Ingabe Ukukholelwa Ekudalelweni Kubusa Ukuphila Kwakho?
NGOSEPTEMBER 1988 kwenzeka inhlekelele. Amanzi ageleza njalo kunxantathu obanzi wemifula iGanges neBrahmaputra aphakama ngamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye futhi amboza izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zeBangladesh. Kwaminza izinkulungwane. Abacishe babe ngu-37 000 000 basala bengenamakhaya. Imigwaqo engamakhilomitha angaphezuu kwangu-60 000 yanyamalala.
Njengoba izikhukhula ezinjalo ziye zagubuzela iBangladesh izikhathi eziningi, elinye iphephandaba labiza lelozwe ngokuthi “Unxantathu Omiselwe.” Lelogama libonisa lokho abantu abaningi abakubheka njengembangela yezinhlekelele ezinjalo ezishaqayo: ukumiselwa, noma ukudalelwa.
Nakuba abanye bengase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ukudalelwa akukubusi ukuphila, ngempela imibono ethambekele enkolelweni yokudalelwa ikhona kuyo yonke imbulunga. Kungani abaningi kangaka bekholelwa ekudalelweni, futhi iyini inkolelo yokudalelwa?
Indima Yenkolo
Igama elithi “ukudalelwa” livela kwelesiLatini elithi fatum, elisho “lokho okushiwo.”a Abakholelwa enkolelweni yokudalelwa bakholelwa ukuthi izenzakalo zimiswe kusengaphambili nokuthi abantu abanawo amandla okuguqula izinto. Lombono uye wasakazwa izinkolo ezihlukahlukene futhi uye wathonya umbono wezigidi zamakholwa. Ukubheka kafushane izinkolo ezintathu ezinkulu zomhlaba kubonisa ukuthi inkolelo yokudalelwa inamagama ahlukahlukene—ahlukahlukene njengesimo samathempeli amaHindu, amasonto obuIslām, namasonto eLobukholwa.
Ngokwesibonelo, amaMuslim acishe abe izigidi ezingu-900 emhlabeni akholelwa ukuthi ukudalelwa (Kismet) kumiswa ngokwentando yaphezulu.b IQur’ān ithi: “Akukho bubi obenzeka emhlabeni ngokuzenzakalelayo . . . , kunalokho bubhalwe encwadini ngaphambi kokuba sibenze.” “Futhi umphefumulo ngeke ufe ngaphandle kwemvume ka-Allah; isikhathi sinqunyiwe.”—Surah 57:22; 3:145.
IKarma umthetho wembangela nomphumela—olunye uhlangothi lwenkolelo yokudalelwa—othinta ukuphila kwamaHindu acishe abe izigidi ezingu-700 emhlabeni. Kukholelwa ukuthi izenzakalo ezenzeka ekuphileni kwamanje komHindu zinqunywa izenzo zakhe ekuphileni kwakhe kwangaphambili. IGaruda Purana, umbhalo wamaHindu wasendulo, ithi: “Yimisebenzi yalomuntu ekuphileni kwangaphambili enquma uhlobo lomuntu ayoba yilo kokulandelayo, kanye nohlobo lwezifo ayoba isisulu sazo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezomzimba noma ezengqondo . . . Ekuphileni umuntu uthola lokho adalelwe ukuba akuthole.”
Kuthiwani ngamalungu acishe abe izigidi ezingu-1 700 eLobukholwa? Kuyavunywa, abanye kweLobukholwa bangase bathi baye babeka uNkulunkulu esikhundleni sokudalelwa futhi babeka ukunqunyelwa kusengaphambili esikhundleni senkolelo yokuDalelwa. Kodwa iEncyclopædia of Religion and Ethics iyavuma: “Akunakushiwo ukuthi ubuKristu . . . bukhululeke ngokuphelele enkolelweni yokudalelwa.” Amanye amahlelo asananela inkolelo yomgqugquzeli wenguquko wekhulu le-16 leminyaka uMartin Luther, owake wathi umuntu “ubopheke njengogodo, idwala, isigaxa sobumba, noma insika kasawoti.”
Ukuphonsa Imali Nokufunda Izinkanyezi
Nakuba imibono enjalo engenakuguqulwa manje isiyizinkolelo eziyisidala ezinkolweni ezinkulu zeLobukholwa, esinye isazi senkolo siyavuma ukuthi amaningi amalungu alo asayamukela lenkolelo lapho “isisuswe izici ezingokwenkolo.” Kulesosimo, ukudalelwa kungase kumomotheke okwesikhashana bese kubizwa ngokuthi yinhlanhla. Ngokunokwenzeka wazi abaningi abaphonsa imali ngezikhathi ezithile benxusa inhlanhla, noma ukudalelwa. Nakuba bengase bazame ukukudlulisa ngokuthi lokho kumane nje kuyisiko, bayaqhubeka bekwenza, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kubona kubonakala kusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, muva nje iNew York Times ibike ukuthi indoda ethile ehlala eUnited States yathola indibilishi (uhlamvu lwemali) ebika inhlanhla ngemva kokuthenga amathikithi okugembula. Yathi: “Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemva kokuthola indibilishi ebika inhlanhla ngehlelwa yinto enhle.” Kulokhu, wawina amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-66,8. Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi ukukholelwa kwakhe enhlanhleni, noma ekudalelweni, kuye kwancipha?
Abanye abantu bangase bakuhleke ukuphonsa imali. Nokho, bangase bakholelwe ukuthi ikusasa labo linqunywa kusengaphambili ukunyakaza kwezinkanyezi—olunye uhlangothi lokudalelwa. ENyakatho Melika kuphela, amaphephandaba acishe abe ngu-1 200 anezinhlu zokufundwa kwezinkanyezi. Okunye ukuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-55 entsha eUnited States akholelwa ukuthi ukufundwa kwezinkanyezi kuyasebenza.
Yebo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubizwa ngokuthi iKismet, iKarma, uNkulunkulu, inhlanhla, noma izinkanyezi, ukukholelwa ekudalelweni kusembulungeni yonke futhi kuye kwaba njalo iminyaka eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, bewazi ukuthi kubo bonke abantu basemlandweni ababalwe lapha, uyedwa kuphela kubo ongazange akholelwe ekudalelweni? Ubani lowo? Futhi umbono wakhe ngokudalelwa ungawuthonya kanjani owakho?
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a IEncyclopedia of Religion, Umqulu 5, ikhasi 290, ithi: “UKUDALELWA. Livela kwelesiLatini elithi fatum (okuthile okushiwo, isimemezelo esiyisiprofetho, isinqumo esikhishwa umlomo wesithixo, isinqumo saphezulu).”
b “IKismet ihluka ekuDalelweni kuphela ngokuthi kubhekiselwa kuyo ngokuthi iNtando enamandla ngokuphelele; konke ukunxusa komuntu ngokumelene nanoma yikuphi kuyize.”—IEncyclopædia of Religion and Ethics kaHastings, Umqulu V, ikhasi 774.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 4]
OBANI ABAKHOLELWA ENKOLELWENI YOKUDALELWA?
UMaskarīputra Gośāla UJesu Kristu
Indela engumNdiya, Umsunguli wobuKristu, wekhulu
yekhulu leminyaka leminyaka loku-1 C.E.
lesi-6/lesi-5 B.C.E.
UZeno waseCitium UJahm, indodana kaSafwān,
Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki, Umfundisi ongumMuslim, wekhulu
se-khulu leminyaka leminyaka lesi-8 C.E.
lesi-4/lesi-3 B.C.E.
UPublius Vergilius Maro UJohn Calvin
Imbongi engumRoma, yekhulu Isazi senkolo esingumFulentshi
leminyaka loku-1 B.C.E. nomgqugquzeli wenguquko, wekhulu
leminyaka le-16 C.E.