Ukubuka Okwezwe

Umngane Wabantu Omkhulu?

Umbiko wephephandaba laseMexico City i-Universal uthi izingane ezincane ezishiywa nenja zingagadiwe zisengozini yokuba izilume. Lo mbiko uthi: “Cishe njalo kuba yingane eyisukelayo, bese inja ithi iyazivikela nje.” Isibhedlela esithile saseMexico siye selapha izingane ezingu-426 ezilunywe yizinja kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Ezingamaphesenti angu-12 kulezi zingane zalimala kabi kakhulu noma zakhubazeka. Lo mbiko ukhuthaza abazali ukuba bafundise izingane zabo imithetho eyisisekelo ngazo zonke izinja: Ihloniphe impahla yazo, indlu yazo nezitsha zazo zokudlela; ungasondeli enjeni uma idla noma ilele; ungayidonsi ngomsila noma uzame ukuyigibela.

Inkinga Yokuzibulala EJapane

AmaJapane amaningi athi ngenxa yokungathuthuki komnotho, mhlawumbe “amaJapane asephelelwe yinjongo,” futhi “awasenaso isiqondiso.” I-New York Times ibika ukuthi umphumela walokhu “ukwanda kwenani labantu abaye bazibulala kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Emphakathini onamahloni kakhulu, amazinga aphakeme okuswelakala komsebenzi aye enza amadoda amaningi aba yimizulane ephelelwe yithemba, eshaya sengathi anemisebenzi emihle ngokuthi angahlali ekhaya usuku lonke.” Bekhathazekile futhi behlazekile, abanye bacabanga ukuzibulala. “Alikho ithemba,” kusho uDkt. Yukio Saito. “Abantu abanawo amaphupho ngekusasa, futhi konke kubonakala sengathi kuyawohloka. . . . Ukuzibulala sekuwumqedazwe.” Umkhuba wokuzibulala ngokuziphonsa phambi kwesitimela sewande kakhulu. Izama ukunqanda abenza kanjalo, inkampani ethile kaloliwe ipende imigamanxo yaba luhlaza okotshani ukuze ishintshe isimo sengqondo somuntu ocabanga ukuzibulala, yafaka izibuko ngaphesheya kwamapulatifomu ukuze umuntu ame acabange. Le nkampani iye yagunda notshani endaweni ezungezile ukuze abantu bangakwazi ukuzifihla. Nokho, ochwepheshe bathi uma isimo somnotho singathuthuki, cishe le mizamo iyobhuntsha.

Ukuphikisana Kanye Nomshado

Umagazini i-Time uthi ucwaningo olusha luka-Andrew Christensen wase-University of California eLos Angeles luthole ukuthi “imibhangqwana engagxeki njalo nebekezelela ukungafani kwemibono inemishado ephumelela kakhulu.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphikisana kuvame ukubhebhezela ingxabano.

Ukulala Ngokwanele

“Siwumphakathi ongalali nhlobo,” kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sase-University of British Columbia uStanley Coren. Ingozi yenuzi yaseThree Mile Island nokuchitheka kukawoyela emkhunjini i-Exxon Valdez kuthiwa ngokwengxenye kwabangelwa ukungalali ngokwanele. Umagazini waseCanada i-Maclean’s uthi ukozela kubangela izingozi zezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 ngonyaka eNyakatho Melika. Uchwepheshe wezokulala waseStanford University uDkt. William Dement uyaxwayisa: “Abantu abaqondi ngempela ukuthi badinga ukulala kangakanani.” Ukuze ulale kahle, nakhu abacwaningi abakusikiselayo: Yidla ukudla kwakusihlwa okungenani amahora amathathu ngaphambi kokuba uyolala. Lala futhi uvuke ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye. Ungayibeki i-TV noma i-computer ekamelweni. Gwema ikhofi, utshwala nogwayi. Gqoka amasokisi ukuze izinyawo zifudumale uma ulele. Geza ngamanzi afudumele ngaphambi kokuyolala. Vivinya umzimba nsuku zonke—kodwa ungakwenzi ngaphambi nje kokulala. Okokugcina, i-Maclean’s ithi: “Uma bungehli ubuthongo, vuka wenze okuthile. Phindela ezingutsheni uma sewozela kuphela, bese uvuka ngesikhathi esivamile.”

Ukugcina Ikhishi Lihlanzekile

“I-bleach [evamile] iyisivikelo sakho esiphambili” emagciwaneni abanga izifo azifihla ekhishini elimatasa, kusho iphephandaba laseCanada i-Vancouver Sun. Lo mbiko unikeza ukusikisela okulandelayo: Nsuku zonke xuba amamilimitha angu-30 e-bleach namalitha amane amanzi afudumele, hhayi ashisayo. Amanzi ashisayo enza i-bleach ihwamuke. Sula izinto zasekhishini ngala manzi, usebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile. Ziyeke zome. Ukuyeka i-bleach yome kubulala amagciwane engeziwe. Geza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo anensipho, bese uzigcina emanzini ane-bleach imizuzu embalwa. Alikho iphunga lamakhemikhali eliyosalela ezitsheni lapho sezomile. Nsuku zonke, washa futhi ufake kuyi-bleach iziponji zokuwasha izitsha, izimfaduko namabhulashi okukhuhla. Futhi ukuze unciphise ingozi yokungcolisa ukudla ngezandla zakho, zigezisise, ikakhulukazi izinzipho.

Izilimi Ezisengozini

EMexico kunabantu abaningi abakhuluma izilimi zabomdabu kunawo wonke amazwe aseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwelaseNdiya neChina, iMexico ingeyesithathu emhlabeni ngenani lezilimi zabomdabu ezisasetshenziswa. Iphephandaba lesiNgisi laseMexico i-News libika ukuthi eziningi zalezi zilimi ziyafa. URafael Tovar y de Teresa, umqondisi we-Council for Culture and the Arts, uchaza ukuthi phakathi kwezilimi zabomdabu ezingaphansi kwekhulu ebezikhulunywa eMexico ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, zingu-62 kuphela ezisele. Futhi ezingu-16 zalezi zilimi zikhulunywa abantu abangaphansi kwenkulungwane. Okukhathazayo ukuthi lapho izilimi zifa, namagama omdabu ezitshalo ayanyamalala, okubangela ukulahleka kolwazi lokuthi abomdabu babezisebenzisa kanjani ekwelapheni izifo.

Ungaphuzi Bese Uyobhukuda

Phakathi nonyaka othile muva nje, imibiko eminingi yokuminza kwabantu eJalimane yayihilela “ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile,” kusho uDkt. Klaus Wilkens, umongameli we-German Lifesaving Association. Ngokwepheshana lezempilo i-Apotheken Umschau, kwaminza abantu abangu-477 emifuleni, emifudlaneni nasemachibini aseJalimane ngo-1998. Ukuphuza bese uyobhukuda kuyingozi ngoba utshwala bungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba nemisipha futhi bungakwenza ukuba uzethembe ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, abatakuli bababhukudi bayaxwayisa: ‘Ungaphuzi bese uyobhukuda!’

Bayakhokhelwa Ukuze Babulale Izinambuzane

I-Times of India ibika ukuthi umnyango wezamahlathi weSifundazwe sase-Uttar Pradesh eNdiya usuqale umkhankaso wokubulala izinambuzane ngomzamo wokuvimba izinambuzane ezindizayo ezingamasentimitha amabili ubude okuthiwa ama-hoplo ukuba zingabhubhisi ihlathi lezihlahla ze-sal ezingaba ngu-650 000. Ngenxa yokuthi isibalo salezi zinambuzane sisanda kwenyuka, lezi zihlahla zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Lezi zinambuzane zigweda amagxolo neziqu, okwenza lezi zihlahla zome futhi zife. Umnyango wezamahlathi usebenzisa inqubo “yesihlahla esiwugibe” ukuze ibambe lezi zinambuzane. Kusakazwa amagxolo ezihlahla ezincane ze-sal endaweni lapho lezi zinambuzane zitholakala khona. Uketshezi oluphuma kula magxolo lubiza futhi ludake izinambuzane, lwenze kube lula ukuzibamba. Sekuqashwe abafana bendawo ukuba benze lo msebenzi, futhi bakhokhelwa ama-paisa angu-75 (cishe amasenti angu-15) ngesinambuzane ngasinye.

Umzwangedwa Wokuthatha Umhlalaphansi

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kube nezinzuzo zako, kodwa kungase kubangele nosizi ngokomzwelo. I-Diário de Pernambuco yaseBrazil ibika ukuthi abantu ababekade besebenzela uhulumeni bakhononda ngezinkinga ezihlukahlukene kuhlanganise ‘ukungeneliseki, ukucasuka, umuzwa wokungalondeki nokuphelelwa amacebo kuya ekucindezelekeni nokufelwa yizwe.’ Ngokukadokotela wezifo zasebekhulile uGuido Schachnik, “kuyinto evamile ngamadoda athatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuba aziduduze ngokuphuza noma ngabesifazane ukuba baphile ngokuphuza imithi.” Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uGraça Santos sithi labo abacabangela ukushiya phansi emsebenzini kufanele “bagweme izikweletu, bavuselele amakhono abo, futhi bafune nezeluleko ukuze bagweme ukungena bajule ezikweletini ezisindayo.”

Ingculaza Nezolimo EZambia

Umkhiqizo wezolimo eZambia uthiywa ukwanda okusheshayo kwengculaza kulelo zwe. Iphephandaba i-Zambia Daily Mail liphawula ukuthi omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yezolimo ngabalimi nabasizi babo abasebenzayo. Kodwa iningi lalezi zisebenzi libulawa yingculaza. I-Daily Mail iyabika: “Lapho abalimi befa, izisebenzi ziyancipha emapulazini futhi ngenxa yalokho amazinga omkhiqizo ehla kakhulu. Lokhu kuthinta ubuningi bokudla okutholwa umkhaya, okwandisa ubumpofu kakhulu.” NgokukaDaniel Mbepa, umphathi wesifunda saseMansa eZambia, ikhambi liwukuba abalimi bahlanganyele ubuhlobo bobulili nabangane babo bomshado kuphela. Wathi: “Ngokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okuhle, inganqandeka inkinga yengculaza.”