Ukubhekana Nezinkinga Zendlala Yesinye

“Lapho ngineminyaka engu-54 ubudala, ngaqala ukushobinga kaningi, ngezinye izikhathi njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-30. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaya kudokotela, futhi ngathola ukuthi kwakudingeka ngikhishwe indlala yesinye.” Imibiko enjalo ivamile emithola-mpilo eyelapha izifo zendlala yesinye emhlabeni wonke. Yini indoda engayenza ukuze ivimbele izifo zendlala yesinye? Kufanele ilifune nini icebiso lezokwelapha?

INDLALA yesinye (prostate), yindlala eme njenge-walnut, engezansi kwesinye futhi izungeze ipayipi lomchamo. (Bheka umfanekiso wezitho zowesilisa.) Kowesilisa omdala, inesisindo esingamagremu angu-20 futhi ngokuvamile inobukhulu obungamasentimitha amane, ubude obungamasentimitha amathathu nobubanzi obungamasentimitha amabili ukuvundla. Umsebenzi wayo uwukukhiqiza uketshezi olwakha ingxenye engaba amaphesenti angu-30 esidoda. Lolu ketshezi, olune-asidi i-citric, i-calcium nama-enzyme, ngokunokwenzeka luthuthukisa amandla esidoda (ikhono lokubhukuda) nenzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi olukhishwa yile ndlala lune-zinc, ososayensi abathi ivikela ezifweni zomgudu wezitho zobulili.

Ukubona Indlala Yesinye Egulayo

Izimpawu eziningi zezitho zobulili kwabesilisa zihlobene nesifo sendlala yesinye evuvukele noma enesimila. I-prostatitis—ukuvuvukala kwendlala yesinye—kungabangela imfiva, ukushisa komchamo nobuhlungu besinye. Uma indlala yesinye ivuvukele kakhulu, ingenza ogulayo angakwazi ukuchama. Uma lokho kuvuvukala kubangelwa amagciwane, leso sifo kuthiwa i-bacterial prostatitis, futhi singaba buhlungu noma sibe yingozi. Ngokuvamile sihlobene nesifo somgudu womchamo. Nokho, kubantu abaningi, imbangela yokuvuvukala ayitholakali, futhi ngenxa yalokho isifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-nonbacterial prostatitis.

Izinkinga ezivamile zendlala yesinye ukushobinga kaningi, ukuchama ebusuku, ukuncipha komfutho womchamo nomuzwa wokuthi isinye sinokuthile. Ngokuvamile lezi yizimpawu ze-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—ukukhukhumala kwendlala yesinye okungenawo umdlavuza—okungathinta amadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40. Ukuvama kwe-BPH kuyanda njengoba umuntu ekhula. Itholakala kwabesilisa abangamaphesenti angu-25 abaneminyaka engu-55 namaphesenti angu-50 abaneminyaka engu-75.

Indlala yesinye ingaba nezimila eziyingozi. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza wale ndlala utholakala ekupopolweni okuvamile, ngisho nalapho zingekho izinkinga ezibangelwa yindlala yesinye. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kube ukuhluleka ukuchama nokuvuvukala kwesinye. Uma umdlavuza usudlulele kwezinye izitho, kungase kube nobuhlungu beqolo, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa nokuvuvukala kwemilenze ngenxa yokuvaleka kwesimiso se-lymph (uketshezi olunezinhlayiya zegazi ezimhlophe). Onyakeni wamuva nje, kwabikwa abantu abangaba ngu-300 000 abanomdlavuza wendlala yesinye e-United States futhi wabulala abangu-41 000. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amadoda angamaphesenti angu-30 aneminyaka engu-60 kuya kwengu-69 kanye namadoda angamaphesenti angu-67 aneminyaka engu-80 kuya kwengu-89 azoba nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye.

Ubani Osengozini Yokuba Nawo?

Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye anda ngokushesha lapho umuntu esevile eminyakeni engu-50. E-United States, lo mdlavuza uvame cishe ngokuphindwe kabili kwabesilisa abansundu kunakwabamhlophe. Ukuvama kwalesi sifo kuyahlukahluka emhlabeni wonke, sandé kakhulu eNyakatho Melika nasemazweni aseYurophu, bese kuba seNingizimu Melika, kanti siphansi e-Asia. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuhluka kwezimo zendawo noma ukudla kunethonya elibalulekile ekwandeni komdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Uma indoda ithuthela ezweni lapho lesi sifo sivame kakhulu khona, ingozi ebhekene nayo ingase ikhule.

Amadoda anezihlobo ezinomdlavuza wendlala yesinye asengozini enkulu yokuba nawo. I-American Cancer Society iyachaza: “Uma indoda inoyise noma umfowabo onomdlavuza wendlala yesinye, lokhu kwandisa amathuba okungenwa yilesi sifo ngokuphindwe kabili.” Ezinye izici ezandisa ingozi ubudala beminyaka, uhlanga, izwe umuntu ahlala kulo, umlando womkhaya, ukudla nokungavivinyi umzimba. Amadoda adla ukudla okunamafutha kakhulu nangawuvivinyi njalo umzimba andisa amathuba okungenwa yilo mdlavuza.

Ukuvimbela Izifo Zendlala Yesinye

Nakuba ososayensi bengazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka kuhileleke izici zofuzo nama-hormone. Ngokujabulisayo, zimbili izici eziyingozi esingazilawula—ukudla nokungawuvivinyi umzimba. I-American Cancer Society itusa “ukunciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi ezilwane futhi ukhethe okuningi kokudla okudlayo ezitshalweni.” Itusa nokuba umuntu adle “izithelo nemifino kahlanu noma ngaphezulu ngosuku,” kanye nesinkwa, okusanhlamvu, i-pasta, eminye imikhiqizo esanhlamvu, irayisi nobhontshisi. Utamatisi, upapamuzi namakhabe anama-lycopene amaningi—izakhi ezinqanda umoya-mpilo ezivimbela ukulimala kwe-DNA futhi ezingase zisize ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi amanye amakhambi namaminerali angase asize.

I-American Cancer Society ne-American Urological Association zikholelwa ukuthi ukupopolelwa umdlavuza wendlala yesinye kungasindisa ukuphila. Ukwelapha kunamathuba angcono okuphumelela uma umdlavuza utholakala usaqala. I-American Cancer Society itusa ukuba amadoda evile eminyakeni engu-50, noma evile kwengu-45 emaqenjini asengozini enkulu, ahlolwe minyaka yonke.a

Lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthiwa i-prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Le antigen iyiprotheni ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana endlala yesinye. Izinga layo liyanda uma umuntu enesifo esithile sendlala yesinye. I-American Cancer Society ithi: “Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ingemihle, cela udokotela ukuba akuchazele ngezingozi zomdlavuza obhekene nazo nesidingo sokuba uphinde uhlolwe.” Kuhlanganiswa nokuhlolwa okuthiwa i-digital rectal exam (DRE). Ngokuhlola umgudu wendle kogulayo, udokotela angakwazi ukuzwa izindawo ezinenkinga zendlala yesinye, ngoba le ndlala isengxenyeni engaphambili yomgudu wendle. (Bheka umfanekiso wezitho zobulili zowesilisa ekhasini 20.) Ukuhlolwa nge-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) kuwusizo “uma i-PSA noma i-DRE ibonisa izimpawu ezingezinhle” futhi udokotela efuna ukunquma ukuthi kufanele yini atuse ukuba kuthathwe isampula yendlala yesinye noma cha. Lokhu kuhlola kuthatha cishe imizuzu engu-20.

Ngaphandle kokuthola umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke kungathola ne-BPH, okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni, lapho isanda kuqala, okunganciphisa inqubo yokwelapha ekhandla umzimba. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Izindlela Zokwelapha I-BPH.”) Ukuziphatha okuhlanzekile kuvikela umuntu ezifweni ezithathelwana ngobulili, ezingabangela i-prostatitis.

Ngokuqinisekile indlala yakho yesinye idinga ukuvikelwa nokunakekelwa. Indoda okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko yalandisa ukuthi isiluleme ngokuphelele ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwayo. Ithi “wonke amadoda kufanele avume ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke njengesivikelo,” ngisho noma engenazo izimpawu.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 21]

Izimpawu Ze-Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Iziyalezo: Phendula imibuzo engezansi ngokukokelezela inombolo efanele.

Imibuzo 1 kuya ku-6 kufanele iphendulwe ngale ndlela:

0—Lutho neze

1—Isikhathi esisodwa kwezinhlanu

2—Ngaphansi kwengxenye yesikhathi

3—Cishe ingxenye yesikhathi

4—Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi

5—Cishe njalo

1. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, ngemva kokuqeda ukuchama, kube kangaki uzwa sengathi awuphumanga wonke umchamo esinyeni? 0 1 2 3 4 5

2. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, kuye kwadingeka ukuba uchame kangaki phakathi namahora amabili? 0 1 2 3 4 5

3. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, kwenzeke kangaki ukuba umchamo unqamuke uphinde udedeleke lapho uchama? 0 1 2 3 4 5

4. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, kube kangaki ukuthola kunzima ukubamba umchamo? 0 1 2 3 4 5

5. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, kube kangaki uzithola ungenawo umfutho wokukhipha umchamo? 0 1 2 3 4 5

6. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, kube kangaki kudingeka ukuba ufuqe ngamandla ukuze uchame? 0 1 2 3 4 5

7. Phakathi nenyanga edlule, kuye kwadingeka ukuba uvuke kangaki uyochama kusukela ngesikhathi olale ngaso kuze kube sekuseni? (Kokelezela inani lezikhathi.) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Ingqikithi yezinombolo ozikokelezele iyisibalo sakho se-BPH. Ayinalutho: 0-7; iyasongela: 8-19; ’yimbi kakhulu: 20-35.

[Umthombo]

(Kuthathwe kuyi-American Urological Association)

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 22]

Izindlela Zokwelapha I-BPH

◼ IMITHI: Kusetshenziswa imithi eminingi ehlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi umuntu ngamunye unaziphi izimpawu. Le mithi ungayithola kudokotela wakho kuphela.

◼ UKUQAPHA: Umuntu uhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi.

◼ UKUHLINZWA:

(a) Esebenzisa ukuhlinzwa kokuvula indlala yesinye (“transurethral resection of the prostate” [TURP], udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka epayipini lomchamo ithuluzi (i-resectoscope) elinenkintsho enogesi esika izicubu bese ivala imithambo yegazi. Akudingeki ukuba usikwe ngaphandle. Kuthatha cishe ihora nesigamu. Izinqubo ezisebenzisa ipayipi lomchamo azibuhlungu njengokuhlinzwa ngaphandle.

(b) Ukuvulwa kwendlala yesinye kusetshenziswa ipayipi lomchamo (“transurethral incision of the prostate” [TUIP]. Kunjenge-TURP. Nokho, le nqubo ivula ipayipi lomchamo ngokusika kancane lapho isinye sihlangana khona nepayipi lomchamo nasendlaleni yesinye ngokwayo.

(c) Ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwenziwa lapho inqubo esebenzisa ipayipi lomchamo ingenakusetshenziswa ngoba indlala yesinye ivuvukele kakhulu. Ukuhlinzwa kudinga ukuba umuntu asikwe.

(d) Ukuhlinza ngemisebe ye-“laser” kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-laser ukuze kushiswe izicubu zendlala yesinye eziphazamisayo.

Ogulayo kufanele azenzele isinqumo sokugcina sokuthi yikuphi ulwelashwa ayokukhetha uma ekhetha ukwelashwa. Umbiko wamuva kuyi-New York Times uphawula ukuthi abanye ochwepheshe bayanqikaza ngisho nokupopola abantu ukuthi banawo yini umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, ikakhulukazi uma kungamadoda asekhulile, ngoba “uyisifo esithatha kancane esingase singabi usongo empilweni, kanti ukuselapha kungase kube nemiphumela engemihle neze.”

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 22]

Imibuzo Ongayibuza Udokotela Wakho Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa

1. Iyiphi indlela yokuhlinza oyitusayo?

2. Kungani kufanele ngihlinzwe?

3. Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa?

4. Ziyini izinzuzo zokuhlinzwa?

5. Ziyini izingozi zokuhlinzwa? (Ngokwesibonelo, ukopha noma ukufa kwemizwa.)

6. Kuthiwani uma ngingakufuni ukuhlinzwa?

7. Ngingawuthola kanjani umbono womunye udokotela?

8. Unalo yini ulwazi lokuhlinza ngale ndlela ngaphandle kokumpompela igazi?

9. Ngiyohlinzelwa kuphi? Ingabe odokotela nabahlengikazi bayawahlonipha amalungelo esiguli endabeni yokumpontshelwa igazi?

10. Hlobo luni lwendlela yokubulala izinzwa oluyosetshenziswa? Ingabe udokotela obulala izinzwa unolwazi lokuhlinza ngaphandle kokumpompela igazi?

11. Kuyothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba ngilulame?

12. Kuyobiza malini ukuhlinzwa?

[Umdwebo ekhasini 20]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

Umfanekiso wezitho zobulili zowesilisa

Isinye

Indlala yesinye

Umgudu wendle

Ipayipi lomchamo

[Isithombe ekhasini 23]

Ukudla okunomsoco nokuvivinya umzimba okufanele kungase kunciphise ingozi yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye