Likhona Yini Ikhambi?

KUFANELE uyenzeni into ongasayifuni? Ukuthi “yintshinge” kubonakala kuyimpendulo elula nesobala. Kodwa ukulahla udoti akulula kanjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uwulahlaphi? Inhlangano yezemvelo yase-Italy ilinganisela ukuthi ibhodlela elilahlwe olwandle liyothatha iminyaka eyinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba libole. Kanti amaphepha athambile abola ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Isinqamu sikagwayi singcolisa ulwandle kuze kuphele iminyaka emihlanu; ipulasitiki, iminyaka eyishumi kuya kwengu-20; izinto zenayiloni, iminyaka engu-30 kuya kwengu-40; amathini, iminyaka engu-500; i-polystyrene, iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Izibi ezinjalo ziye zanda kakhulu. Namuhla ziningi izinto ezidayiswayo, futhi ezokukhangisa zifuna sikholelwe ukuthi sizidinga zonke. Iphephandaba laseBrithani i-Guardian likufingqa kanje: “Abakhangisi basenza sanelise izidingo ebesingazi ukuthi sinazo.” Ngempela, siyalingeka ukuba sithenge izinto ezifikayo, funa siphuthelwe. Futhi-ke, ngolimi lwabakhangisi igama elithi “okusha” lisho “okungcono nokusezingeni eliphakeme,” kanti elithi “okudala” lisho “okuphansi nosekudlulelwe isikhathi.”

Ngakho siye sigqugquzelwe ukuba sithenge okusha kunokuba sikhande okudala. Kuthiwa ukuthenga izinto ezintsha kungcono futhi kuyonga kunokukhanda ezindala. Kuyiqiniso lokho ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa ngokuvamile ukulahla okudala uthenge okusha kuyabiza futhi akudingeki.

Izinto eziningi namuhla zakhiwe ngendlela yokuba zilahlwe. Kungase kube nzima ukuzikhanda—okuyinto okumelwe uyikhumbule lapho uthenga. Umagazini wabathengi waseJalimane waphawula: “Izinto seziya zihlala isikhathi esifushane nakakhulu. Obekusemfashinini izolo sekuyisidala namuhla futhi ngokuvamile kugcina ezaleni. Ngakho izinto zokwenza imikhiqizo njalo nje zigcina zingasenamsebenzi!”

Umthengi uyazuza ngempela yini ngokuthenga njalo nje uma kuthi akathenge? Empeleni kuzuza amabhizinisi wona asuke ehlose ukuzitholela imali. I-Weltwoche yamasonto onke yaseSwitzerland ithi: “Umnotho ungawa nakanjani uma bonke abantu bengasebenzisa ifenisha yabo nezimoto zabo baze bafe noma bakusebenzise isikhathi esiphindwe kabili kunaleso abakusebenzisa ngaso manje.” Ukuwa komnotho akulona neze ikhambi ngoba kulahlekisela abantu umsebenzi. Pho zingaqedwa kanjani izibi eziningi?

Sizilahle, Sizigaye Kabusha Noma Sizinciphise?

Amanye amazwe athuthukile athatha indlela enqamulelayo ngokumane nje achithe udoti wawo emazweni asathuthuka. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko othile ubonisa ukuthi “kwenye indawo yokulahla izibi edume kabi eNigeria kwatholakala ukuthi imigqomo engaphezu kuka-8 000 egqwalile nesibolile yayivuza amakhemikhali anobuthi angamathani angu-3 500, ayefaka ushevu enhlabathini nasemanzini.” Ukulahla udoti ngaleyo ndlela kubonakala kungelona ikhambi elisebenzayo futhi akuyona indlela etusekayo yokuphatha abanye.

Kuthiwani ngokuzigaya kabusha izinto esingasazifuni ukuze ziqhubeke zisetshenziswa esikhundleni sokumane sizintshinge? Izinhlelo ezinjalo-ke zidinga ukuba abathengi bazihlukanise izibi, osekuwumthetho kakade kwezinye izindawo. Uhulumeni angase acele ukuba izibi zihlukaniswe kuye ngokuthi zingamaphepha, amakhadibhodi, izinsimbi, ingilazi, nokudla. Izibi eziyizingilazi nazo kungadingeka zihlukaniswe ngokwemibala.

Ukugaya izinto kabusha ngokusobala kunezinzuzo. Incwadi ethi 5000 Days to Save the Planet ithi ukugaya kabusha i-aluminum “konga ugesi omningi” futhi “kunganciphisa nomonakalo odalwa ukumba i-bauxite [okumbiwa phansi okuvela kukho i-aluminum].” Le ncwadi iyenaba: “Lapho kugaywa kabusha iphepha kusetshenziswa ugesi oyisigamu salowo osetshenziswa lapho likhiqizwa okokuqala, nengxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi zamanzi. . . . Imikhiqizo eminingi elahliwe ingaqoqwa, igaywe kabusha iphinde isetshenziswe. . . . Ngisho noma izimboni zingenakuwusebenzisa udoti wazo, ngezinye izikhathi zingaphinde ziwugaye ukuze abanye bawusebenzise . . . EHolland, uhlelo lokugaya udoti kabusha belulokhu lusebenza ngempumelelo kusukela ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970.”

Esikhundleni sokufuna izindlela zokulahla izibi, abanye ohulumeni bagcizelela kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuba khona kukadoti zisuka nje. Le ncwadi eshiwo ngaphambili ixwayisa ngokuthi “kudingeka isinyathelo esiphuthumayo” ukuze abantu “bayeke ukulahla izinto . . . babe umphakathi owongayo onciphisa udoti nezinto ozisebenzisayo.”

Nokho, labo abafuna “ukuyeka ukulahla izinto” kuyodingeka bazimisele ukuzisebenzisa isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka izinto abazithengayo, bazilahle kuphela uma zingasakhandeki. Izimpahla ongasazifuni kodwa ezisaphila kumelwe uzinike abanye abazozisebenzisa. Ihhovisi laseDarmstadt leGerman Öko-Institut (Inhlangano Ebhekela Ukusebenzelana Kwezinto Eziphilayo Nendawo Ezikuyo) eJalimane, lilinganisela ukuthi umkhaya ophila ngesimiso esithi “Kusebenzise kunokuba ukulahle” uyonciphisa udoti ngamaphesenti angu-75 kunomkhaya ongaphili ngalesi simiso.

Kodwa ingabe miningi ngokwanele imikhaya eyophila ngezimiso ezinjalo? Akubonakali kunjalo. Inkinga kadoti kubantu imane nje iwuphawu lwezinkinga ezinkulu nakakhulu. Emphakathini wanamuhla okhonzé ukulahla, sebebaningi abantu abamukele isimo sengqondo sokuthanda ukulahla. Ake sihlole leso simo sengqondo—nezimo ezimbi ezimbalwa esingaholela kuzo.

Izingozi Zesimo Sengqondo Sokuthanda Ukulahla

Isimo sengqondo sokuthanda ukulahla singadlulela kalula ngalé kokusaphaza okungasho lutho. Singenza abantu babe abangabongi nabangacabangi, bavele nje balahle inqwaba yokudla okungakathintwa nezinye izinto. Labo abanobugovu nababuswa izimfashini nezinto eziwubala abazithandayo nabangazithandi njalo nje bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi kumelwe nakanjani bathole izingubo ezintsha, ifenisha nokunye.

Nokho, lesi simo sengqondo singase sidlulele nakokunye. Uhlelo lwaseJalimane olubhekene nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zasendlini ezilahliwe muva nje luphawule lokhu: “Indlela esiphatha ngayo ifenisha yasendlini esingasayifuni bese siyayilahla ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu sithenge entsha, sesiphatha ngayo nabantu. Umbuzo uwukuthi umphakathi wethu ungakumela isikhathi eside kangakanani lokhu.” Lo mbiko uyachaza: “Uma nje umuntu engasakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi oseqophelweni eliphezulu, kufakwa omunye. Ingani ziningi nje izisebenzi!”

Encwadini yakhe ethi Earth in the Balance, owayeyiPhini likaMongameli wase-United States u-Al Gore wabuza umbuzo ofanelekayo: “Uma sibheka izinto esizisebenzisayo njengesingazilahla, ingabe sesiyishintshile nendlela esibheka ngayo abanye abantu? . . . Ingabe asisakwazisi ukuthi umuntu ngamunye uhlukile?”

Abantu abangasabazisi noma abangasabahloniphi abanye cishe bayokuthola kulula—futhi kungenacala—ukulahla abangane noma abantu abashade nabo. Liphawula ngale ndlela yokucabanga, iphephandaba laseJalimane i-Süddeutsche Zeitung lithi: “Sithenga izingubo ezintsha kabili ngonyaka, njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine sithenga imoto entsha, njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi sithenga ifenisha entsha; njalo ngonyaka sifuna indawo entsha esingayivakashela; sishintsha imizi, imisebenzi, amabhizinisi—kwalani-ke ukuba sishintshe abantu esishade nabo?”

Namuhla abanye abantu kubonakala bezimisele ukulahla cishe noma yini uma isiwumthwalo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwelinye izwe laseYurophu amakati alinganiselwa ku-100 000 nezinja ezilinganiselwa ku-96 000 zalahlwa abaninizo phakathi no-1999. Umthandi wezilwane lapho uthi izakhamuzi zakubo “azibheki ukufuya isilwane njengomsebenzi wesikhathi eside. Zingathenga umdlwane ngo-September, ziwulahle ngo-August [wonyaka olandelayo lapho seziya eholidini].” Okubi nakakhulu, lesi simo sengqondo sokuthanda ukulahla izinto sidlulela nasekuphileni kwabantu ngokwako.

Ukungakuhloniphi Ukuphila

Kubonakala sengathi abaningi namuhla bacabanga ukuthi ukuphila kwabo akubalulekile neze. Kanjani? Ngokwesibonelo, umagazini othile waseYurophu muva nje uphawule ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwakhula ukuzimisela kwentsha ukuba izifake engozini. Lokhu kubonakala ngendlela esizimisele ngayo ukudlala imidlalo eyingozi. Ukuze nje ivukwe amadlingozi imizuzwana, izimisele ukudela ukuphila kwayo! Osomabhizinisi abazifunela imali bathi sibonwa yini, bese besizakala ngalo mkhuba. Isazi sezombusazwe saseJalimane saveza ukuthi abagqugquzeli bemidlalo eyingozi “baye bacabange ukuthi ukugaya imali kubaluleke ukwedlula impilo nokuphila komuntu.”

Kuthiwani ngokulahla ukuphila komuntu ongakazalwa? I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi “emhlabeni abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-75 abakhulelwayo minyaka yonke basuke bengazifuni izingane zabo. Abesifazane abaningi bakhetha ukukhipha izisu.” Ngisho sezizelwe, izinsana ziba sengozini. Iphephandaba laseBrazil i-Estado de S. Paulo lithi “ziyanda izingane ezilahlwa emigwaqweni.” Ingabe kunjalo nasendaweni yakini?

Ezweni namuhla sibona ubufakazi bokuthi ukuphila kwabantu kuvame ukubhekwa njengokungabalulekile, okungeyilutho, okuyinto engavele ilahlwe nje noma kanjani. Le ndlela yokucabanga siyibona ebudloveni bezokuzijabulisa okuthandwayo, “iziqhwaga” zibulala inqwaba “yezigelekeqe” esithombeni sebhayisikobho esisodwa noma ohlelweni lwe-TV. Siyibona ebugebengwini obunobudlova obuthé bhe emhlabeni, amasela ebulala abantu ebabulalela imali engatheni—noma ebabulalela ubala. Siyibona emibikweni yezindaba eshaqisayo yezenzo zabashokobezi, ukuhlanzwa kohlanga nokuqothulwa kohlanga, konke okuwukubulala abantu ngesihluku nangobuningi—ukuphila okuyigugu okuntshingwa njengodoti.

Singase singakwazi ukugwema ukuhlala emphakathini okhonzé ukulahla izinto, kodwa singakugwema ukuba nesimo sengqondo sokuthanda ukulahla. Isihloko esilandelayo sizoxoxa ngokuthi yini engasisiza sikwazi ukuphila emphakathini wanamuhla okhonzé ukulahla izinto futhi sikwazi ukugwema izimo zengqondo zawo ezimbi.

[Isithombe ekhasini 6]

Ezindaweni eziningi umthetho uthi izinto azigaywe kabusha

[Izithombe ekhasini 7]

Ingabe izimfashini ezishintshashintshayo zikwenza ulahle izingubo eziphilayo bese uthenga ezintsha?

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Ingane engakazalwa kufanele ithandwe, ingalahlwa

[Umthombo]

Index Stock Photography Inc./BSIP Agency

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Ukuphila kuyigugu kakhulu ukuba ungakufaka engozini yokuba kulahleke ukuze uvukwe amadlingozi