Ibhuloho Elingumafavuke

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EBULGARIA

ENYAKATHO ephakathi yaseBulgaria kunebhuloho laseLovech elinophahla elinqamula phezu koMfula i-Osŭm. Njengabantu abalisebenzisayo, leli bhuloho elihle linomlando othakazelisayo.

Omunye wabantu bokuqala owababaza leli bhuloho kwakuyisazi sokuma komhlaba sase-Austria u-Ami Boué, owavakashela eLovech phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-19. Wabhala “ngebhuloho lamatshe, eligcwele futhi elihlotshiswe yizitolo eziningi ezincane.” Yebo, leli bhuloho eliyingqayizivele laliyingxenye yemigwaqo yaseLovech, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili zaleli dolobha, futhi laliyimakethe! Ngenxa yalokho, laliyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini.

Ekuqaleni, leli bhuloho laseLovech elinophahla lalingakhiwe ngamatshe, kodwa ngamapulangwe. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli bhuloho lalihlale lilinyazwa yizikhukhula, kudingeke ukuba lakhiwe kabusha. Ekugcineni, ngo-1872, lakhukhuleka ngokuphelele, kanjalo abantu bendawo baswela indlela yokuwelela ngaphesheya.

Ukuvuselela leli bhuloho kwakungeke kube lula. Ngakho, kwaqashwa umakhi wodumo waseBulgaria uKolyo Ficheto ukuba aklame futhi akhe ibhuloho elisha, eliqinile.

Umklamo Oyingqayizivele

UFicheto wanquma ukunamathela emklamweni wokuqala futhi wenza ibhuloho elinophahla elinezitolo ezincane. Ukuze liqine leli bhuloho elingamamitha angu-84 ubude nayishumi ububanzi, walifaka izinsika eziyindilinga. Lezi zinsika ezingamamitha amahlanu ukuphakama, ezinamachopho amancane abheke ngenhla komfula, zazinomklamo oyingqayizivele. Kusuka maphakathi kuya phezulu kulezi zinsika kunezimbobo ezivumela ukuba amanzi ezikhukhula adlule. Phezulu kulezi zinsika, uFicheto wafaka imishayo eqinile namapulangwe e-oki. Ingxenye esele yebhuloho, kuhlanganise nezitolo ezingu-64 eziklele nhlangothi zombili zomgwaqo, kwenziwa ngokhuni lwe-beech. Uphahla nalo lwenziwa nge-beech lwabe selufulelwa ngothayela.

Esinye isici esithakazelisayo somklamo kaFicheto ukuthi wakhetha ukuhlanganisa imishayo esekela ibhuloho ngezipikili zokhuni esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ezensimbi. Ekugcineni isisekelo esiwukhuni salo mgwaqo sagandaywa ngamatshe kwabe sekuthelwa inhlabathi ngaphezulu. Emini, ukukhanya kwelanga kwakungena ngamafasitela amancane aseceleni nezimbobo ezisophahleni. Ebusuku, kwakukhanyiswa iziketekete. Sekukonke, ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwaleli bhuloho elisha kwathatha cishe iminyaka emithathu [1].

Okwenzeka Kuleli Bhuloho

Kwakunjani ukuphila kuleli bhuloho? Phawula incazelo yomunye ufakazi wokuzibonela: “Abadayisi, abantu abadlula ngendlela kanye nezibukeli, ababengaphazamiseki lapho kudlula izimoto, izinqola zamahhashi noma izimbongolo ezithwele imithwalo, babezixoxela kuyilapho abacangcathi bensimbi besebenza . . . kumemeza abadayisi, ababememeza bekhangisa izimpahla zabo. Kwakunezinto eziningi ezazenzeka kuleli bhuloho. Izitolo eziningi ezinemibalabala, ezigcwele phama izinto ezenziwe ngensonto, ubuhlalu nezinto ezihlukahlukene, zazinemisebenzi yazo namasiko.”

Ngaphandle nje kokuthenga ebhulohweni elinophahla, abantu babehlangana lapho ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa, njengoba abanikazi bezitolo abaningi babebuye babe abadlali bomculo. Ufakazi wokuzibonela ocashunwe ekuqaleni wanezela: “Endaweni yokugunda, kwakunabagundi abahlanu noma abayisithupha ababengabadlali bomculo abanekhono, bedlala ngokuyinhloko izigingci, ngaphandle nje kokuba abagundi. Ngokuvamile babeba nethutshana lokudlala umculo, futhi amakhasimende ayekujabulela ukubalinda baze baqede.” Ngemva kwempi yezwe yokuqala, abanye balaba bagundi baba abasunguli beqembu okuthiwa i-Barber’s Orchestra.

Kugadla Inhlekelele

Kwaphela iminyaka engaba amashumi amahlanu ibhuloho likaFicheto elinophahla lisinda ezikhukhuleni, ezimpini nakwezinye izinhlekelele. Kodwa ngobusuku bango-August 2/3, 1925, kwavutha amalangabi eLovech lapho ibhuloho elihle lakuleli dolobha lisha lingqongqa. Kwenzeka kanjani? Kuze kube namuhla akekho oqinisekayo ukuthi lowo mlilo wabangelwa ukunganaki okuthile noma wokhelwa othile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini eyenzeka, iLovech yabuye yaswela ibhuloho elinqamula lo mfula.

Ngo-1931 kwaqedwa ibhuloho elisha elinophahla, kanye nezitolo ezincane namashabhu anhlangothi zombili zomgwaqo [2]. Kodwa esikhundleni sokwakha leli bhuloho ngamapulangwe nangamatshe, umakhi omusha wasebenzisa insimbi nokhonkolo. Umklamo usuwonke wawuhluke kakhulu kokaFicheto. Uphahla lwenziwa ngengilazi, futhi ingxenye ethile ephakathi yayingenalo udonga emaceleni. Ngo-1981/82, leli bhuloho lavuselelwa kulandelwa umklamo wokuqala kaKolyo Ficheto [3].

Ibhuloho laseLovech elinophahla liwuphawu lwedolobha nobufakazi bobuciko babaklami. Namuhla leli bhuloho lisazikhanga izakhamuzi nezivakashi njengoba zihamba kuleli bhuloho eliphahlwe yizitolo.

[Ibalazwe ekhasini 22]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

BULGARIA

SOFIA

Lovech

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 23]

Photo 2: From the book Lovech and the Area of Lovech