Isidingo Sokuthula Nokulondeka
“Impi kulelikhulu lamashumi amabili iye yaqhubeka kancane kancane iba ngenobudlova obukhulu, ebulala kakhulu, eyonakele kakhulu ngazo zonke izindlela. . . . Amabhomu awiselwa eHiroshima naseNagasaki ayiphetha impi. Futhi akwenza kwakhanya bha ukuthi akumelwe neze sibe nenye impi. Lesi isifundo umuntu nabaholi kuyo yonke indawo okumelwe basifunde, futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi uma besifunda bayothola indlela eholela ekuthuleni okuhlala njalo. Ayikho enye indlela.”—nguHenry L. Stimson, “Isinqumo Sokusebenzisa Ibhomu Yeathomu,” kumagazini iHarper, kaFebruary 1947.
KWAKUNGEMVA konyaka owodwa nje inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene imisiwe lapho uMnu. Stimson, unobhala wezempi eU.S. kusukela ngo-1940-45, akhuluma khona amazwi angenhla. Nokho, cishe ngemva kweminyaka engama-40, ingabe umuntu uye wasifunda “isifundo”? Ingabe inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene iye yakwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ngawe ukujabulela ukuphila ‘kokuthula okuhlala njalo’? Phela, cabangela izindleko ezinkulu eziye zakhokhwa isintu ngempi nangokulungiselelwa kwempi kusukela nje ngeMpi Yezwe II.
IZINKINGA ESINTWINI: Ziye zaba yini izinkinga zezimpi esintwini kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, naphezu kwemizamo yenhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene yokuletha ukuthula? “Kusukela esiphithiphithini seMpi Yezwe II, kuye kwaba khona izimpi ezinkulu eziyi-105 ([ezinesilinganiso] sabafayo abayi-1 000 noma ngaphezulu unyaka ngamunye) ezalwiwa emazweni angama-66 nasezindaweni ezibuswa ngamanye amazwe. . . . Izimpi kusukela ngo-1945 ziye zabangela ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-16, abaningi kakhulu bephakathi kwalabo ababengahlomile kunaphakathi kwamasosha ayehlomile lawo ayehilelekile. (Isibalo, ikakhulukazi salabo ababengahlomile, asiphelele; ayikho imibhalo engokomthetho egciniwe ngezimpi eziningi.)”—NguRuth Sivard, kuyiWorld Military and Social Expenditures ka1983.
Ukuthula nokulondeka eqinisweni kuqhela kancane kancane—ukuvama kwezimpi kuphakeme kakhulu. USivard uyachaza: “Eminyakeni yawo-1950 isilinganiso [inani lezimpi] sasingeziyi-9 ngonyaka; ngawo-1960, sasingeziyi-11 ngonyaka; ngawo-1970 . . . , sasingeziyi-14 ngonyaka.”
IZINKINGA EZINGOKWENGQONDO: Kusukela kweyaseHiroshima, abantu baye bahlala besovalweni lwempi yenyukliye. Phela, izikhali zenyukliye ezimbalwa zango-1945 ziye zanda, ngo-1983, zafinyelela kweziyizi-50 000 emhlabeni kabanzi. Futhi ezengeziwe ziyakhiqizwa! Ngokusobala, njengoba kokubili inani lezikhali zenyukliye nezizwe ezinazo kukhula, ngokufanayo nengozi yempi yenyukliye iyakhula. Nokho, iyini imiphumela engokwengqondo yokuhlala ngokwesaba impi yenyukliye?
Incwadi ethi Preparing for Nuclear War—The Psychological Effects iyaphendula: “Umphumela wokuphila ethunzini lezikhali zenyukliye emiqondweni nasekuziphatheni kwezingane nabantu abadala kudinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuhlola okwengeziwe . . . Nansi inkinga ekhula masinyane, eqhubekela phambili emiphakathini yethu, ehlangene nesithakazelo njengoba izizukulwane zikhulela ekuvuthweni. Yini ekhathaza amaphupho engane?”
Ngempela, intsha ikakhulukazi elimalayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwekusasa elilondekile. Ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwezingane zaseAustralia ezineminyaka esukela kweyi-10 kuya kweyi-12 kwaveza ukukhulumela okufana nokuthi: “Uma sengikhulile ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba khona impi futhi wonke umuntu eAustralia uzokufa.” “Umhlaba uyoba yimvithi—kuyoba nezidalwa ezifile yonke indawo, futhi iUSA iyoshabalaliswa ebusweni bomhlaba.” Abantwana abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 “baphawula impi yenyukliye njengaleyo engase yenzeke.” Abacwaningi bezenhlalo besaba ukuthi ukuntuleka kwekusasa elilondekile kungase kube okunye okudala umbono wentsha eningi wokuphilela usuku lwanamuhla, onomphumela wokufuna ukuhlubuka.
IZINKINGA EZINGOKOMNOTHO: Phakathi nawo-1930, izindleko ezachithelwa ezimpini zezwe zazilinganiselwa kweziyi-R9 000 000 000 ngonyaka. Kodwa ngo-1982 inani lenyuka laba izi-R1 320 000 000 000. Futhi, njengoba wazi, liye laqhubeka linyuka. Ukuze isize ekuvezeni izinkinga ezinjalo obala, iWorld Military and Social Expenditures ka1983 iyachaza: “Umzuzu ngamunye izingane ezingama-30 zibulawa yindlala nokuntuleka kwezokwelashwa okungabizi kakhulu futhi emzuzwini ngamunye izindleko ezichithelwa kwezempi zezwe zithatha izi-R2 600 000 esikhwameni somphakathi.” (Omalukeke sizenzele.) Futhi manje, eminyakeni emibili eyengeziwe, ziye zafinyelela izi-R4 000 000 umzuzu ngamunye.
Uma ucabanga ngezindleko ezinkulu umuntu aye wazikhokhela impi nasekulungiseleleni impi, yinye into eyiqiniso: Umuntu ngokwakhe, akakayitholi “indlela eyisa ekuthuleni okuhlala njalo.” Nokho, zibuze: Ikhona yini indlela eyisa ekuthuleni nasekulondekeni komhlaba wonke esikhathini sokuphila kwethu? Kungavela kumuphi umthombo? Ingabe kumelwe ubheke enhlanganweni yeZizwe Ezihlangene? Uma kungenjalo, ukuthula nokulondeka kuyofinyelelwa kanjani?