Ingabe Ukudalelwa Noma Yingozi Nje?
“UKUDALELWA kwabulala abaningi kwasindisa abanye,” kusho i-International Herald Tribune. Ngonyaka odlule, ukuhlasela kwamaphekula ezindlini zamanxusa aseMelika eKenya naseTanzania kwabulala abantu abangaba ngu-200 kwalimaza abangamakhulukhulu. Nokho, leli phephandaba laphawula ukuthi “isikhathi salesi senzakalo saba isibusiso emanxuseni amaningi aphakeme ale ndawo.”
La manxusa asinda ngoba ayesemhlanganweni engxenyeni yalesi sakhiwo eqhelile endaweni okwaqhuma kuyo ibhomu. Kodwa isikhulu esiphakeme okwakufanele siye emhlanganweni kodwa asangaya, sasiseduze kwendawo okwaqhuma kuyo ibhomu, futhi safa.
“Akunqunyelwa kusengaphambili u-Arlene Kirk kwaba nonya kakhulu,” kusho leli phephandaba. Lapho ebuyela eKenya ngemva kweholidi, u-Arlene wakhetha ukunikeza omunye umuntu isihlalo sakhe endizeni eyayinabagibeli ababengaphezu kwesibalo. Nokho, abanye abagibeli base bevume kuqala kunaye ukunikela ngezihlalo zabo, futhi lokho kwenza wakwazi ukugibela endizeni. Ngenxa yalokho, wabuyela emsebenzini ngosuku okwaqhuma ngalo ibhomu futhi wafa.
Abantu sebezijwayele izinhlekelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuchaza imbangela yenhlekelele akulula neze. Ngokuvamile, ezingozini nasezinhlekeleleni ezenzeka kuwo wonke umhlaba, abanye bayafa, abanye basinde. Nokho, akuzona izikhathi zenhlekelele kuphela ezenza abantu bazibuze ukuthi ‘Kungani kwenzeka kimi?’ Ngisho noma kuziwa ezintweni ezinhle ekuphileni, kubonakala sengathi abanye banamathuba angcono kunabanye. Nakuba ukuphila kwabaningi kuwumshikashika ongapheli, abanye kubonakala sengathi izinto zibahambela kahle. Ngakho, ungase ubuze, ‘Kungenzeka yini ukuthi konke lokhu kwanqunywa kusengaphambili? Ingabe ukudalelwa kulawula ukuphila kwami?’
Ukufuna Izimbangela
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-3 000 edlule, inkosi ehlakaniphile yaphawula ukuthi kwakwenzeka izinto ezingalindelekile. Yathi lezi zenzakalo zibangelwa yilesi sizathu: “Bonke bahlangabezana nesikhathi nethuba.” (UmShumayeli 9:11) Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka izinto ezingalindelekile. Ayikho indlela yokuzibikezela. Ngokuvamile, izenzakalo eziphawulekayo, ezinhle nezimbi, zenzeka kungalindelwe.
Nokho, kungenzeka unombono onjengowabanye abantu, okuthi esikhundleni sokubheka izinto njengezenzeka ngokungalindelekile, bathi zibangelwa ukusebenza kwamandla athile—ukudalelwa. Ukukholelwa ekudalelweni kungenye yezinkolelo zabantu ezingokwenkolo ezindala nezisakazeke kabanzi. UProfesa François Jouan, umqondisi weCenter for Mythological Research e-University of Paris, uthi: “Awukho umphakathi ongakaze ukholelwe kumbusi othile onquma okuyokwenzeka kusengaphambili . . . ukuze uchaze zonke izinto ezingachazeki ezenzeka ekuphileni kwethu.” Yingakho ngokuvamile sizwa abantu bethi: “Besingakafiki isikhathi sakhe,” noma bethi, “Kwakudaliwe.” Kodwa ingabe ukudalelwa?
Ukuchaza Ukuthi Kuyini Ukudalelwa
Igama lesiNgisi elihunyushwe ngokuthi “ukudalelwa [fate]” lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi fatum, elisho “isimemezelo sesiprofetho, ukubhula, isinqumo saphezulu.” Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kucatshangwa ukuthi amandla athile anquma ikusasa ngendlela engenakugwemeka nengachazeki, ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi la mandla awunkulunkulu.
Isazi-mlando senkolo uHelmer Ringgren siyachaza: “Isici esiyisisekelo ezinkolweni umbono wokuthi ikusasa lomuntu linenjongo futhi alizenzakaleli, kodwa linqunywa amandla okucatshangwa ukuthi anenjongo nenhloso.” Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zimo zingase zishintshwe ngezinga elithile, abaningi babheka abantu njengezisulu ezingenamandla emshikashikeni ongaphezu kwamandla abo. Kanjalo, ‘bahlangabezana nesikhathi sabo.’
Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi zenkolo nezefilosofi zizama ukuchaza ukudalelwa. I-Encyclopedia of Religion ithi: “Umbono wokudalelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlukahluka kangakanani, utholakala ngaluphi ulimi noma unayiphi incazelo, njalo uhlala uyimfihlakalo.” Nokho, isici esivamile kule mibono eminingi umbono wokuthi kunamandla aphakeme alawula izindaba zabantu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi la mandla anquma ukuphila kwabantu nezizwe kusengaphambili, enze ikusasa lingagwemeki, njengoba kunjalo nangesikhathi esidlule.
Isici Esinqumayo
Ingabe kunendaba ukuthi uyakholelwa yini ekudalelweni noma cha? Isazi sefilosofi saseNgilandi uBertrand Russell sabhala: “Izimo zokuphila kwabantu zineqhaza elikhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi ziyini izinkolelo zabo, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkolelo zabo zineqhaza elikhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi ziyini izimo zabo.”
Yebo, ukukholelwa ekudalelweni—ukuthi ikhona yini into enjalo noma cha—kunganquma indlela esiziphatha ngayo. Bekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyintando yonkulunkulu, abaningi bamukela isimo sabo ngaphandle kokukhononda—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibi noma sicindezela kangakanani—njengokungathi akukho okungashintsha. Ngakho, ukukholelwa ekudalelweni kululaza iqiniso lokuthi umuntu unomthwalo wemfanelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukholelwa ekudalelweni kuye kwashukumisela abanye ukuba benze okuphambene. Ngokwesibonelo, izazi-mlando zibonisa ukuthi isimiso sokuhweba ngokukhululekile nenguquko yezezimboni kwabangelwa izici eziningana. Phakathi kwazo kwakuyinkolelo yokunqunyelwa kusengaphambili. Ezinye izinkolo zobuProthestani zazifundisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayemisela abantu insindiso kusengaphambili. Isazi sokuhlalisana kwabantu saseJalimane, uMax Weber, sithi: “Kungenzeka esikhathini esithile wonke amakholwa ayeyozibuza umbuzo othi, Ingabe nami ngiphakathi kwabakhethiwe?” Abantu babefuna ukwazi ukuthi banaso yini isibusiso sikaNkulunkulu nokuthi babemiselwe yini ukusinda. UWeber waveza ukuthi lokhu babekwenza “ngokuphishekela izinto zezwe.” Ukuphumelela kwezebhizinisi nokuqongelela ingcebo kwakubhekwa njengezimpawu zomusa kaNkulunkulu.
Ukukholelwa ekudalelweni kushukumisela abanye ukuba benze izenzo ezeqisayo. Empini yezwe yesibili, abashayeli bezindiza baseJapane ababezibulala babekholelwa kuyi-kamikaze, noma “umoya waphezulu.” Umbono wokuthi onkulunkulu babenenjongo nokuthi umuntu wayengaba nengxenye ekuyifezeni kwanezela umbono ongokwenkolo ekufeni okuyisihluku. Eshumini leminyaka elidlule, abaqhumisi bamabhomu ababezibulala eMpumalanga Ephakathi baba ondabamlonyeni ngenxa yokuhlasela kwabo okusabekayo. I-encyclopedia ethile iphawula ukuthi umuzwa wokudalelwa unendima ebalulekile kulezi “zenzo zokuhlasela ezishukunyiswa inkolo.”
Kodwa kungani ukukholelwa ekudalelweni kwande kangaka? Ukuhlola imisuka yako kuyosinika impendulo.