Imikhaya Enomzali Oyedwa Iyanda

“Kaningi ebusuku ngangithandaza kuNkulunkulu ngihlengezela izinyembezi ngithi kuye: ‘Angazi ukuthi ngizokwenzenjani kusasa.’”—UGLORIA, UMAMA ONGAYEDWA WEZINGANE EZINTATHU.

IMIKHAYA enomzali oyedwa isiyingxenye ehlala njalo nephawulekayo emiphakathini eminingi namuhla.a Njengoba umkhaya ovamile owakhiwa yindoda, inkosikazi nabantwana usuthathelwa indawo ezinye izinhlobo zemikhaya, abahlaziyi bomphakathi nezazi zezenhlalo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba bazibuza ukuthi kungani kunjalo.

Oprofesa bezenhlalo uSimon Duncan noRosalind Edwards baphawula ukuthi “kwenzeka izinguquko zesikhathi eside ekuphileni komkhaya nasebuhlotsheni bamadoda nabesifazane.” Ngani? Ezinye izingqapheli zithi lokhu kubangelwa ukukhetha kwabantu indlela abafuna ukuphila ngayo, ngokuvumelana nezinguquko zezomnotho, impucuko nezenhlalo.

Ake sicabangele ezinye zalezi zinguquko, kanye nokukhetha abantu abakwenzayo. Izingcindezi zokuphila zinomthelela omkhulu ekuphileni kwabantu. Izinto ezenzeka ngaphandle kwasekhaya zibathinta mihla namalanga. Isikhathi ngaphambili esasisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ndawonye njengomkhaya manje sichithwa kuyi-Internet, phambi kwe-TV, ocingweni, emotweni, noma kwenziwa ezinye izinto.

Izingcindezi zezomnotho nazo zinengxenye. Izinto zesimanje eziwusizo ziyabiza, ngakho abazali abaningi bayasebenza. Njengoba eyingxenye yomphakathi owehla wenyuka, amalungu amaningi omkhaya ahlala futhi asebenze kude nemindeni yawo futhi kwezinye izimo abe kude nabangane bawo bomshado. Emazweni amaningi indlela yokuphila ethandwayo nayo ayisizi ngalutho, ngoba ivame ukugxila ekubhidlizeni ubuhlobo obuletha ukuzinza, njengomshado nomkhaya.b

Indima Entsha Kamama Ongayedwa

Umama ongayedwa wanamuhla uhlukile esimweni esidala sentombazane engashadile ephila ngemali yesondlo. Ukuba umama ongashadile akusabhekwa kabi futhi sekuye kwenziwa kwakhanga ngosaziwayo ababhekwa njengezibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abaningi sebefundile futhi bayakwazi ukuzondla—ngakho akusadingeki ukuba omama bashade ukuze babe nemali.

Abanye omama abangabodwa, ikakhulukazi izingane esezikhulile zabazali abahlukanisile, bahlala bengashadile ngoba abafuni ukuba izingane zabo zibhekane nosizi lokubona omunye wabazali efulathela ikhaya. Abanye besifazane baba omama abangabodwa, ngoba beshiywe ngabayeni babo, hhayi ngoba bethanda. I-Joseph Rowntree Foundation yaseBrithani ithi: “Ngokuvamile umuntu akabi umzali ongayedwa ngamabomu noma ngokuzikhethela kobugovu, futhi akukhona ukuthi izingane zemikhaya enomzali oyedwa azinakwa noma ziyatotoswa.”

Noma kunjalo, ukwanda kwemikhaya enomzali oyedwa kuyinto okumelwe ibhekisiswe ngoba abazali abangabodwa nezingane zabo babhekana nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukuntuleka kwezomnotho nezimo ezingezinhle zezenhlalo. Abanye abantu bangase bazibuze ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba umzali oyedwa aphumelele ekukhuliseni izingane. Yiziphi ezinye zezinselele ezihlukile imikhaya enomzali oyedwa ebhekene nazo? UmKristu angabhekana kanjani ngokuphumelelayo nenselele yokukhulisa izingane njengomzali ongayedwa?

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 4]

Izincazelo

Kunezinkulumo ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuchaza omama abakhulisa izingane bebodwa. Emazweni athile inkulumo ethi “umama ongayedwa” isetshenziselwa ukuchaza omama abangakaze bashade, kanti kwamanye amazwe le nkulumo isetshenziswa kubo bonke omama abakhulisa izingane kungekho muntu wesilisa ekhaya. Kungenzeka ukuthi lab’ omama bahlukana nabayeni babo, bahlala ngokwehlukana nabo noma bangabafelokazi noma abakaze bende.

Kulezi zihloko eziwuchungechunge, sisebenzisa inkulumo ethi “umzali ongayedwa” nethi “umama ongayedwa” ukuchaza abazali abakhulisa izingane ngaphandle komngane womshado.

[Ibhokisi/Ibalazwe ekhasini 5]

UKUBA UMZALI ONGAYEDWA—UMKHUBA OWANDILE EMAZWENI AMANINGI

E-United States: “Inani lomama abangabodwa landa phakathi kuka-1970 no-2000, lisuka ezigidini ezintathu laya kweziyishumi; phakathi nenkathi efanayo, inani lobaba abangabodwa nalo landa, lisuka kwabangu-393 000 laya ezigidini ezimbili.”—U.S. Census Bureau.

EMexico: Ngokwephephandaba i-Jornada, amantombazane angomama akha amaphesenti angu-27 enani labesifazane abakhulelwayo kuleli zwe.

E-Ireland: Inani lemikhaya enomzali oyedwa landa lisuka kumaphesenti angu-5,7 ngo-1981 laya kwangu-7,9 ngo-1991. “Ukubhidlika komshado kuseyimbangela eyinhloko yomama abangabodwa.”—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997.

EBrithani: “Inani lemikhaya ephethwe umzali ongayedwa liye leqa amaphesenti angu-25 ngokokuqala ngqá, okubonisa ukwanda okukhulu kwenani lomama abangakaze bende nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwenani lezehlukaniso kule minyaka engu-30 edlule.”—The Times, London, March 2, 2000.

EFrance: “Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, inani lemikhaya enomzali oyedwa liye landa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50.”—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997.

EJalimane: “Inani labazali abangabodwa liye laphindeka kabili kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Cishe yonke imikhaya enomzali oyedwa . . . iphethwe ngomama.”—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997.

EJapane: ‘Imikhaya enomama ongayedwa ibilokhu yanda kusukela ngawo-1970.’ Ngo-1997, amaphesenti angu-17 ayo yonke imizi ayephethwe ngomama abangabodwa.—Single Mothers in an International Context, 1997; The World’s Women 2000: Trends and Statistics.

EGreece: “Kusukela ngo-1980, inani lomama abangashadile [eGreece] liye landa ngamaphesenti angu-29,8. Ngokwemininingwane ye-European Union, ngo-1997 izingane eziyimilanjwana zazingamaphesenti angu-3,3, kanti ngo-1980 zazingamaphesenti angu-1,1.”—Iphephandaba i-Nea, Athens, September 4, 1998.

E-Australia: Cishe ingane eyodwa kwezine ihlala nomzali oyedwa kuphela oyizalayo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokubhidlika komshado noma ubuhlobo babazali bazo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imikhaya enomzali oyedwa iyokwanda ngamaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-66 phakathi neminyaka engu-25.—Australian Bureau of Statistics.