Umonakalo Obangelwa Ukuzama Ukwenza Okuningi Kakhulu

Amazwe Asentshonalanga Namuhla Athanda Ijubane Nokunethezeka.

IMISHINI yokugeza izitsha yonga isikhathi ekhishini. Imishini yokuwasha yenza okufanayo elondolo. Izigidi zabantu akudingeki nokuba ziphume ekhaya ukuze ziyothenga noma ziye ebhange—zimane zivule i-computer zisebenzise i-Internet.

Yebo, umhlaba, okungenani ingxenye yawo, ugcwele zonke izinhlobo zemishini eyonga isikhathi futhi inciphise umsebenzi. Ngakho, ubungacabanga ukuthi abantu banesikhathi esiningi abangasichitha nemikhaya yabo nesokuphumula. Kodwa ngokuvamile, abaningi bathi batubekile futhi bacindezelekile kunanoma yinini ngaphambili. Izimbangela ziningi futhi ziyadida.

Izingcindezi zezomnotho zihamba phambili. I-Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training yahlaziya inani lamahora abantu abawachitha emsebenzini kulelo zwe futhi yathola ukuthi “ingxenye enkulu isebenza amahora angaphezu kwangu-49 ngesonto” futhi “lokhu kwanda kwamahora okusebenza cishe kwakuyoba nethonya elibi kakhulu ekuphileni komkhaya nasemphakathini.” Izisebenzi eziningi zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwedolobha eziluhlaza nezithulile. Lokho kungasho ukuchitha amahora amaningi ngesonto—noma usuku ngalunye—zihamba ngezitimela nangamabhasi agcwele noma zisemigwaqweni enesiminyaminya sezimoto. Empeleni, lokhu kwandisa ubude bosuku lokusebenza nokucindezela kwalo.

Ingabe Unesikweletu Sobuthongo?

Izinkinga zokulala sezivame kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva kangangokuthi sekukhona imithola-mpilo yezinkinga zokulala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Abacwaningi baye bathola ukuthi uma njalo abantu bengalali ngokwanele, bandisa isikweletu sobuthongo. Ngokwemvelo, umzimba ufuna ukukhokha lesi sikweletu futhi ugqugquzela lokho ngokubenza bazizwe bekhathele. Kodwa ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yanamuhla engenasikhathi sokulala, abantu abaningi bahlala bekhathele.

Kwelinye izwe laseNtshonalanga, isikhathi sokulala siye sehla ngamaphesenti angu-20 phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kusukela esilinganisweni samahora angu-9 kuya kwangu-7 ngobusuku. Abacwaningi baye baqoqa ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi isikweletu sobuthongo sibangela izinkinga zokufunda nezenkumbulo, ukukhubazeka kwamakhono okunyakaza kwezicubu futhi senze buthakathaka isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba. Abaningi bethu baye bazibonela mathupha ukuthi ingqondo ekhathele ithambekele ekwenzeni amaphutha. Ngokudabukisayo, la maphutha angaba mabi futhi abangele inhlekelele.

Ingozi Enkulu Yokukhathala

Ukukhathala okubangelwa ukusebenza amahora amaningi nokudilizwa kwezisebenzi kuthiwa kwaba nengxenye kwezinye zezinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Phakathi kwalezi, yinhlekelele yenuzi eChernobyl, e-Ukraine; ukuqhuma komkhumbi-mkhathi i-Challenger; nokuchitheka kukawoyela ngesikhathi umkhumbi i-Exxon Valdez ushayisa izixhobo zama-coral ePrince William Sound, e-Alaska.

Ukuqhuma eChernobyl kwenzeka phakathi nokuhlolwa okukhethekile esikhungweni senuzi. Encwadini yakhe ethi The 24-Hour Society, uMartin Moore-Ede uthi ukuhlolwa “kwakuqondiswa yiqembu elikhathele lonjiniyela bakagesi ababekade bekulesi sikhungo okungenani amahora angu-13, noma mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwalokho ngenxa yokwephuza ngamahora ayishumi ekutholeni imvume yokuqala umsebenzi.” Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ngokocwaningo lwamuva, omunye umphumela wesikhathi eside odabukisayo wokusakazeka kwemisebe, ukwanda okuphindwe kayishumi komdlavuza wegilo ezinganeni zase-Ukraine kusukela ngo-1986.

Ngemva kokuphenyisisa ukuqhuma komkhumbi-mkhathi i-Challenger, umbiko wekhomishane kamongameli wathi elinye iqembu lezisebenzi leqa isikhathi esengeziwe sokusebenza esingamahora angu-20 izikhathi ezingu-480 kwathi elinye laseqa izikhathi ezingu-2 512. Lo mbiko wanezela ngokuthi ukukhathala kwabaqondisi, okwakubangelwe “ukusebenza amahora angavamile izinsuku eziningana nokungalali ngokwanele,” nakho kwakuyisici esibalulekile esabangela ukuba umkhumbi-mkhathi uthole imvume eyiphutha yokuba usuke. Lo mbiko waphawula ukuthi “lapho kusetshenzwa isikhathi esengeziwe ngokweqile, ikhono lezisebenzi liyancipha futhi kwande ukuthambekela kobuntu kokwenza amaphutha.”

Ngokwezikhulu zenyunyana, ukudilizwa kwezisebenzi, okwakuhloselwe ukunciphisa izindleko kwasho ukuthi amatilosi akuyi-Exxon Valdez kwakudingeka asebenze amahora amaningi futhi enze umsebenzi owengeziwe. Umbiko wale nhlekelele uchaza ukuthi umsizi kakaputeni owayeqondisa umkhumbi lapho uzika ngemva nje kwaphakathi kwamabili, wayelokhu esebenzé kusukela ekuseni ngalolo suku. Kwachitheka amalitha kawoyela abalelwa ku-42 000 000—ukuchitheka kukawoyela okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni we-United States—kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu emabhishi nasezilwaneni zasendle futhi kwadla imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zama-dollar (izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14 zamaRandi) ukuze kuhlanzwe.

Izingozi Ezicashe Kakhulu Zokukhathala

Ngokokunye ukulinganisa, ukukhathala nokutubeka kubiza umhlaba wonke okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-2,7 unyaka ngamunye! Kodwa ayikho imali engalingana nokuphila nempilo yomuntu, okuvame ukuthinteka nako. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izingozi zomgwaqo. Umthola-mpilo wezinkinga zokulala eSydney, e-Australia, uthi amaphesenti aphakathi kwangu-20 nangu-30 ezingozi zomgwaqo kulelo zwe abangelwa ukulala kwabashayeli ngesikhathi beshayela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi e-United States, ukozela kunengxenye ezingozini zomgwaqo okungenani ezingu-100 000 ezenzeka unyaka ngamunye.

Nokho, imiphumela yokukhathala ingase ingagcini lapho. Umuntu olimale engozini ophuthunyiswa esibhedlela ukuze ayohlinzwa unethemba lokuthi udokotela uphapheme futhi uqaphile. Kodwa ngenxa yesimiso esimatasa nokusebenza amahora amaningi, udokotela angase angabi neze ophapheme noqaphile! Umbiko we-Australian Institute of Health and Welfare wembula ukuthi amaphesenti angaba yishumi odokotela ayesebenza amahora angaphezu kwangu-65 ngesonto, amaphesenti angu-17 odokotela abangochwepheshe bezifo ezithile ayesebenza amahora angaphezu kwalawo, kanti amaphesenti amahlanu “odokotela abasha” ayesebenza amahora angaphezu kwangu-80 ngesonto!

UMartin Moore-Ede uthi: “Imishini ivikelwa yizincwadi zokuyisebenzisa, amalebula ezixwayiso nezifundo zokuqeqeshwa. Abantu bafika kuleli zwe bengenakho ukuvikeleka okunjalo. . . . Iqiniso elishaqisayo liwukuthi sazi okuncane kakhulu ngemininingwane yokuklanywa komuntu uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho esikwaziyo ngemishini ayisebenzisayo.”

Umzimba wethu awunazo izibani ezibomvu ezibanizayo noma izinhlabamkhosi ezisitshela ukuba siyeke noma sinciphise ijubane. Noma kunjalo, uyasinikeza izimpawu zokusixwayisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona, ukushintsha kwesimo senjabulo, ukucindezeleka nokuthambekela kokuguliswa yinoma yini. Uma unalezi zimpawu—futhi ungenayo inkinga engokomzimba noma engokwempilo eyimbangela yazo—kungenzeka lesi yisikhathi sokuhlaziya indlela yakho yokuphila.

Umonakalo Wokuba Matasa Ebudlelwaneni

Indlela yokuphila ecindezelayo, engenasikhathi sokulala iyabulimaza ubudlelwane babantu. Cabangela indaba yombhangqwana osanda kushada, uJohn noMaria.a Babefuna lokho okufunwa imibhangqwana eminingi esanda kushada—umuzi onethezekile nokuba nezimali. Ngakho bobabili básebenza isikhathi esigcwele. Kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza ngezikhathi ezingafani, sincane isikhathi ababesichitha ndawonye. Ngokushesha ubuhlobo babo baqala ukuwohloka. Kodwa baziziba izimpawu futhi baqhubeka nesimiso sabo esikhandlayo kwaze kwaba yilapho umshado wabo, owawungakabi kuphi, uchitheka.

Incwadi ethi The 24-Hour Society ithi: “Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izinga lesehlukaniso emikhayeni esebenza ngezikhathi ezingafani liphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-60 kunelezisebenzi zasemini ezisebenza imisebenzini evamile.” Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenza ngezikhathi ezingafani noma cha, imibhangqwana eminingi izama ukumpintsha okuningi ekuphileni kwayo kangangokuthi, empeleni, ibulala imishado yayo. Kwabanye, ukucindezeleka nokukhathala kungase kubangele ukudla izidakamizwa nokuphuza ngokweqile nemikhuba yokudla emibi—izici ezinganezeli nje kuphela ukukhathala kodwa ezingaholela kwezinye izinkinga eziningi, ngisho nokunukubezwa kwezingane.

Ukuze zisize abazali babhekane nezimiso ezikhandlayo, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane ziyanda, futhi ezinye zivulwa amahora angu-24. Kodwa ezinganeni eziningi i-TV iba umzanyana. Yebo, ukuze izingane zikhule zibe abantu abadala abanokwethenjelwa, abazinzile ngokomzwelo, zidinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi esizuzisayo nabazali bazo. Ngakho, abazali abakhathele kakhulu ukuba bangachitha isikhathi nezingane ngenxa yokuzama ukulondoloza izinga lokuphila eliphakeme ngokungenangqondo, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukuba bacabangele imiphumela—ezinganeni zabo nakubo.

Emphakathini wanamuhla osheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, asebekhulile nabo bavame ukuba yizisulu. Ijubane izinto ezishintsha ngalo nenqwaba yemishini ethengiswayo kwenza abaningi badideke, bazizwe bengalondekile, besaba futhi besele emuva. Ngakho libaphatheleni ikusasa?

Ingabe sonke—abadala nabancane—asinandlela yokuzivikela kuleli zwe elibonakala lizimisele ukushesha nakakhulu? Noma ingabe zikhona izinto esingazenza ezingasisiza ukuba sibhekane nesimo futhi sithuthukise ukuphila kwethu? Ngokujabulisayo zikhona, njengoba sizobona esihlokweni esilandelayo.

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Kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhathala kwaba nengxenye enhlekeleleni yenuzi eChernobyl, ekuqhumeni komkhumbi-mkhathi i-“Challenger” nasekuchithekeni kukawoyela emkhunjini i-“Exxon Valdez”

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Courtesy U.S. Department of Energy’s International Nuclear Safety Program

NASA photo

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Izinga lokuphila elisheshayo lingaholela emishadweni ecindezelekile

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Bezama ukubhekana nesimo, abanye baphuza ngokweqile