Nansi “Indoda Yasehlathini” Lase-Indonesia
NJENGOBA sasibambelele egatsheni elibonakala lintekenteke ukuthi lingathwala umzimba waso, lesi silwane esikhulu sasigqolozela. Sibambe umoya, nathi sasigqolozela. Sasingenankinga sona, kodwa thina sasishaqekile. Sama sigqolozelene ne-orangutan, isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwezihlala emithini!
Ama-orangutan angamalungu omkhaya wezinkawu, njengoba kunjalo nangama-gorilla nama-chimpanzee. Lezi zilwane zithanda ukuhlala zodwa emahlathini aminyene aseBorneo naseSumatra, iziqhingi ezimbili ezinkulu eziseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Igama lazo lakhiwa amagama amabili esi-Indonesia elithi orang nelithi hutan, asho “indoda yasehlathini.”
Ungathanda yini ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zinkawu ezibomvu ezithakazelisayo? Khona-ke masihambisane njengoba singena phakathi eBorneo siyozivakashela ezweni lazo lendabuko ezihlala kulo.
Nansi I-orangutan
Ukuze sibone ama-orangutan, saya eTanjung Puting National Park, ikhaya lezilwane eziningi. Izinkulungwane zama-orangutan ezihlala kule ndawo ziyizintandokazi.
Uhambo lwethu lokuvakasha lwaqala echwebeni elincane laseKumai, lapho sagibela khona isikebhe sokhuni esibizwa ngokuthi i-klotok. Sakhuphuka nomfula, sangena phakathi emhubheni omncane wehlathi eliminyene. Osebeni lomfula kwakukhona izihlahla eziningi zesundu lohlobo lwe-nipa, futhi esizibeni esinamanzi amnyama kwakunezingwenya eziyingozi kabi. Kwakunemisindo engavamile kuleli hlathi, okwasenza saba nesasasa.
Lapho sesehlile esikebheni, sazifutha ngomuthi oxosha izinambuzane sase singena phakathi kuleli hlathi. Kungakapheli nemizuzu etheni, sabona i-orangutan yokuqala—iduna elikhulu okukhulunywe ngalo ekuqaleni. Uma buhlatshwa yilanga lantambama, uboya balo obuyephuzelayo obubomvu babucwebezela njengethusi elipholishiwe. Ngaphansi kwalobu boya, izikhwepha zalo ezinkulu zazilenza libe yinto emangalisayo!
Amaduna amadala asendle, angamamitha angaba ngu-1,7 ubude kanti anesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angu-90, esisiphinda kabili esezinsikazi. Amaduna asekhule ngokuphelele aba nezihlathi ezinkulu, okwenza ubuso bawo bube yindilinga eyisicaba. Ananebilo elilengayo, alisebenzisela ukubhonga. Ngezinye izikhathi enza umsindo omkhulu odonsayo ongathatha imizuzu emihlanu uzwakale ebangeni elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha amabili. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi kungani kuthiwa “ukumemeza okuthatha isikhathi eside”! Amaduna avame ukubhonga ukuze akhange izinsikazi futhi axoshe nezimbangi.
Ahlala Phezulu Emithini
Njengoba siqhubeka nendlela, sabona ama-orangutan ezwibeka emithini. Izinyawo nezandla zawo zinamandla, zithambile kanti zigobe njengamahhuku—zineminwe emide, izithupha ezimfushane nezinzwane ezinkulu. Abambelela kalula emagatsheni futhi azwibeka ngesineke kodwa awabonakali neze ejahile.
Ama-orangutan angompetha bokuzifihla, njengoba avele anyamalale kuhle kwethunzi phezulu emithini. Uma ehamba phansi awasheshi; umuntu angawashiya nje kalula.
Lezi zilwane zichitha cishe konke ukuphila kwazo ziphezulu emithini, futhi ziwukuphela kwezinkawu ezenza kanjalo. Ngokuvamile kusihlwa lapho seliyoshona, zikhetha amagatsha aqinile anamabhaxa amabili, zihlanganise amahlumela awo, zenze umbhede onethezekile phezulu emthini ongamamitha angu-20. Ukuze ziphephe lapho lina, ngezinye izikhathi zakha “uphahla” oluyisikhoselo, okuyinto ama-chimpanzee nama-gorilla angayenzi. Wonke lo msebenzi ziwenza ngemizuzu engaba mihlanu kuphela!
Ama-orangutan athola nokudla akuthandayo, izithelo, kuzo lezi zihlahla. Anenkumbulo enhle futhi azi kahle ukuthi angazithola nini futhi kuphi izithelo ezivuthiwe. Abuye adle namaqabunga, amagxolo, amahlumela, uju nezinambuzane. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-orangutan asebenzisa uthi ukuze akhiphe uju noma izinambuzane ezisezimbotsheni zemithi. Zingaphezu kuka-400 sezizonke izinhlobo zokudla okudliwa ama-orangutan!
Njengoba siqhubeka, sabona omunye umbukwane—ama-orangutan ayedla inqwaba kabhanana. Lezi zilwane zakhulela endaweni ezazivalelwe kuyo zabe sezidedelwa zaya endle. Njengoba zingenawo amakhono okuphila njengama-orangutan asendle, ziphiwa ukudla ukuze zithasisele kulokho ezizitholela khona.
Ukuphila Komkhaya Wama-orangutan
Sabukela njengoba abantwanyana bebambelele emihlane konina kanti asebekhulakhulile begcaluza phansi noma behla benyuka emithini. Ama-orangutan ayizinsikazi aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-45. Lapho esekhule ngokwanele, eseneminyaka engu-15 noma engu-16, azala kanye njalo ngemva kweminyaka engu-7 noma engu-8. Ngokuvamile i-orangutan eyinsikazi iba nabantwana abangaba bathathu ekuphileni kwayo. Lokhu kuwenza abe phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezingazali kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isibopho phakathi kukamama nomntwana osanda kuzalwa siqine kakhulu. Ama-orangutan ayizinsikazi ancelisa futhi aqeqeshe abantwana bawo iminyaka engu-8 noma ngaphezulu. Phakathi nonyaka wakhe wokuqala, umntwana cishe unamathela emhlane kanina. Ngemva kwalokho, ngeke aqhele kunina kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa umntwana olandelayo. Izinsikazi esezikhulakhulile zingase zihlale zibheke indlela onina ababanakekela ngayo abantwana abasanda kuzalwa.
Nokho, amaduna asekhulakhulile onina bayawaxosha ngemva nje kokuzalwa komntwana omusha. Abe esehla enyuka ehlathini ewodwa, ahlanganise indawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele angu-15 noma ngaphezulu. Avame ukuwagwema amanye amaduna futhi azihlanganisa nezinsikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela.
Izinsikazi zivame ukuhlala esiqeshini nje esincane sehlathi ukuphila kwazo konke. Ngezinye izikhathi, zidla nezinye izinsikazi emthini ofanayo, kodwa ngisho nalapho, azibi nabo ubudlelwane nezinye. Ukuzihlukanisa kwama-orangutan kuwenza abe uhlobo lwenkawu olungavamile. Kodwa ukuze sifunde okwengeziwe ngale “ndoda yasehlathini,” kunenye futhi indawo okwakufanele siyivakashele.
Izinkawu Ezisengcupheni
Ngaphakathi kuleli paki kukhona iCamp Leakey—isikhungo sokunakekela, ukucwaninga nokulondoloza ama-orangutan esethiwa ngesazi semvelaphi yabantu uLouis Leakey. Lapha, ama-orangutan ahlala eseduze. Amanye asondela kithi ukuze siwathwebule izithombe noma enze imigilingwane yawo. Enye insikazi esikhulile yaze yathatha nebhantshi lomngane wami! Sasijabule ngokuba seduze kangaka kwalezi zilwane ezinhle.
Nokho, kunesixwayiso esisangulukisayo eCamp Leakey: Ama-orangutan asengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ezinye izazi zemvelo zikholelwa ukuthi mancane amathemba okuthi ayosinda endle—iminyaka engaba yishumi noma ngaphansi. Cabangela izinsongo ezintathu eziyinhloko.
Ukugawulwa kwemithi. Kuye kwashabalala cishe amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 endawo engokwemvelo yama-orangutan. Elase-Indonesia lilahlekelwa amahlathi angaba amakhilomitha-skwele angu-51 ngosuku, okulingana nezinkundla ezinhlanu zebhola likanobhutshuzwayo umzuzu ngamunye.
Ukuzingela okungemthetho. Njengoba abantu bephazamisa ihlathi, ama-orangutan achayeka kakhulu engozini yabazingeli. Ugebhezi lwayo lungaba ngu-R530 uma ludayiswa ngokungemthetho njengomhlobiso. Abanye babheka ama-orangutan njengosongo ezilimweni. Abanye bayawabulala bawadle.
Adayiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma edayiswa ngokungemthetho, umntwana we-orangutan angabiza imali esukela emakhulwini ambalwa amarandi kuya emashumini ezinkulungwane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kudayiswa abantwana bama-orangutan abangaba ngu-1 000 unyaka ngamunye.
Izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezizimele zenza imizamo yokutakula ama-orangutan ekuqothulweni. Imizamo yazo ihlanganisa ukwakha izikhungo zokuwanakekela, ukuqaphelisa abantu ngezinhlelo zokubafundisa, ukuvula amapaki neziqiwu kanye nokunqanda ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho.
IBhayibheli lembula ukuthi maduze uNkulunkulu ‘uzobachitha abachitha umhlaba’ futhi amise ipharadesi lomhlaba wonke. (IsAmbulo 11:18; Isaya 11:4-9; Mathewu 6:10) Ngaleso sikhathi, amazwi omhubi ayogcwaliseka: “Yonke imithi yehlathi mayiqhumuke ngenjabulo.” (IHubo 96:12) Izilwane ezinjengama-orangutan, “indoda yasehlathini” lase-Indonesia, ziyochuma zingaphazanyiswa usongo lwabantu abafuna ukuziqothula.
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(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
MALAYSIA
Borneo
INDONESIA
Sumatra
AUSTRALIA
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Ubuso beduna eselikhulile bunezihlathi eziyisicaba
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© imagebroker/Alamy
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Ama-“orangutan” azwibeka kalula ezihlahleni kodwa awasheshi uma ehamba phansi
Credit Lines]
Top: © moodboard/Alamy; bottom: Orangutan in the Camp Leakey of Tanjung Puting National Park, managed by BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut
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Orangutan in the Camp Leakey of Tanjung Puting National Park, managed by BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut
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Orangutan in the Camp Leakey of Tanjung Puting National Park, managed by BTNTP, UPT Ditjen PHKA Dephut