Yayikuphi Imilenze Yakhe?
“ISISULU Sisonteke Esiphambanweni, Izitho Ezivubukuliwe Ziyabonisa.” Ingabe wasibona isihloko esikhulu esinjalo sephephandaba ngoJanuary 1971? Kungenzeka, ngoba kwakunezihloko eziningi zamaphephandaba ezazikhuluma ‘ngobufakazi’ obusha obuthile ngokufa esiphambanweni.
Ngemva kwesihloko esingenhla, indaba yaqaia: “Jerusalem, Jan. 3 (Reuter)—abavubukuli bakwaisrayeli, ngemva kokuvubukula ubufakazi bokuqala obubonakalayo bakubethelwa esiphambanweni, bathe namuhla bungabonisa ukuthi uJesu Kristu kungenzeka wayebethelwe ngendlela ehiukile kunaleyo eboniswa esiphambanweni esiyisiko lemvelo.”
Ingabe lobubufakazi obusha bembula ngempela indlela amajuda esikhathini sikaJesu ayebulawa ngayo esiphambanweni noma esigxotsheni? Yini abavubukuli abayithola ngokuphathelene nokuma kwesidumbu sesisulu? Ingabe lokhu kwaba nokusho okuthile ngokufa kukaJesu? Ungase ubuze, futhi babuqine kangakanani ubufakazi?
Isipikili Ezithendeni
Emuva ngo-1968 kwatholakala ngengozi imihume ethile yokungcwaba eduze neJerusalema. Ngaphakathi, phakathi kwamathambo abuye angcwatshwa, kwakunalokho okwabonakala njengokutholwa okuvelele—amathambo ezithende ayehlatshwe ngesikhonkwane esigqwalile. UDr. Nico Haas, isazi somzimba womuntu noyisazi sokudabuka komuntu saseHebrew UniversityHadassah Medical School, wahola ekucubunguleni lamathambo. I-Israel Exploration Journal ehlonishwayo (1970, Umqulu 20, amakhasi 38-59) yakhipha iziphetho zakhe, ezaholela ezindabeni ezithile zamaphephandaba ezivusa isithakazelo nokufuna ukwazi. Zaziyini lezoziphetho?
Wabika ukuthi okwatholakala kwakuyizinsalela zesidumbu somuntu owabulawa esiphambanweni ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka. Ngokuyisisekelo, kwabonakala sengathi zombili izithende zesisulu zazibethelwe ndawonye esigxotsheni esiqondile, kodwa isipikili sagoba echosheni laso lapho sishaya eqhuzwini logodo. Ngemva kokuba isisulu esingumJuda sesifile, izihlobo zaba nenkinga yokudonsa isipikili, khona-ke sashiwa ezithendeni zaso lapho singcwatshwa. Njengoba isipikili esisodwa sawabhoboza womabili amathambo ezithende futhi njengoba kwabonakala sengathi amathambo emilenze ayenokusikeka okutshekile, uDr. Haas wabika ukuthi kungenzeka isisulu sabulawa ngendlela eboniswe ngezansi. (UDr. Haas futhi waba nomuzwa wokuthi isibazi esisethanjeni lengalo sabonisa ukuthi izingalo zendoda zazibethelwe ogodweni oluvundle kabili.) Kungenzeka uye wawubona umdwebo onjalo ephephandabeni noma endabeni kamagazini. Abaningi bakhathazeka ngendiela uJesu afa ngayo.
Nokho, futhi, wenza kahle ngokubuza: Ingabe ubufakazi babunokwethenjelwa, futhi ingabe ngempela babuthintene nendlela yokufa kukaJesu?
Ukuhlolwa Kabusha Kwezithende
Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, ezinye izazi ezaziwayo, njengoProfesa Yigal Yadin, zaqala ukungabaza iziphetho ezafinyelelwa uHaas. Ekugcineni, i-Israel Exploration Journal (1985, Umqulu 35, amakhasi 22-27) yakhipha “Ukuhlolwa Kabusha,” okwenziwa usosayensi oyisazi sesimo nokudabuka komuntu uJoseph Zias (Umnyango WakwaIsrayeli Wezinto Zasendulo Neminyuziyamu) noEliezer Seke’es (Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School). Babetadishe ubufakazi bokuqala, iZithombe, izimo, nezithombe zeX-ray zamathambo. Ungase umangazwe okunye abakuthola:
Isipikili sasisifushane kuna njengoba uHaas abika khona-ke futhi sasingeke sibe side ngokwane’e ukuba siwabhoboze womabili amathambo ezithende nogodo. Izingcezu zamathambo aZizange zibonwe kahle. Kwakungekho-thambo lesithende sesibili; isipikili sabhoboza isithende esisodwa kuphela. Ezinye izingcezu zamathambo zazivela komunye umuntu ngokuphelele. Ithambo lengalo elihuzuki’e ‘Ialingebona ubufakazi obanelisayo’ bokubethela ogodweni olunqume kabili; ‘eqinisweni, izibazi ezimbili ezifanayo zabonakala ethanjeni lomlenze; azihlangene nakancane nokubethelwa esiphambanweni.’
Yiziphi iziphetho lokhu kuhlaziya okusha okwaholela kuzo? “Kokubili ukwakhiwa kabusha kokuqala nokokugcina kokubethela esiphambanweni [kukaHaas] akunakwenzeka ngokolwazi lobuchwepheshe nangokwesimo somzimba womuntu lapho umuntu ecabangela ubufakazi obusha . . . Asitholangabufakazi bethambo lesithende sobunxele futhi sabona ukuthi isipikili sasanele ukubethe’a ithambo lesithende esisodwa kuphela . . . Ukungabi bikho kwenxeba engalweni nasemathanjeni esandla kUbonakala kusho ukuthi izingalo zomuntu owayelahlwe yicala zaziboshiwe kunokuba zibethelwe.” Uyabona kulelikhasi indlela uZias noSekeles abacabanga ukuthi umuntu wayebekwe ngayo ukuze abulawe.
Kuthiwani NgoJesu?
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubonisani ngendlela uJesu abulawa ngayo? Eqinisweni, okuncane kabi! Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba sixoxile ekhasini 23, uJesu cishe wabulawelwa emthini oqondile ongenalo ugodo olunqume kabili. Akukho muntu namuhla owazi ngokuqinisekile ngisho nokuthi zazingaki izipikili ezasetshenziswa endabeni kaJesu. IThe International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1979, Umqulu 1, ikhasi 826) iyaphawula: “Inani elithe ngqó lezipikili ezasetshenziswa . . . liye laba yindaba yokucabangela okukhulu. Emifanekisweni yangaphambili impela yokubethelwa esiphambanweni izinyawo zikaJesu ziboniswe zishayelwe ngokwehlukene, kodwa kweyamuva ziphanjanisiwe futhi zibethelwe ngesipikili esisodwa.”
Siyazi ukuthi izandla zakhe noma izingalo azizange nje ziboshwe, ngoba kamuva uThomase wathi: “Uma ngingaboni ezandleni zayo inxeba lezipikili.” (Johane 20:25) Lokho kwakungase kusho isipikili esandleni ngasinye, noma “izipikili” ezisebuningini zazingabhekisela emanxebeni ezipikili ‘asezandleni zakhe nasezinyaweni zakhe.’ (Bheka uLuka 24:39.) Ngeke sazi ngokuqondile ukuthi izipikili zamhlaba kuphi, nakuba ngokusobala kwakusezandleni. Ukulandisa okungokomBhalo akuyi nikezi imininingwane eqonde ngqó, futhi akudingeki kwenze kanjalo. Futhi uma izazi eziye zawahlola ngokuqondile amathambo atholakala eduze kwasejerusalema ngo-1968 zingaqiniseki ngisho nokuthi lesosidumbu sasibekwe kanjani, ngokuqinisekile akukufakazeli ukuthi uJesu wayebekwe kanjani.
Ngakho-ke siqaphela ukuthi imifanekiso yokufa kukaJesu ezincwadini zethu, njengalowo owubona ekhasini 24, imane nje iyimifanekiso yesenzakalo efanelekayo yomdwebi, hhayi izinkulumo zesimo somzimba womuntu. Imifanekiso enjalo akudingeki ukuba ibonise imibono eguqukayo nephambanayo yezazi, nemidwebo izigwema ngokuphelele izimpawu zenkolo ezivela ebuqabeni basendulo.