Incwadi YeBhayibheli Yama-65—UJuda

Umlobi: UJuda

Yalotshelwa: EPalestina (?)

Ukuloba Kwaphela: Cishe ngo-65 C.E.

1. Kwakungenxa yaziphi izimo phakathi ebandleni uJuda akubona kudingekile ukuba alobele abazalwane bakhe incwadi yakhe enomfutho?

ABAFOWABO bakaJuda abangamaKristu babesengozini! Phakathi nesikhathi esasidlulile kusukela ekufeni nasekuvukeni kukaKristu Jesu, abangaphandle babengene ngokunyenya ebandleni lobuKristu. Isitha sasingenile ngenjongo yokwenza buthaka ukholo, njengoba nje umphostoli uPawulu, cishe eminyakeni engu-14 ngaphambili, ayexwayisile. (2 Thes. 2:⁠3) Abazalwane kwakufanele baxwayiswe futhi baqasheliswe kanjani ngalengozi? Incwadi kaJuda, enomfutho namandla enkulumweni yayo engagunci, yanikeza impendulo. UJuda ngokwakhe wakhuluma ngesimo sakhe ngokucacile emavesini 3 no-4: ‘Ngacindezeleka ukunilobela ngokuba sebengenile ngokunyenya abantu abathile, abangamesabi uNkulunkulu, bephendukezela umusa kaNkulunkulu wethu ube-ngamanyala.’ Zona kanye izisekelo zemfundiso nokuziphatha okuhle zazisongelwa. UJuda wezwa kudingekile ukuba alwele izithakazelo zabafowabo, ukuze nabo balwele inkolo.

2. (a) Wayengubani uJuda? (b) Yibuphi ubuhlobo noJesu uJuda ayebazisa kakhulu?

² Kodwa wayengubani uJuda? Amazwi asekuqaleni asitshela ukuthi lencwadi yalotshwa “uJuda inceku kaJesu Kristu, umfowabo kaJakobe, kubo ababiziweyo.” Ingabe uJuda, noma uJudas, wayengumphostoli, njengoba ababili babaphostoli bakaJesu bokuqala abangu-12 babebizwa ngokuthi oJuda? (Luka 6:​16) UJuda akazibizi ngokuthi ungumphostoli, kodwa esikhundleni salokho lapho ekhuluma ngabaphostoli usebenzisa isivumelwano sokukhulunywa ngabo esithi “ba-” ngokusobala ezikhipha yena. (Juda 17, 18) Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzibiza ngokuthi “umfowabo kaJakobe,” ngokusobala esho umlobi wencwadi kaJakobe, owayengumfowabo kaJesu ngomzali oyedwa. (Vs. 1) Njengomunye ‘wezinsika’ zebandla laseJerusalema, loJakobe wayaziwa kahle, futhi ngalokho uJuda uzihlanganisa naye. Lokhu kwenza uJuda abe futhi umfowabo kaJesu ngomzali oyedwa, futhi ubalwa kanjalo ohlwini. (Gal. 1:​19; 2:⁠9; Math. 13:​55; Marku 6:⁠3) Nokho, uJuda akazange abuqokomise ubuhlobo bakhe obungokwenyama noJesu, kodwa ngokuzithoba wagcizelela ubuhlobo bakhe obungokomoya ‘njengenceku kaJesu Kristu.’​—⁠1 Kor. 7:​22; 2 Kor. 5:​16; Math. 20:⁠27.

3. Yini efakazela ubuqiniso bencwadi kaJuda?

³ Ubuqiniso balencwadi yeBhayibheli busekelwa ukuthintwa kwayo oCezwini LukaMuratori, lwekhulu lesibili leminyaka C.E. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uClement waseAlexandria (wekhulu lesibili leminyaka C.E.) wayamukela njengesohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. UOrigen wabhekisela kuyo njengencwadi “enemisho embalwa, nokho egcwele amazwi aphilayo omusa wasezulwini.”a UTertullian naye wayibheka njengeyiqiniso. Akukho kungabaza ngokuthi iyingxenye yemiBhalo ephefumlelwe.

4. Incwadi kaJuda iluhlobo luni, ngokunokwenzeka yalotshelwa kuphi, futhi yini esikiselwayo ngokwesikhathi sokulotshwa?

⁴ UJuda ulobela “ababiziweyo,” engagaguli ibandla elithile noma umuntu ngokukhethekile, ngakho incwadi yakhe iyincwadi kawonk’ uwonke okumelwe ijikeleze kabanzi kuwo wonke amaKristu. Nakuba kungashiwongo, indawo okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yalotshelwa kuyo isePalestina. Kunzima futhi ukusho usuku ngokuqiniseka. Nokho, kumelwe ukuba kwase kunesikhathi impela lisunguliwe ibandla lobuKristu, ngoba uJuda uletha ukunakekela ‘emazwini akhulunywé ngaphambili abaphostoli beNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu’ futhi ngokusobala ucaphuna eyesi-⁠2 Petru 3:⁠3. (Juda 17, 18) Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukufana okunamandla phakathi kwencwadi kaJuda nesahluko sesibili sencwadi kaPetru wesiBili. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi waloba cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo noPetru, bobabili bekhathazeke ngokujulile ngengozi eyayisongela ibandla ngalesosikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kusikiselwa ukuthi kungaba unyaka ka-65 C.E. Lowonyaka usekelwa futhi ukuthi uJuda akasho lutho ngokungenela kukaCestius Gallus ukuba aqede ukuvukela kwamaJuda ngo-66 C.E., futhi akasho lutho ngokuwa kweJerusalema ngo-70 C.E. UJuda encwadini yakhe ubhekisela ezahlulelweni ezithile zaphezulu ezakhishelwa izoni, futhi kunengqondo ukuthi ukuba iJerusalema lase liwile kakade, wayeyoqinisa iphuzu lakhe ngokukhuluma ngalokhu kukhishwa kwesahlulelo, ikakhulukazi njengoba uJesu asibikezela lesenzakalo.​—⁠Juda 5-⁠7; Luka 19:​41-⁠44.

OKUQUKETHWE INCWADI KAJUDA

5. (a) Kungani uJuda ekubona kudingekile ukuba alobele ababiziweyo ukuba ‘balwele inkolo’? (b) Yiziphi iziboniso uJuda azicaphunayo?

⁵ Izixwayiso ngobufebe nokweyisa imibuso (amav. 1-16). Ngemva kokubabingelela ngothando “ababiziweyo,” uJuda uthi ubehlose ukuloba “ngensindiso esiyihlanganyele sonke,” kodwa manje uye wakubona kudingekile ukuba abalobele ukuba ‘balwele inkolo.’ Ngani? Ngoba abantu abangamesabi uNkulunkulu sebengenile ngokunyenya, bephendukezela umusa kaNkulunkulu ube-ngamanyala. Labantu, kusho uJuda, “[ba]phika uMbusi oyedwa neNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu.” (Amav. 1, 3, 4) Ubakhumbuza ukuthi nakuba uJehova asindisa isizwe esikhipha ezweni laseGibithe, kamuva “[waba]bhubhisa labo abangakholwanga.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, uJehova ugcinele izingelosi ezashiya ikhaya lazo “ukulahlwa kosuku olukhulu.” Ngokufanayo, isijeziso saphakade eSodoma naseGomora nemizi engomakhelwane bayo iyisiboniso sesiphetho salabo ‘abenza ubufebe nabalandela inyama.’​—⁠Amav. 5-⁠7.

6. Abantu abangamesabi uNkulunkulu bazitika kukuphi, futhi uJuda ubufanekisa kanjani ububi nomphumela wokuziphatha kwabo?

⁶ Manje, ngendlela efanayo, abantu abangamesabi uNkulunkulu ‘bangcolisa inyama, beyisa imibuso, bahlambalaza ubukhosi.’ Phela, ngisho noMikayeli ingelosi enkulu akazange amhlambalaze uDeveli lapho bephikisana ngesidumbu sikaMose, njengoba amane wathi: “INkosi [uJehova] mayikujezise.” Nokho labantu bayahlambaza futhi bayazibhubhisa njengezidalwa ezingenangqondo. Bahamba endleleni kaKayini, uBalami, noKora abahlubukayo. Banjengamadwala afihleké phansi kwamanzi, njengamafu angenamanzi, njengemithi engenazithelo efé kabili futhi esishuliwe, njengamaza adlangalalayo akhephuza amahlazo awo, nanjengezinkanyezi ezidukayo. Laba “[ba]gcinelwe ubumnyama bobumnyama baphakade.” (Amav. 8, 9, 13) UEnoke waprofetha ukuthi uJehova uyobahlulela labantu abangamesabi uNkulunkulu. Bayizinkonondi nabasolayo, futhi batusa ubuso ngobugovu.

7. (a) Abaphostoli baxwayisa kanjani ngabahleka usulu? (b) Ngokucabangela ithemba lokuphila okuphakade, yini ‘abathandekayo’ okumelwe bazenzele yona bona siqu nabanye?

⁷ Iseluleko sokuhlala othandweni lukaNkulunkulu (amav. 17-25). UJuda ukhumbuza abazalwane ngendlela abaphostoli beNkosi uJesu Kristu ababevame ukubaxwayisa ngayo ngokuthi “ngesikhathi sokugcina kuyakuba-khona abahleka usulu, behamba ngezinkanuko zabo zokungamesabi uNkulunkulu.” Laba baphehli bothuthuva “[ba]ngabenyama bengenaMoya.” Ngakho-ke, ‘abathandekayo’ kumelwe bazakhe okholweni futhi bazigcine othandweni lukaNkulunkulu, bebheké umusa kaKristu “kube-ngukuphila okuphakade.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, mababonise ububele kwabantengayo futhi babasize. UJuda uphetha ngokuyisa inkazimulo ngeNkosi uJesu Kristu ‘kuNkulunkulu, uMsindisi wethu’ Lowo ongabalinda ekukhubekeni.​—⁠Amav. 18-21, 25.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE NENZUZO

8. UJuda wayisebenzisa kanjani imiBhalo ephefumlelwe kanye ‘nencwadi yemvelo’ ekuyaleni abazalwane bakhe?

⁸ UJuda ngokwakhe wathola imiBhalo ephefumlelwe inenzuzo ekuxwayiseni, ekunxuseni, ekukhuthazeni, ekufundiseni, nasekuyaleni ‘abathandekayo.’ Ekudaluleni isono esikhulu sabangene ngokunyenya abangamesabi uNkulunkulu, wasebenzisa imifanekiso ecacile evela emiBhalweni yesiHeberu, njengeyamaIsrayeli ahlehlela emuva, izingelosi ezona, nezakhamuzi zaseSodoma naseGomora, ebonisa ukuthi bonke abenza ububi obufanayo bayothola isijeziso esifanayo. Wafanisa abantu ababi nezidalwa ezingenangqondo, futhi wathi babehamba endleleni kaKayini, begijimela ekudukeni kukaBalami, futhi bebhubha njengoKora ngenxa yokuphika kwabo. Wasebenzisa futhi imifanekiso ecacile evela ‘encwadini yendalo.’ Incwadi kaJuda engagunciyo ngokwayo yaba ingxenye yayo “yonke imiBhalo,” okumelwe itadishwe kanye nayo yonke eminye imiBhalo, eyala ngokuziphatha okuhle “ngesikhathi sokugcina.”​—⁠Juda 17, 18, 5-7, 11-13; Num. 14:​35-37; Gen. 6:⁠4; 18:​20, 21; 19:​4, 5, 24, 25; 4:​4, 5, 8; Num. 22:​2-7, 21; 31:⁠8; 16:​1-7, 31-⁠35.

9. Kungani isixwayiso sikaJuda sisadingeka ngalesikhathi, futhi yiziphi izici amaKristu okumelwe aqhubeke ezakha kuzo?

⁹ Ukuphikisa novivinyo okuvela ngaphandle kwakuhlulekile ukuvimbela ukukhula kobuKristu, kodwa manje abazalwane babesengozini yokonakala okuvela ngaphakathi. Amadwala afihleke ngaphansi ayesongela ukuphihliza lonke ibandla. Eqaphela ukuthi lengozi yayingalimaza ngisho nangokwengeziwe, uJuda wakukhuthaza ngokunamandla “ukulwela inkolo.” Incwadi yakhe ingefike ngesikhathi namuhla njengoba yayinjalo emuva ngalesosikhathi. Isixwayiso esifanayo sisadingeka. Ukholo kusamelwe lulondwe futhi lulwelwe, ukuziphatha okubi kusishulwe, abangabazayo basizwe ngobubele futhi ‘bahlwithwe emlilweni,’ uma lokho kungenzeka. Ukuze aziphathe ngobuqotho, aphumelele ngokomoya, futhi akhulekele ngeqiniso, amaKristu namuhla kumelwe aqhubeke ezakha okholweni olungcwele kakhulu. Kumelwe anamathele ezimisweni ezilungile futhi asondele kuNkulunkulu ngomthandazo. Adinga futhi ukuba nenhlonipho efanele ‘ngemibuso,’ ahloniphe igunya elinikezwe uNkulunkulu ebandleni lobuKristu.​—⁠Juda 3, 23, 8.

10. (a) Ibandla kumelwe libaphathe kanjani abantu abangabenyama, futhi lokhu kuyoba namuphi umphumela? (b) Yimuphi umvuzo olindele izindlalifa zoMbuso, futhi lezi zihlanganyela noJuda kukuphi?

¹⁰ Abantu ‘abangabenyama bengenamoya,’ abasoze bangena eMbusweni kaNkulunkulu futhi bayomane bafake engozini abanye abasendleleni eya ekuphileni okuphakade. (Juda 19; Gal. 5:​19-21) Ibandla kumelwe lixwayiswe ngabo, futhi kumelwe libaxoshe! Kanjalo, “umusa nokuthula nothando” kuyokwandiswa kwabathandekayo, futhi bayozigcina besothandweni lukaNkulunkulu, ‘bebheké umusa weNkosi yabo uJesu Kristu, kube-ngukuphila okuphakade.’ UNkulunkulu uMsindisi uyomisa izindlalifa zoMbuso ‘phambi kwenkazimulo yakhe zingenasici, zinokuthokoza okukhulu.’ Ngokuqinisekile lezi zihlanganyela noJuda ekunikezeni “ukukhazimula, nobukhosi, namandla, negunya” kuYe ngoJesu Kristu.​—⁠Juda 2, 21, 24, 25.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]