IMilan NeTurin—Amadolobha Okuthakazelisayo Ukuwavakashela

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-ITALY

UKUVAKASHELA e-Italy kungaba isenzakalo esithakazelisayo. Ukudla, iwayini, indawo, umlando, amasiko, umculo nolimi—konke kuyinhlanganisela eyenza ukuba ungalilibali leli zwe. Leli hlobo lingase libe isikhathi esihle sokubona le ndawo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abamenywe komunye wemihlangano yesigodi yoFakazi BakaJehova ezoba lapho. Manje ake sihambe nawe kancane sibone amadolobha amabili aphawulekayo ase-Italy nezindawo eziwazungezile.

IMilan—Iyona Nhloko-dolobha Yase-Italy?

Uma kuziwa kwezebhizinisi nezimboni, iMilan ivame ukubhekwa njengokuyiyona nhloko-dolobha yase-Italy. Uma iqhathaniswa namanye amadolobha ase-Italy, ayidumile kangako ngezinto zasendulo nezobuciko. Lapha, kubonakala kuyizinto zesimanje ezihamba phambili kunezasendulo. Noma kunjalo, iMilan inezinto zobuciko ezivelele nezakhiwo eziwubungcweti ezifakazela isikhathi sasendulo esesadlula.

Cishe ngo-600 B.C.E., kule ndawo kwakuhlala amaGaul, abantu basendulo abangamaCelt basendaweni manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iFrance. Ngo-222 B.C.E., amaRoma anqoba leli dolobha abe eseliqamba ngegama lesiLatini athi iMediolanum, manje osekuyiMilan. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, inhlonhlo yase-Italy iye yaba izwe elihlukanisiwe nelinqotshiwe, yaze yaqala ukuzimela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Ngakho iMilan yayihlaselwa njalo. Phakathi kwalabo ababehlala kule ndawo kwakukhona amaLombard, okungenzeka ayedabuka eScandinavia. Aqamba iLombardy ngegama lawo, indawo enhloko-dolobha yayo iMilan.

Woza Uzovakashela Leli dolobha

Umlando weMilan, njengowayo yonke i-Italy, ubuswa iSonto LamaKatolika. Yingakho-ke isonto lombhishobhi lapho liyisonto lesithathu ngobukhulu emasontweni aseYurophu futhi lingelinye lamasonto obuciko bamaGoth elikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba lingaba ngamamitha angu-150 ubude, ligcwele imibhoshongo nezithombe namatshe aqoshiwe angaphezu kuka-3 000. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1385 futhi lathatha amakhulu amahlanu eminyaka ukuba liphele. Namuhla uma amaNtaliyane ekhuluma ngomsebenzi othatha isikhathi eside ukuba uphele, athi ‘unjengokwakha isonto lombhishobhi.’

Abafundi beBhayibheli bazokuthakazelela ukubona igama likaNkulunkulu, libhalwe kwathiwa “Jahve,” phezulu efasiteleni elide elisohlangothini olungaphambili lwesonto lombhishobhi. Ingaphandle lalolu hlangothi olungaphambili lihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso eminingana yezindaba zaseBhayibhelini.

ICastello Sforzesco ingesinye sezakhiwo eseziwuphawu lwedolobha. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-15 ngumkhaya wakwaSforza, ababusi baseMilan. Namuhla inedlanzana leminyuziyamu. Elinye igumbi elidumile linemidwebo odongeni abanye abathi yadwetshwa uLeonardo da Vinci, umdwebi nososayensi odumile.

Phakathi kwemidwebo kaDa Vinci edumile kunomdwebo wasodongeni wesigodlo sikaSanta Maria delle Grazie sangekhulu le-15 ngeNkathi Yenguquko. Ubonisa uJesu esenzakalweni okuvame ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina futhi kuthiwa ungomunye wemidwebo edume kakhulu yangeNkathi Yenguquko. IPinacoteca di Brera, omunye umnyuziyamu, inelinye lamaqoqo amakhulu e-Italy emidwebo yabadwebi abadumile njengoBellini, uRaphael, uTintoretto noCaravaggio.

Abafundi beBhayibheli bazoyazisa iPinacoteca Ambrosiana, ewumtapo wezincwadi nendawo yemibukiso yobuciko. Lapho ungathola khona uCezu LukaMuratori, ibhuku lesiLatini lemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki ehlehlela emuva ekupheleni kwekhulu lesibili C.E. Lusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlelwa kweqoqo “leTestamente Elisha.”a

Wona lowo mtapo unombhalo wesandla obizwa ngokuthi i-Ambrosian O 39 sup., ohlehlela emuva ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-9 C.E., obonisa igama laphezulu ngeTetragrammaton ebhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesiHeberu eziyizikwele, njengoba kushiwo kuyi-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References.b Lo mtapo unanezinye izinguqulo ezindala zeBhayibheli kanye ne-Atlantic Codex, iqoqo lemidwebo engaphezu kuka-2 000 namanothi esayensi abhalwa nguLeonardo da Vinci.

Ukusikisela okuwusizo okumelwe izivakashi zikukhumbule ukuthi iminyuziyamu nemitapo eminingi isezakhiweni zasendulo, ezikhazimulayo ngobuhle bazo, kodwa ezigcwala kalula ngenxa yezivakashi zanamuhla ezihlale zithutheleka khona. Ezimweni eziningi izivakashi kufanele zibhalise kusengaphambili, futhi eminye iminyuziyamu iyasilinganisela isikhathi sokuvakasha.

Ngaphambi kokushiya ingxenye endala yedolobha, abathandi bomculo bangase bathande ukubona ingaphandle leLa Scala, enye yezindawo ze-opera ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngisho noma isivakashi singeke sibe khona kuyi-opera, singase sithande ukubona umnyuziyamu, lapho kukhangiswe khona ngezikhumbuzo eziningi zabaculi abadumile.c

Ukubona ingxenye yesimanje yeMilan, engelinye lamadolobha acebe kakhulu eYurophu, kanye nezakhiwo zayo eziphakeme nezinkundla zemidlalo kuyokwenza ubone ukuthi leli yidolobha elinjani. Uyokwazi ukujabulela izinto ezinhlobonhlobo, ubuhle nomlando omude waseMilan. Izivakashi ezithanda ukuthenga nokubuka indawo zingase zithande ukuvakashela iGalleria Vittorio Emanuele II enkulu, enophahla oluhle lwengilazi oluyindilinga phezulu.

Uyojabula ngokuthi weza eMilan! Kodwa manje ake siye ngasentshonalanga sivakashele elinye idolobha elikhulu lase-Italy elihluke ngokuphelele kuleli.

ITurin—Elinye Lamagugu Ase-Italy

ITurin, idolobha elinabantu abangaba yisigidi, lisenhlonhlweni encane yeSigodi sasePo, ezansi nentshonalanga yezintaba zase-Alps, ebangeni elingaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayikhulu ukusuka emngceleni weFrance. Lizungezwe “inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini” enkulu yezintaba ozibuka kuze kuphele amehlo. Cishe isigamu sesifundazwe saseTurin sinezintaba, amahlathi nemihosha. Uhambo oluthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwehora lukuyisa ezindaweni zamaholidi ezisezintabeni. Engakapheli amahora amabili ungabe ususebhishi eLiguria.

Umsuka weTurin uhlehlela emuva esikhathini esingaphambi kwamaRoma. Ekuqaleni yayiyindawo yabantu ababizwa ngokuthi amaTaurini, kamuva yaba ikoloni lamaRoma, okusabonakala izinsalela zalo endaweni yomlando. Kunezici zangenkathi ephakathi, kodwa eziningi zezakhiwo zobuciko zaleli dolobha zisukela ekhulwini le-17 nele-18, izakhiwo zobuciko ziklele emigwaqweni esenkabeni yedolobha.

ITurin inomunye weminyuziyamu yaseGibithe ephambili emhlabeni. Iqoqo lawo elihlukile lezinto zempucuko yasendulo yaseNile lidlulwa elaseCairo kuphela.

Ngokuvakasha amahora ambalwa nje kuphela, ungajabulela isikhungo somlando nesobuciko saleli dolobha, iMadama Palace, iRoyal Palace neMole Antonelliana, engamamitha angu-170 ukuphakama, kuze kube muva nje ebingesinye sezakhiwo zamatshe aqoshiwe ezinde kakhulu eYurophu. Njengophawu lwedolobha, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Eiffel Tower yaseParis eseTurin. Bese kuba khona iValentino Park, nezingadi zayo kanye notshani obuluhlaza, izindlela eziphahlwe yimithi, imithombo yamanzi nenqaba yangenkathi ephakathi—isakhiwo esisha esivuselelwe esifana nsé nomuzana wasePiedmont wangekhulu le-15.

ITurin ingesinye sezikhungo ezibalulekile ezikhiqiza izinto e-Italy. Iyikhaya lenkampani yezimoto ze-FIAT (Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino). Uma uthanda izimoto zakudala, iMuseo dell’Automobile esebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka edolobheni, ineqoqo lezimoto ezindala ezingu-150, kuhlanganise amaBugatti, amaMaserati namaLancia. Kusobala ukuthi kungani ukuphila cishe kwesigamu sabantu baseTurin manje kuncike embonini yezimoto ngandlela-thile.

OFakazi BakaJehova ETurin NaseMilan

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amadolobhana aseduze kweTurin egcwele amaWaldenses, inzalo yabashumayeli abajikelezayo beNguquko YamaProthestani. Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi ngesikhathi evakashele eYurophu, ngo-1891, uCharles Taze Russell, owayehola phakathi kwabaFundi BeBhayibheli bokuqala (njengoba oFakazi BakaJehova babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi), wahlangana nomfundisi wendawo wamaWaldenses, uDaniele Rivoir. URussell wahlela naye ukuba kube nezinsiza-kufundisa zeBhayibheli eziningana ezihunyushwa ngesiNtaliyane. Ngo-1903 kwakhiwa iqembu lokuqala labaFundi BeBhayibheli kule ndawo. Lapho uRussell ebuyela e-Italy ngo-1912, kwase kunabantu abangaba ngu-40 ababeqhuba imihlangano yobuKristu njalo esakhiweni sasePinerolo, eduze naseTurin. Futhi ePinerolo, kwaqhutshwa umhlangano wokuqala wesiNtaliyane ngo-1925.

Ngakho, abaFundi BeBhayibheli bokuqala eTurin bahlehlela emuva ngawo-1920. Izithunywa zevangeli zokuqala ezingoFakazi BakaJehova zathunyelwa e-Italy ngo-1946. Zasiza ekwakheni isisekelo esiqinile somsebenzi woFakazi BakaJehova. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1950, kwakhiwa amabandla okuqala eTurin. Manje kunoFakazi BakaJehova abangaba ngu-13 000 kuleli dolobha nasesifundazweni salo. Kodwa kuthiwani ngeMilan?

Isikhathi esingaphezudlwana nje konyaka, ihhovisi legatsha elimelele oFakazi BakaJehova e-Italy laliseMilan. Lathuthela eRoma ngo-1948. Umhlangano wokuqala wangemva kwempi wawusenkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yedolobha iMilan ngo-1947. Kwakukhona abangaba ngu-700 abavela kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe. Ngo-1963 kwaqhutshwa uMhlangano Wezizwe ‘Wezindaba Ezinhle Zaphakade’ eVigorelli Velodrome eMilan, ngaleso sikhathi okungenzeka yayiyindawo yemijaho yamabhayisekili edume kunazo zonke eYurophu.

Ukushumayela kwanamuhla koFakazi BakaJehova kuye kwaphumelela kakhulu eMilan. Okwamanje kunamabandla angu-57 kuleli dolobha, anabashumayeli abashisekayo bezindaba ezinhle abangaphezu kuka-4 000, kanye neHholo LoMhlangano endaweni eyayiyinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini.

Ukuvakashela eMilan naseTurin kungavuza ngempela. Noma yinini lapho uya khona, cishe uyokwamukelwa ngokufudumele futhi ube nesikhathi ongeke usikhohlwe.

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Indwangu YaseTurin—Yiyo Ngempela?

Mhlawumbe isici esivelele kakhulu seTurin indwangu abanye abakholelwa ukuthi kwasongwa ngayo umzimba kaKristu. Incwadi yeziqondiso yezivakashi iyachaza: “Into eyisikhumbuzo esingcwele edume kunazo zonke—nengatshazwa kunazo zonke—igcinwe esontweni lombhishobhi laseTurin.” Ihlale ibukiswe kwelinye lamasonto ababhishobhi, ivalelwe engilazini engangeni moya nengangeni nhlamvu egcwele igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali. Le ncwadi iyaqhubeka ithi: “Kodwa ngo-1988, inganekwane yendwangu yokungcwaba yavela: ukuhlolwa kobudala bendwangu kwabonisa ukuthi yaba khona ngemva kwekhulu le-12.”d

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(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

MILAN

TURIN

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Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

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Isonto lombhishobhi laseMilan

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Izinto zesimanje zibonakala kuyizo ezihamba phambili eMilan kunezasendulo

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EMilan, iScala (ngenhla) neGalleria Vittorio Emanuele II (kwesokudla)

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Umdwebo “weSidlo Sokugcina” kaLeonardo da Vinci

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Scala/Art Resource, NY

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Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena enqabeni yasendulo eTurin

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IMole Antonelliana eTurin; umbhoshongo wayo ungamamitha angu-170 ukuphakama

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Umfula iPo odlula eTurin