Ingabe Izindinganiso Ziyawohloka?
PHAKATHI kwezipho ezinkulu kunazo zonke abazali abangazipha izingane zabo uthando lwabo olungenamibandela kanye nesimiso sezindinganiso, izindinganiso abazali abangagcini nje ngokukhuluma ngazo kuphela kodwa abaphila ngazo.
Ngaphandle kwezindinganiso ezifanele, ukuphila kuba umshikashika wokulwela ukuphila nje kuphela. Izindinganiso zenza ukuphila kube nenjongo. Zisiza abantu bahlele izinto eziza kuqala. Zibeka imingcele yobuntu futhi zisinikeze imithetho yokuziphatha.
Noma kunjalo, izindinganiso eziningi ezindala zishintsha ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, uProfesa Ronald Inglehart uthi “umphakathi usuthambekele emikhubeni yokuzitika ngobulili nasekuzinqumeleni.” Inhlolo-vo kaGallup yango-1997 eyenziwa emazweni angu-16 yacela umbono wezakhamuzi ngendaba yokuzala kwabantu bengashadile. Le nhlolo-vo kaGallup iyabika: “Le ndlela yokuphila yesimanje yamukelwa abantu abangamaphesenti angu-90 noma ngaphezulu ezingxenyeni ezithile zeNtshonalanga Yurophu kanti bangaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-15 abayamukelayo eSingapore naseNdiya.”
Abanye baye bayincoma le nkululeko entsha yobulili. Nokho, incwadi ethi The Rise of Government and the Decline of Morality kaJames A. Dorn, ithi, “ukwanda kwezingane ezizalwa ngaphandle komshado” kanye “nokubhidlika kwemikhaya,” “kuyizimpawu ezisobala zokuwohloka kwesimilo.”
Ezinye Izindinganiso Eziwohlokayo
Ezinye izindinganiso ezingokwesiko nazo ziye zawohloka ngezinga eliphawulekayo. I-World Values Survey, ephethwe uProfesa Inglehart, ibika ukuthi “iyancipha inhlonipho ngegunya” emazweni asethuthukile.
Ukusebenza ngokuzikhandla bekulokhu kungenye indinganiso engokwesiko. Nokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi nalokhu kuyancipha. E-United States, i-National Federation of Independent Business yaxoxa nabaqashi abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi. “Abangamaphesenti angu-31 alabo okwaxoxwa nabo bathi kunzima ukuvala izikhala zomsebenzi, kanti abangamaphesenti angu-21 bathi ngokuvamile liphansi izinga lomsebenzi owenziwayo.” Umqashi othile uthi: “Kuya kuba nzima ukuthola izisebenzi ezisebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa, ezifika ngesikhathi, zibe zingadakiwe.”
Kungenzeka izimo zezomnotho yizo ezibangela lokhu kuwohloka kwesimo. Njengoba imali abayizuzayo incipha, abaqashi badiliza izisebenzi noma banciphise izinzuzo ezithile. Iphephabhuku i-Ethics & Behavior lithi: “Izisebenzi ezibona lokhu kuntuleka kobuqotho nokuzibophezela kwabaqashi ziqala ukubonisa isimo sengqondo esingesihle kubo. Ukuzimisela ukuzikhandla emsebenzini akusekho, ngenxa yokuthi isisebenzi singase sidilizwe kusasa.”
Esinye futhi isici lapho izindinganiso ziye zawohloka khona ngezinga eliphawulekayo kusendabeni yenhlonipho nobuntu. Inhlolo-vo ethile e-Australia yaphetha ngokuthi: “Izisebenzi ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-87,7 zabika [ukuthi] imikhuba emibi emsebenzini ithonya isimo sengqondo sezisebenzi.” Lapho kuxoxwa nochwepheshe bezamabhizinisi base-United States, “abangamaphesenti angu-80 babika ukuthi kunokwanda kwemikhuba yokuba luhlaza kwezebhizinisi.” Ngokwengosi yezindaba i-CNN, “ukuphathwa kabi kwamakhasimende sekwande kangangokuba cishe ingxenye yabantu okwaxoxwa nabo yathi yaphuma ingathenganga ezitolo phakathi nonyaka odlule ngenxa yale mpatho. Ingxenye yathi ivame ukubona abantu beklabalasa noma becasula abanye lapho bekhuluma ngomakhalekhukhwini. Kanti abashayeli abayisithupha kwabayishumi bathi bavame ukubona abanye abantu beshayela bethukuthele noma budedengu.”
Kubaluleke Kangakanani Ukuphila Komuntu?
Kwezinye izimo, abantu bathi banamathela “ezindinganisweni” ezithile, kodwa abakushoyo akuhambisani nezenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Institute for Global Ethics yaxoxa nabameleli bamazwe angu-40. Abangamaphesenti angu-40 bakhetha “inhlonipho ngokuphila” njengenye yezindinganiso ezinhlanu “ezibaluleke kakhulu.”a
Nokho, yini eyenzeka ngokoqobo? Ngokuqinisekile, amazwe asethuthukile anawo amandla okuqeda ukuhlupheka kwabantu okukhulu. Kodwa incwadi eyabhalwa nguCarol Bellamy, umqondisi omkhulu we-United Nations Children’s Fund, ngo-1998 yathi ukungondleki “kunengxenye ekufeni kwezingane ezingaphezu kwesigamu ezinganeni eziyizigidi ezingu-12 ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ezifa minyaka yonke emazweni asathuthuka, okuyisibalo esingakaze sibonwe kusukela i-Black Death yaqothula elaseYurophu ekhulwini le-14.” Imibiko enjalo iyashaqisa kunoma ubani okwazisayo ukuphila komuntu. UBellamy uthi: “Nokho, inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke yokungondleki ayikubangelanga ukukhathazeka emphakathini, naphezu kobufakazi besayensi obuphathekayo nobandayo bokuthi lesi simo siyingozi. Abantu bakhathalela kakhulu ukusebenza kwezimakethe zamasheya esikhundleni sokuba bakhathazeke ngomonakalo omkhulu obhubhisayo wokungondleki—noma bakhathalele izinzuzo ezinkulu zokulungiselela ukudla okunomsoco.”
Umkhakha wezokwelapha unombono osonteke ngempela ngokuphila. Muva nje ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, usana olwaluzalwa lunamasonto angu-23 lwalungenawo amathuba okusinda. Namuhla, cishe zingamaphesenti angu-40 izinsana ezinjalo ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezisindayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyindida ngempela ukuthi emhlabeni wonke kukhishwa izisu ezibalelwa ezigidini ezingu-40 kuya kwezingu-60 minyaka yonke! Eziningi zalezi zisu ezikhishwayo ziyimibungu emincane ngamasonto ambalwa nje kuphela kunezinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi odokotela abalwela ukuzigcina ziphila! Ingabe lokhu okungenhla akubonisi ukuthi kunokudideka okukhulu endabeni yezimiso zokuziphatha?
Kudingeka Isiqondiso Sokuziphatha
Lapho libuzwa ukuthi “Yini engabalulekile ekuphileni?” iningi labantu inhlangano kaGallup eyaxoxa nalo lakhetha “ukuthembeka enkolweni yami” njengenye yezinto ezimbili ezingabalulekile ekuphileni. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi kungani inani lababa khona emasontweni liqhubeka lincipha. UProfesa Inglehart uveza ukuthi ukuchuma kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga kuye “kwaletha umuzwa wokulondeka ongakaze ube khona ngaphambili” nokuthi “lokhu kuye kwanciphisa isidingo sokuqinisekiswa ngokuvamile esasaneliswa yinkolo.”
Ukuncipha kokuthembela enkolweni ehleliwe kuhambisana nokuphelelwa yithemba eBhayibhelini. Kwenye inhlolo-vo yomhlaba wonke, abantu okwaxoxwa nabo babuzwa ukuthi babethembelephi noma kubani uma kuziwa ekwazini ukuthi yini elungile ngokokuziphatha. Abaningi bathi bancike kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo. Umbiko wale nhlolo-vo uthi: “Ukubaluleka kwezwi likaNkulunkulu kwakusendaweni yesibili.”
Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi izindinganiso ziyaqhubeka ziwohloka! Ukuntula isiqondiso sokuziphatha, kanye nokugcizelelwa ngokwandayo kwemigomo yezinto ezibonakalayo nokuzibusa ngobugovu, kuye kwabangela ukuhaha nokunganakwa kwemizwa yabanye. Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile abantu abaye balahlekelwa yizo ngenxa yalolu shintsho?
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 edlule, iZizwe Ezihlangene zamukela i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ISigaba 1 saleso Simemezelo sithi: “Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile futhi benesithunzi namalungelo alinganayo.”
[Izithombe ekhasini 4, 5]
Ukuhlukana kwemikhaya, imikhuba emibi yokusebenza nokudlubulunda kuwuphawu lwezimiso zanamuhla eziwohlokayo
[Isithombe ekhasini 6]
Izigidi zezinsana, ezincane ngamasonto ambalwa nje kulolu sana oluzalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zibulawa ngokukhishwa kwezisu minyaka yonke