Ukuphishekela Ukulingana

AKEKHO ofuna ukuzibeka phansi. “Nami ngingumuntu njengabanye” kuyisisho esivamile. Asiwutholi yini umoya wokuziphakamisa ucasula? Kunikeza isibindi ukuzizwa ulingana nabanye. Nokho, kulula ukucabanga nokukhuluma ngokulingana kunokukuzuza, njengoba abaningi baye bakubona. Cabangela lesibonelo.

Ngo-1776 amazwe abuswa yiNgilandi aseNyakatho neMelika aphakamisa isikhalo sawo sokufuna uzibuse. Isimemezelo sawo Esaziwayo Sikazibuse saphawula ukuthi “amaqiniso kumelwe abe sobala” okuthi “bonke abantu badalwa belingana.” Futhi aqhubeka athi kwakuyilungelo lazo zonke izakhamuzi ukujabulela “ukuphila, inkululeko, nokuphishekela injabulo.”

Ngesikhathi lamazwe ayi-13 ehlubuka eBrithani, inani labantu cishe laliyizigidi ezintathu. Kulaba, ingxenye engaphezu kwesigidi yayiyizigqila. Kwathatha cishe iminyaka eyikhulu ukuqeda ubugqila eUnited States of America. UThomas Jefferson, umgqugquzeli omkhulu waleSimemezelo, wahlala enezigqila kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Izinjongo zaleSimemezelo zazingezifanelekile, nokho isikhathi sasidingekile ngisho nangengxenye yesisekelo sokulingana okunjalo ukuba siqashelwe.

Emhlabeni wonke abaningi basantula inkululeko, noma basabandlululwa. Beqaphela lokhu, abantu abahlukahlukene baye banikela ukuphila kwabo ekuzameni ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo zokungalungi nokungalingani. Enye incwadi yamuva ekhishwe iNhlangano yeZizwe ekhuluma ngenkululeko iye yabhekisela izikhathi eziningi ekulinganeni nasesidingweni sokulingana. Ngokusobala kusewumgomo ongenakufinyelelwa. Kungani?

Inkinga iwukuthi ukulingana kunezici eziningi futhi akuyona into elula ukuyichaza. Abantu bafuna ukulingana ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokwezimo zabo. Khona-ke kukuliphi izinga, lapho kungashiwo khona ukuthi abantu bayalingana? Yini esingayilindela ngokunengqondo, kokubili manje nasesikhathini esizayo, ekulinganeni nabantu esikanye nabo?

Ukulingana—Kungokoqobo Kangakanani Namuhla?

Umntanenkosi nempofana bangazalelwa edolobheni elifanayo ngosuku olufanayo, kodwa umcebo namalungelo akhethekile ngokunokwenzeka kuyowela komunye njengoba nje nobumpofu buyokwehlela komunye. Lokhu kumane kungesinye isici esibonisa ukuthi kungani kungeke kwashiwo ukuthi bonke abantu namuhla bazalwa belingana.

Okuningi kuxhomeke emphakathini esihlala kuwo kanye namazinga okulingana oye wawathuthukisa eminyakeni eminingi. IEncyclopædia Britannica ikuqoqa kahle:

“Yonke imiphakathi ngokungenakuvinjelwa yenza amalungiselelo okuba ihlanganyele ingcebo, amalungelo, namanye amagugu. Phakathi kwabantu namaqembu lamalungiselelo abonakalisa onke amazinga okulingana nokungalingani.”

Kunoma imuphi umphakathi, wonke umuntu unokuthile angakunikeza lokho okungokuvelele kakhulu kuye. Kungakho abanye baye bazama ukuthuthukisa iziphiwo zabanye abantu namakhono abo bonke nokwabelana ngokulinganayo ngengcebo nangenzuzo yomkhiqizo. Kungakho isisho samakhomanisi sithi: “Kusuka kulowo nalowo ngokwekhono lakhe, kuye kulowo nalowo ngokwezidingo zakhe,” Futhi: “Kusuka kulowo nalowo ngokwekhono lakhe, kuye kulowo nalowo ngokomsebenzi wakhe.” Nokho, naphezu kwemizamo ebonakalayo yolwazi olunjalo lokuhlakanipha, ukungalingani kungokuphikelelayo ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimiso zikahulumeni womuntu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi, kunokuthuthukisa izindlela zokulingana, ezinye izimiso zezombangazwe ziye zafuna ukuzuza kulokho kungalingani kwezizwe okucatshangelwayo. Khumbula ukugcizelela kobuNazi “isizwe esikhulu.” Nokho ukuba khona kwanoma isiphi isizwe esikhulu sekunesikhathi eside kugxekwa. Ngaphandle kokwehlukana okubonakalayo ezicini ezingokomzimba, “ukuba khona okungenakuvinjelwa kokwehlukana koqobo kwezizwe ngokuziphatha nangokuhlakanipha kubanzima ukukwamukela,” kuye kwacashunwa futhi kuEncyclopædia Britannica. Okunjalo ukulingana kwezizwe kuyisisekelo.

Imfundo Nekhono

Imfundo ingase ibe umlinganisi omkhulu uma amalungiselelo ayo ehlala ekhona, kodwa ngokuvamile akuhambi ngaleyondlela. Emazweni amaningi, izimali eziye zatholakala kanzima kumelwe zikhokhele ngisho nemfundo yokuqala ngqá.

Ngokwesibonelo, kwelinye izwe elisengxenyeni yomhlaba eseningizimu, abantu abangamaphesenti angama-20 kuphela abafundile. Kungokujwayelekile lapho ukuthola umkhaya onabantwana ababili bokuqala abanemfundo enhle kodwa abanye bengafundanga nhlobo, ngenxa nje yokuthi imali etholwa umkhaya ngeke yakuvumela lokho. Amanye amazwe athuthukayo abhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo.

Lesisimo senza ukuba kungabibikho ukulingana ngenxa yokuthi, emphakathini wethu wanamuhla, intuthuko engenzeka ngokomnotho inikezwa labo abafundile. Futhi, iziqu zamanye amayunivesithi zifunwa kakhulu kunezamanye ngenxa yokuthi lawa amanye adumile. Khona-ke imfundo ayiyona neze impendulo yokugcina enkingeni yanamuhla yokungalingani.

Amalungelo Ayisisekelo

Izici zofuzo zingase zibonakalise ukuthi abantu bangeke neze bafana kuzo zonke izimo, nokho awuvumi yini ukuthi ngokwezisekelo ezithile ukulingana kumelwe kube khona? Ingabe isintu ngeke sibe esithuthuke kangcono uma intuthuko ingase yenziwe kulezizici:

UKULINGANA KWEZIZWE: Singalunqoba kanjani ubandlululo ngokuvamile olwenziwa esinye isizwe noma iqembu kwelinye? Inzondo iyaqhubeka futhi ibangela izinkinga eziningi. Yini engenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kwabantu ngabanye ngokulinganayo, banikwe inhlonipho ebafanele?

UKUDLA: Lapho ubona izithombe zabantwana abalambile futhi ufunda nangezigidi ezifayo unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokungondleki kahle noma ngezifo ezihlobene nakho, usabela kanjani? Kwaziwa kahle ukuthi kungase kube khona ukudla okwanele kwabo bonke abantu emhlabeni. Khona-ke, kungani kumelwe kungabibikho ukwabelana okulinganayo kwakho ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlupheka okunjalo?

UMSEBENZI: Ukuswela umsebenzi kungase kudale izinhlungu zekhanda nokukhungatheka—ngisho nokuzibulala. Ingabe akunakwenzeka ngabo bonke ukuba bathole umsebenzi ngokuzuzisayo? Ingabe ngeke kwaba khona amalungelo afanayo omsebenzi ngabo bonke?

IMFUNDO: Akumelwe yini wonke umuntu athole okungenani imfundo eyisisekelo, ukuze inkinga yokungafundi inqotshwe? Kunokuba izame ukwandisa ukwehlukana phakathi kwamaqembu abantu (‘abacebile bacebe kakhudlwana, nabampofu babe mpofu kakhulu’), ingabe imfundo ngeke yasiza ekuthuthukiseni isimo sabo bonke? Lokho ngokukhethekile kungaba njalo uma imfundo ihlanganisa okungaphezu kwemfundo yobuchwepheshe, uma ihlanganisa ukuziphatha okuhle nezimiso zobuhlobo babantu obulinganayo.

Ngokuqinisekile, uzovuma ukuthi ukuphishekela ukulingana kusazoqhubeka isikhathi eside!