Ithemba Lokuthula Nokulondeka
“UMhlangano Womhlaba Wonke WeZizwe Ezihlangene wamemezela ngazwi-linye u-1986 njengoNyaka Wokuthula Wezizwe Zonke. LoNyaka uyomenyezelwa ngokomthetho ngomhla ka-24 October 1985, ukugujwa kweminyaka engamashumi amane yeZizwe Ezihlangene.”
UYIBHEKA kanjani lenkulumo engokomthetho yenhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene? Ingabe ikwenza ukuba uzizwe uqiniseke ngokwengeziwe ngekusasa? Abaningi bangathi noma yini enikeza ngisho nethuba elincane lokuletha ukuthula ifanele ukuzanywa. Khona-ke kungani kungabi “noNyaka Wokuthula Wezizwe Zonke”?
Ngokuqinisekile, “uNyaka Wokuthula” onjalo uyovumelana nemigomo yabaqambi benhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene. Emuva ngo-1944, umongameli waseUnited States wathi: “Siye sazimisela . . . ukuba sihlele izizwe ezithanda ukuthula ukuze kuthi ngobunye besifiso, ngobunye bentando, nobunye bamandla, zibe sesimweni sokuqiniseka ukuthi ngeke kube khona onobudlova noma onqobayo. Kungakho kwasekuqaleni kwempi, nangokuvumelana namacebo ethu ezempi, siye saqala ukubeka izisekelo zenhlangano yomhlaba wonke ukuze kugcinwe ukuthula nokulondeka.”
Leyomibono yahlanganyelwa abaningi. “Ukuze iZizwe Ezihlangene zibe khona, kwakudingekile ngendikimba enkulu yabantu ukuba ikholelwe ekhonweni lomuntu ngokuhle, futhi ibe nomuzwa wokuthi amathemba ayo angase asekelwe,” kusho incwadi iDefeat of an Ideal kaShirley Hazzard, owasebenza iminyaka eyishumi njengoNobhala weZizwe Ezihlangene.
Ukumiswa ngokomthetho kwenhlangano entsha kwaveza amathemba abaqambi bayo: “IziNjongo zeZizwe Ezihlangane yilezi: 1. Ukugcina ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba wonke . . . 2. Ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bobungane phakathi kwezizwe obusekelwe ekuhlonishweni kwezimiso zamalungelo afanayo nokuzimisela kwabantu siqu . . . 3. Ukuthola ukubambisana komhlaba wonke ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomhlaba wonke.” Ingabe kukhona okungalungile ngemigomo enjalo?
Kuyavunywa, iZizwe Ezihlangene zaba nesiqalo esihle. Kwaxoxwa ngezimpikiswano zezwe ezibalulekile. Ngo-1948, kwemukelwa isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Omuntu esivelele. Kwasungulwa umsebenzi obalulekile wabantu ukuze kuncishiswe ubumpofu, indlala, izifo, nezimo ezimbi zababaleki. Kwamiswa izimiso zomhlaba wonke, njengezimiso zokulondeka kwemikhumbi nezindiza, izitifiketi zezempilo zabaya kwamanye amazwe, isilinganiso esifanayo sokuposa, nokwabelwa ithuba emsakazweni.
IZizwe Ezihlangene zazihileleke kakhulu emizamweni yokwenza ukuthula ekulweni kweIndia nePakistan ngo-1947-49. Zabonisa amandla azo ngisho nalapho amasosha aqondiswa ifulegi lazo eya eKorea ngo-1950 naseCongo (manje iZaire) ngo-1960. Kusenamasosha eUN agcina ukuthula eCyprus naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Yebo, eminyakeni engama-40 yokugcina iZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zazenzela uphawu. Amazwe angaphezu kwayi-150 aye abonisa ukuthi ayakuqaphela lokhu ngokuthumela abameleli emahhovisi amakhulu azo ahlukahlukene eDolobheni laseNew York, ogwini lweEast River.
Kodwa iZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zafeza izifiso zazo “zokugcina ukuthula nokulondeka komhlaba wonke” ezingeni elingakanani? Futhi imuphi umphumela “uNyaka Wokuthula Wezizwe Zonke” omenyezelwe oyoba nawo?