Ikusasa Lezokuvakasha
“Kunezibonelo ezivela cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, lapho ukuchuma kwezokuvakasha kuye kwaphawulwa njengembangela eyinhloko yokonakaliswa kwendawo ezungezile.”—An Introduction to Tourism, kaLeonard J. Lickorish noCarson L. Jenkins.
EZOKUVAKASHA zingase zingagcini nje ngokuba usongo endaweni ezungezile kodwa zingase zidale nezinye izinkinga. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo kafushane nje. Ngemva kwalokho, sizoxoxa ngamathuba esikhathi esizayo okuvakashela wonke amazwe alo mhlaba wethu omuhle nokubona izinto ezikuwo ezimangalisayo, ikakhulu ukwazana nabantu abahlala kuwo abathandekayo.
Izinkinga Zendawo Ezungezile
Inani elikhulu lezivakashi nje lilodwa liye laholela ezinkingeni. “ENdiya, iTaj Mahal isiyawohloka ngenxa yokuhanjelwa kakhulu izivakashi,” kubhala abacwaningi oLickorish noJenkins, futhi banezela: “EGibithe, imibhoshongo engunxantathu nayo isongelwa inani elikhulu lezivakashi.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba balobi baxwayisa ngokuthi ukungalawulwa kwezokuvakasha kungabulala uhlaza noma kulwenze lungakhuli lapho uquqaba lwezivakashi luhamba phezu kwalo ezindaweni zokulondoloza imvelo. Kanti nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zingaba sengozini lapho izivakashi ziqoqa izinto ezinjengamagobolondo ayivelakancane namakhorali noma lapho izakhamuzi zendawo ziqoqa lezi zinto ukuze zizidayisele izivakashi.
Izivakashi ziyayingcolisa indawo—inhlangano okuthiwa i-UN Environment Programme ilinganisela ukuthi isivakashi ngasinye silahla udoti ongaba ikhilogremu elilodwa ngosuku. Ngisho nezindawo ezisemajukujukwini impela zibonakala zithinteka. Umbiko wamuva nje okhishwe i-Rainforest Action Network uthi: “Emizileni ethandwa izivakashi eziNtabeni zaseHimalaya, kuye kwatholakala udoti olahlwe kuyo yonke indlela futhi amahlathi asezintabeni eziphakeme aye aqothulwa izihambi ezihamba zitheza izinkuni ukuze zifudumeze ukudla namanzi okugeza.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa isilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu sezinto ebezingase zisetshenziswe izakhamuzi zendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, uJames Mak, encwadini yakhe ethi Tourism and the Economy, uyabhala: “Izivakashi eGrenada zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kunasetshenziswa izakhamuzi zalapho.” Uyanezela: “Ngandlela-thile, ezokuvakasha zibangela ukuba kusetshenziswe imithombo yamandla engamaphesenti angu-40 eHawaii, nakuba ngokwesilinganiso kungumuntu oyedwa kwabangu-8 oyisivakashi eHawaii.”
Nakuba izivakashi zingase zichithe imali eningi ukuze zivakashele amazwe asathuthuka, eningi yaleyo mali ayibazuzisi abantu balapho. IBhange Lomhlaba lilinganisela ukuthi amazwe amukela izivakashi azuza amaphesenti angu-45 kuphela emali engeniswa ezokuvakasha—eningi yaleyo mali ibuyela emuva emazweni asethuthukile ngenxa yokuthi iya kubaxhumanisi bohambo nakubanikazi bezindawo zokulala bakwamanye amazwe.
Amathonya Amabi Enhlalakahleni Yomphakathi
Ngokwesilinganiso esithile, izivakashi ezicebile zaseNtshonalanga ezihambela emazweni asathuthuka zingaba namathonya amabi acashile—kodwa asobala ngezinye izikhathi—kubantu bendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, izivakashi ngokuvamile ziza nezinto zazo zokunethezeka. Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu bendawo abakaze baphuphe nokuphupha ngalezi zinto ezibonakalayo zokuceba. Abantu abaningi endaweni baqala ukufisa ukuba nalezi zinto abangeke bakwazi ukuzithenga ngaphandle kokwenza ushintsho olukhulu endleleni yabo yokuphila—ushintsho olungase lube namathonya alimazayo endleleni yokuziphatha yomphakathi.
Ephawula ngezinkinga ezingase zivele, uMak wathi ukwanda kwezivakashi “kungaholela ekubeni abantu bendawo balahle usiko-mpilo nezici zabo zobuntu ezibahlukanisayo, kudale izingxabano phakathi kwabantu bomdabu ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo yomphakathi nengcebo engokwemvelo, kanti kungandisa nezenzo eziphazamisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi, njengobugebengu nokudayisa ngomzimba.”
Ngokuvamile izivakashi namuhla zizizwa zikhululekile endabeni yokuzithiba, okubangela ukuba zenze lokho ebezingenakukwenza emakubo phambi kwabasekhaya nabangane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuziphatha okubi kwezivakashi kuye kwadala izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu. Ekhomba esibonelweni esiphawulekayo, uMak wathi: “Emhlabeni jikelele abantu bakhathazeka ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yokuthi ezokuvakasha zinegalelo elikhulu endabeni yezingane ezidayisa ngomzimba.” Ngo-2004, inhlangano esakaza izindaba i-CNN yabika: “‘Izibalo ezinokwethenjelwa zembula ukuthi eMexico kunezingane ezingu-16 000 kuya kwezingu-20 000’ eziyizisulu zobulili, ‘ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisemingceleni, ezisemadolobheni nakulezo ezithandwa izivakashi.’”
Izinzuzo Zokuhamba
Umhlaba wethu uyikhaya elihle kakhulu, elihlala linezinto ezimangalisayo—imibala eqhakazile yokushona kwelanga, isibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi ezibenyezelayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sihlala kuphi, siyazijabulela ezinye zalezi zinto kanye nezinye izici ezihlaba umxhwele zaleli khaya lethu eliwumhlaba. Noma kunjalo, yeka ukuthi bekuyoba kuhle kanjani ukube besingathola ithuba lokuvakashela kwamanye amazwe, sibone nezinye izinto zalo mhlaba ezimangalisayo!
Nokho, izivakashi eziningi zithi ukwazana nabantu bezinye izizwe abanamasiko angefani nawazo yisona sici sokuhamba ezisithola sithakazelisa kakhulu kunokuhlatshwa umxhwele izinto zalo mhlaba ezikhexisayo. Ngokuvamile, izivakashi zithola ukuthi izinto ezimbi ebezishiwo ngabanye abantu azilona iqiniso. Ukuvakasha kuyazisiza ziqonde abantu bezinye izizwe nezinhlanga, zakhe nobungane obuyigugu.
Isifundo esigcizeleleka kakhulu ezingqondweni zezivakashi eziningi ukuthi akuyona ingcebo ngempela into eyenza abantu bajabule. Okubaluleke kakhulu ubuhlobo umuntu anabo nabanye—ukujabulela abangane osunabo nokuthola abasha. Ukulandisa okuthile okuseBhayibhelini kusitshela ngezivakashi zangekhulu lokuqala ezaphukelwa umkhumbi kungazelelwe nangendlela ezaboniswa “umusa wobuntu” ngayo “abantu [baseMelitha] abakhuluma olunye ulimi.” (IzEnzo 28:1, 2) Ukuvakashela kwamanye amazwe nokuvakashela abanye abantu namuhla kuye kwasiza abaningi ukuba baqaphele ukuthi empeleni siwumkhaya wesintu owodwa nokuthi singakwazi ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula kulo mhlaba.
Okwamanje, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazi ukuhambela amazwe omhlaba. Kodwa kuthiwani ngesikhathi esizayo? Ingabe kuyokwenzeka ukuba iningi, noma bonke abantu bakwazi ukuvakasha kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba?
Amathuba Ayosivulekela Esikhathini Esizayo
Iqiniso liwukuthi, sonke sihlobene, singamalungu omkhaya wesintu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi umbhangqwana wokuqala ongabantu wafa, okuyilokho uNkulunkulu awuxwayisa wathi kwakuyokwenzeka uma ungamlaleli. (Genesise 1:28; 2:17; 3:19) Ngakho yonke inzalo yawo, kuhlanganise nathi namuhla, iyaguga futhi ife ngendlela efanayo. (Roma 5:12) Kodwa uNkulunkulu uthembisa ukuthi kuyogcwaliseka nakanjani lokho ayekuhlosile ekuqaleni ngomhlaba, ukuba kuhlale kuwo abantu abamthandayo. IZwi lakhe lithi: “Ngikukhulumile nokukukhuluma . . . ngizokwenza futhi.”—Isaya 45:18; 46:11; 55:11.
Ake ucabange ukuthi lokho kuyosho ukuthini! IBhayibheli lithembisa ukuthi ngaphansi koMbuso kaNkulunkulu: “Abalungile bayokudla ifa lomhlaba, futhi bayohlala kuwo kuze kube phakade.” (IHubo 37:29; Mathewu 6:9, 10) Lichaza isimo sabantu emhlabeni esikhathini esizayo, iBhayibheli lithi: “UNkulunkulu ngokwakhe uyoba nabo. Uyosula zonke izinyembezi emehlweni abo, ukufa ngeke kusaba khona, noma ukulila noma ukukhala noma ubuhlungu ngeke kusaba khona.”—IsAmbulo 21:3, 4.
Ake ucabange ngamathuba ayosivulekela ngaleso sikhathi okuvakasha kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba nokwazi ngezinto ezitholakala kuwo ezimangalisayo, ikakhulu abantu abathandekayo abakuwo. Ngaleso sikhathi, akekho oyobe ekhathazeka ngendaba yokulondeka! Ngaleso sikhathi, bonke abantu emhlabeni bayobe bengabangane—ngempela, kuyokwenzeka lokho iBhayibheli elikuchaza ngokuthi ‘inhlangano yabazalwane ezweni.’—1 Petru 5:9.
[Isithombe ekhasini 24, 25]
Isici esithakazelisa kakhulu ngokuhamba kungaba ukwakha ubungane nabantu bezinye izizwe
Ayoba maningi ngokungenamkhawulo amathuba okuvakashela abantu nezindawo ezihlukahlukene esikhathini esizayo