Impova—Uthuli Lokuphila
LAPHO kufika intwasahlobo, izinyosi ziba matasa futhi kugcwala impova emoyeni. Kubantu abanemizimba exabana nezinto ezithile, kubonakala sengathi impova iyisiqalekiso kunokuba isibusiso. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siphethe ngokuthi impova iwuhlupho nje lwemvelo, kufanele sikhumbule indima efezwa yilolu thuli oluyingqayizivele. Singase simangale ukwazi indlela ukuphila kwethu okuxhomeke kulo ngayo.
Iyini ngempela impova? I-World Book Encyclopedia iyachaza: “Impova iyizinhlamvana ezikhiqizwa yizimila eziqhakazayo neziveza izigaxa ezinembewu.” Ngamanye amazwi, izimila zikhiqiza impova ukuze zikwazi ukuzala. Njengoba sazi, kubantu, iqanda lowesifazane kumelwe lihlangane nesidoda ukuze kuvele umntwana. Ngokufanayo, ingxenye yesimila eyamukela imbewu (i-pistil) kudingeka ithole impova evela engxenyeni ekhipha imbewu (i-stamen) ukuze ikwazi ukuvunda bese iveza isithelo.a
Izinhlamvana zempova zincane kangangokuthi asinakuzibona ngamehlo; kodwa ziyabonakala ngesibonakhulu. Empeleni, umuntu oyibonayo angabona ukuthi ubukhulu nokwakheka kwayo kuhlukile kuye ngohlobo lwesimila. Njengoba impova ingaboli, kuyinto eqaphelekayo ukuthi ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuhlola ukwakheka kwezinhlamvana zempova abazivundululayo. Kanjalo bangakwazi ukubona izitshalo abantu ababezitshala emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Okubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi izici ezihlukile zohlobo ngalunye lwempova zisiza izimbali ukuba zikwazi ukuthola impova yohlobo lwazo.
Indlela Impova Ehamba Ngayo
Izimila eziningi zixhomeke emoyeni ukuze uthuthe impova yazo ngemva kokuba iphume embewini noma ezindumbuluzini ezipheshulwa umoya. Amanzi nawo ayasiza ekuthwaleni impova yezimila ezithile zasemanzini. Njengoba impova ethuthwa umoya ingase iphumelele noma ingaphumeleli ngezinye izikhathi, izihlahla nezimila ezithembele kule nqubo zikhiqiza indathane yempova.b Kubantu abanenkinga yemfiva ethimulisayo, lokhu kwanda kwempova kubangela ukucinana okukhulu.
Nakuba umoya uphumelela ekusakazeni impova yezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla notshani, izimila eziqhakazayo ezikhula ziqhelelane zidinga isimiso esiphumelela kangcono. Impova ekulezi zimila ithuthelwa kanjani kwezinye ezifana nazo eziqhelile? Ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokudiliva esiphumelela kakhulu samalulwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane! Kodwa-ke, aziyithuthi impova ziyisuse kwesinye isimila ziyiyise kwesinye ngaphandle komvuzo.
Izimbali zinika laba bathuthi bempova umpe—uketshezi olwehl’ esiphundu olunewozawoza. Lapho sisondela ukuze simunce umpe, isivakashi njalo sinanyathelwa impova eningi emzimbeni. Njengoba sifuna ukunambitha olunye umpe, sibe sesithuthela impova kwenye imbali.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthutha impova wenziwa yizinambuzane, ikakhulukazi emazweni afudumele. Zivakashela izimbali eziningi nsuku zonke kuyilapho zidla umpe nempova.c UProfesa May Berenbaum uyachaza: “Cishe iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu izinambuzane ezinalo empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu umsebenzi ezingabongwa kangako ngawo: ukuthutha impova.” Izihlahla zezithelo ngokuvamile zinezimbali ezixhomeke ekutholeni impova evela kwezinye izihlahla ukuze zithele kahle. Ngakho, ungabona ukuthi ukuthuthwa kwempova kubaluleke kangakanani enhlalakahleni yethu.
Indlela Izisebenzi Ezihehwa Ngayo
Izimbali kufanele zikhange abathuthi bempova futhi zibondle. Zikwenza kanjani lokhu? Zingase zibanike indawo efudumele yokuthamela ilanga. Zikhangisa nangokudla kwazo, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa imibala emihle nephunga elimnandi. Izimbali eziningi zinikeza neziqondiso ezibalulekile ezingamachashazi noma imithende enemibalabala. Ngokwenza kanjalo izivakashi zitshelwa ukuthi zingalutholaphi umpe.
Indlela izimbali ezikhangisa ngayo iyahlukahluka. Ezinye zikhipha iphunga elibi eliheha izimpukane. Ezinye zisebenzisa ubuqili ukuze impova yazo ithuthwe ngempumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-bee orchid afana nezinyosi, futhi lokho kukhohlisa izinyosi ezifuna ukweshela ukuba ziwavakashele. Ezinye izimbali zibamba izinambuzane futhi zizidedele kuphela lapho seziwenzile umsebenzi wazo wokuthutha impova. Isazi sezitshalo uMalcolm Wilkins siyabhala: “Awukho omunye umkhakha wezimila ontekenteke, osebenza ngokunemba noma ohlakaniphe njengasendabeni ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimbali zithola impova.”
Ukube uMdali ubengenzanga ukuba izimila zikhange ukuze zithole impova, izigidi zezimila bezingeke zizale. Ekhuluma ngomphumela walowo msebenzi omangalisayo, uJesu wathi: “Fundani eminduzeni yasendle, indlela ekhula ngayo; ayikhandleki, ayiphothi; kodwa ngithi kini ngisho noSolomoni enkazimulweni yakhe yonke wayengavunule nanjengowodwa wayo.”—Mathewu 6:25, 28, 29.
Ngenxa yokuthuthwa kwempova, izimila ziyachuma futhi zikhiqize ukudla esikudingayo. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi impova ingase ibakhathaze abanye bethu, kodwa sonke kufanele sibonge ngokuba matasa kwabathuthi bempova abasakaza lolu thuli lokuphila. Izivuno ezinhle zixhomeke kakhulu kule nqubo engokwemvelo emangalisayo efakazela ubuciko obumangalisayo boMdali wethu.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Isimila singamukela impova evela kwesinye isimila noma evela kuleso simila ngokwaso ukuze sizale. Kodwa impova evela kwesinye isimila iqinisekisa ukuthi kuvela izinhlobonhlobo zezimila eziqinile nezinempilo.
b Ngokwesibonelo, imbewu eyodwa nje yesihlahla se-birch ingase ikhiphe izinhlamvana zempova ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu, futhi ngokuvamile lesi sihlahla siba nezinkulungwane eziningana zale mbewu.
c Ukuze kutholakale ikhilogremu loju, kudingeka izinyosi zithathe uhambo izikhathi ezingaba yizigidi eziyishumi ziya embalini ngayinye.
[Ibhokisi/Izithombe ekhasini 16, 17]
Abathuthi Bempova
IZIMPUKANE NEZINKUMABULONGWE
Zingabanye babathuthi bempova abangalutholi udumo olubafanele. Uma uthanda ushokoledi, ungabonga impukane encane eyenza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuthuthela impova ezimbalini zesihlahla sikakhokho.
AMALULWANE NAMA-OPOSSUM
Izihlahla eziningi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, njenge-kapok nesihlahla somkhomo (i-baobab), zithola impova ngamalulwane. Amanye amalulwane awadli umpe kuphela kodwa adla nezithelo abese esakaza imbewu, kanjalo enze umsebenzi okabili. E-Australia ama-marsupial amancane okuthiwa ama-opossum avakashela izimbali ayokudla umpe. Lapho evakashele lezi zimbali, imizimba yawo eneziboya ithutha impova kusuka kwenye imbali kuya kwelandelayo.
IZIMVEMVANE NAMABHU
Lezi zinambuzane ezinhle zidla umpe ngokuyinhloko, bese zithutha impova njengoba zihlala ezimbalini ezihlukahlukene. Amanye ama-orchid amahle athembele ngokuphelele emabhwini ukuze athole impova.
IZINCWINCWI NAMA-HUMMINGBIRD
Lezi zinyoni ezinemibalabala zihambe zihlala ezimbalini ezihlukahlukene, zimunca umpe. Impova ihlala ezimpapheni ekhanda nasesifubeni salezi zinyoni.
IZINYOSI NEMINYOVU
Imizimba yezinyosi eneziboya ithatha impova kalula njengothuli olunamathela ezibukweni zamehlo, okuzenza zibe abathuthi bempova abakahle kakhulu. Inyosi eyodwa nje yohlobo lwe-bumblebee ingathutha izinhlamvana zempova ezingaba ngu-15 000. Ngenxa yokulethwa kwalezi zinyosi zisuka eNgilandi ekhulwini le-19, amasimu e-clover aseNew Zealand asethela kakhulu, okwenza kutholakale ifolishi elibalulekile lokondla imfuyo kuleli zwe.
Inyosi yohlobo lwe-honeybee ingumthuthi wempova obaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ivame ukugxila ohlotsheni olulodwa kuphela lwembali etholakala ngobuningi ngasesidlekeni sayo. Isazi sezinambuzane uChristopher O’Toole silinganisela ukuthi “cishe amaphesenti angu-30 ako konke ukudla okudliwa abantu ngandlela-thile atholakala ngezinyosi ezithutha impova.” Izinyosi ziyadingeka ukuze zithuthele impova ezilimweni ezinjengama-almond, ama-apula, amapulamusi, ama-cherry nama-kiwi. Abalimi bakhokhela abafuyi bezinyosi ngemisebenzi eyenziwa yizinyosi zesidleke ngasinye.
[Isithombe ekhasini 18]
Ama-“bee orchid”