Clinic