Ama-Aztec Anamuhla Aba AmaKristu Eqiniso

“Amathempeli awa, aba uthuli nomlotha, izithombe zabhujiswa, nezincwadi ezingcwele zadliwa umlilo, kodwa onkulunkulu basendulo basaphila ezinhliziyweni zamaNdiya.” —I-Las antiguas culturas mexicanas (Amasiko Akudala AseMexico).

IMEXICO iyikhaya lama-Aztec, aqala eyisizwe esincane sezifiki ngekhulu le-13 leminyaka akhula aba umbuso olingana nowama-Incas asePeru. Nakuba umbuso wama-Aztec wawa ngesikhathi unqotshwa iSpain eTenochtitlán ngo-1521, ulimi lwama-Aztec, isiNahuatl lusakhulunywa.a Lukhulunywa abantu bomdabu abacishe babe isigidi nengxenye ezifundeni ezicela kwezingu-15 eMexico. Lokho kuye kwenza ukuba ezinye izinkolelo zasendulo zama-Aztec ziqhubeke zikhona kuze kube namuhla, njengoba kuphawule umcwaningi uWalter Krickeberg ngenhla. Zaziyini ezinye zalezo zinkolelo?

Amasiko Ayindida Kodwa Amukelekayo

Cishe umkhuba owaziwa kakhulu wama-Aztec yilo wokwenza imihlatshelo ngabantu. Lo mkhuba wawusekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi ilanga lizofa uma lingondliwa ngezinhliziyo nangegazi labantu. Umfundisi waseSpain uDiego Durán uphawula ukuthi ngo-1487 ngesikhathi kunikezelwa umbhoshongo omkhulu oyithempeli eTenochtitlán, kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kuka-80 000 ngezinsuku ezine ukuze kwenziwe imihlatshelo.

Nakuba abantu abaningi baseSpain babewenyanya lo mkhuba, bamangala lapho bethola ukuthi izinkolelo eziningi zama-Aztec ziyafana nezeSonto labo lamaKatolika. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-Aztec ayeba nesidlo lapho izithombe zonkulunkulu babo ezenziwe ngommbila zazidliwa khona. Ngezinye izikhathi inyama yabantu ababulewe yayidliwa. Ama-Aztec ayesebenzisa isiphambano, evuma izono obala ebhapathiza nezinsana. Mhlawumbe ukufana okukhulu kunakho konke kwakuwukukhulekelwa kukaTonantzin, “uMama WoNkulunkulu,” incasakazi ama-Aztec ayibiza ngokuthi Umama Wethu Omncane.

Kulona kanye igquma lapho ama-Aztec ayekhulekela khona uTonantzin, kuthiwa iNcasakazi YamaKatolika ensundu yaseGuadalupe yabonakala kumAztec oyindiya ngo-1531. Lokhu kwenza ama-Aztec afuna ukuguqukela ebuKatolikeni. Kwakhiwa ithempeli laleyo ncasakazi esisekelweni sethempeli likaTonantzin. Ngo-December 12, amakholwa aseMexico angamakhulu ezinkulungwane ahlale evakashela leli thempeli, iningi lawo likhuluma isiNahuatl.

Emphakathini wabo osezintabeni, laba bantu abakhuluma isiNahuatl baba nemikhosi eminingi yosanta, edonsa izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto. Incwadi ethi El universo de los aztecas (Indawo Yonke Yama-Aztec) ithi abantu bomdabu “bahlobanisa ukukhulekela kosanta kweSonto LamaKatolika nemikhosi eyayenziwa ngaphambi kukaCortés.” Abantu abakhuluma isiNahuatl bagxile kakhulu nasekusebenzelaneni nemimoya. Lapho begula, baya ezinyangeni ezelaphayo nezenza imihlatshelo ngezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi abayanga esikoleni ngakho abakwazi ukufunda iSpanishi noma isiNahuatl. Ngenxa yokuthi babambelele emasikweni nasolimini lwabo futhi badl’ imbuya ngothi, umphakathi uye wabakhipha inyumbazane.

Iqiniso LeBhayibheli Lifinyelela Kuma-Aztec Anamuhla

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi oFakazi BakaJehova eMexico bezama ukufinyelela bonke abantu ‘ngezindaba ezinhle zombuso.’ (Mathewu 24:14) Ngo-2000, ihhovisi legatsha laseMexico laqala umkhankaso wokushumayela kubantu abakhuluma isiNahuatl ngolimi lwabo nokuhlela amabandla akhuluma lolu limi alabo ababeya emihlanganweni yeSpanishi. Kwamiswa iqembu labahumushi ukuze kunyatheliswe izincwadi zeBhayibheli ngesiNahuatl. Kwenziwa nemizamo yokubafundisa ukufunda nokubhala ngolimi lwabo. Ube yini umphumela? Cabanga nganazi izibonelo.

Ngesikhathi owesifazane ongumsinsi wokuzimilela kuleli zwe ezwa inkulumo yeBhayibheli okokuqala ngesiNahuatl, wababaza: “Sekuyiminyaka eyishumi siba khona emihlanganweni futhi siphuma siphethwe amakhanda ngenxa yokungasizwa kahle iSpanishi. Kodwa manje ngathi siyaqala ukuzwa iqiniso!” UJuan, oneminyaka engu-60, ubelokhu efunda iBhayibheli futhi eya emihlanganweni yolimi lweSpanishi nomkhaya wakhe iminyaka engu-8 kodwa engathuthuki. Kodwa ube eseqala ukufunda iBhayibheli ngesiNahuatl. Ungakapheli nonyaka, waba uFakazi obhapathiziwe!

Njengoba lezi zibonelo zibonisa, ekuqaleni abaningi bafunda iBhayibheli ngeSpanishi, kodwa abazange baliqonde ngokugcwele. Ukuba nemihlangano emincane nemikhulu nezincwadi ngolimi lwabo, kuye kwabasiza ukuba bamukele amaqiniso eBhayibheli futhi baqonde ukuthi yini elindelekile kubo njengamaKristu.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo

Intuthuko engokomoya yabantu abakhuluma isiNahuatl ayizange ibe eshelelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kunengcindezi enkulu yokuhlanganyela emikhosini yenkolo. ESan Agustín Oapan, oFakazi BakaJehova bebengavunyelwe ukushumayela endlini ngendlu. Kwesatshwa ukuthi bazokwenza abantu bayeke ukusekela imikhosi ngezimali. Lapho uFlorencio neqembu elincane loFakazi bendawo beshumayela, abathathu kubo baboshwa. Kungakapheli nemizuzu engu-20, kwabuthana isixuku ukuze sinqume ukuthi kufanele benziweni.

UFlorencio uyakhumbula: “Babefuna ukuqeda nyá ngathi. Abanye babethi asiboshwe ngentambo bese siphonswa emfuleni sifele khona! Sachitha ubusuku bonke ejele. Ngakusasa, omunye uFakazi owayengummeli nabazalwane ababili bafika bezosisiza. Nabo bakhalelwa amasongo kasigonyela. Ekugcineni, izikhulu zasidedela kodwa zasibekela umbandela wokuthi kufanele siphume siphele kulelo dolobha.” Naphezu kokubhekana nesimo esinjalo, ngonyaka olandelayo kwamiswa ibandla elinoFakazi abangu-17 ababhapathiziwe futhi cishe kuba nabantu abangu-50 emihlanganweni.

Emphakathini wabakhuluma isiNahuatl oseCoapala, u-Alberto, ongomunye woFakazi BakaJehova wamenywa ukuba azohlanganyela emkhosini othile wendawo. Wenqaba wabe eseboshwa. Kwabizwa umhlangano womphakathi, abanye ababelapho bamemeza bathi akaphanyekwe ukuze kube yisifundo kunoma obani ofisa ukungena enkolweni yakhe abese eyeka amasiko endawo. Abanye oFakazi bazama ukucela ukuba akhululwe, kodwa nabo baboshwa. Ngemva kokuphela komkhosi owathatha isonto lonke, bonke badedelwa. Njengoba ukuphikiswa kwakuthe bhé, kwadingeka ukuba bacele usizo lweziphathimandla ezakhipha umyalo owaqeda lokho kushushiswa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kungakabiphi ubhongoza woshushiso wamukela iqiniso leBhayibheli futhi wabhapathizwa. Namuhla kunebandla kuleyo ndawo.

Alungele Ukuvunwa

Intuthuko ekhona ensimini yabantu abakhuluma isiNahuatl, ibangele ukuba oFakazi abaningi balufunde lolu limi. Nokho, akulula. Abantu abakhuluma isiNahuatl banamahloni kakhulu futhi bayanqikaza ukukhuluma ulimi lwabo ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi abaye babhekana nakho. Kanti lolu limi luyehluka kuye ngezindawo.

USonia, isikhonzi sesikhathi esigcwele, uchaza ukuthi yini eyamshukumisela ukuba afunde isiNahuatl. Uthi: “Ebangeni elingamahora amabili usuka ekhaya, kunezisebenzi ezisuka kwamanye amazwe ezikhuluma isiNahuatl ezingase zibe ngu-6 000 ezihlala enkompolo ebiyelwe. Laba bantu bayizisulu futhi badelelekile. Isimo sabo sasingidabukisa kwazise abantu bakhuluma isiNahuatl babeke baziqhenya ngesiko labo, futhi beyizimpande zesiko lethu. Sekuyiminyaka engu-20 sishumayela kubo ngeSpanishi, kodwa bengasiqondi ngokugcwele futhi bengenaso isithakazelo. Nokho, kwathi lapho ngifunda ukubiza amagama ambalwa ngolimi lwabo avuleka amathuba okukhuluma nabo. Bangingunga ukuze balalele. Ngacela ukufundisa owesifazane ukufunda nokubhala uma ayezongifundisa isiNahuatl. Manje inkompolo yonke isingazi ‘njengowesifazane okhuluma isiNahuatl.’ Ngizizwa ngiyisithunywa sevangeli ezweni lakithi.” Sikhuluma nje kunebandla lesiNahuatl kule ndawo.

UMaricela, esinye isikhonzi sesikhathi esigcwele, wenza konke angakwenza ukuze afunde isiNahuatl. Ekuqaleni, wayeqhuba isifundo seBhayibheli ngeSpanishi noFélix oneminyaka engu-70. Njengoba ayefunda okwengeziwe ngesiNahuatl, uMaricela waqala ukumchazela izinto ngolimi lwakhe. Lokhu kwaba nethonya elihle. Yeka indlela athinteka ngayo lapho uFélix embuza, “Ingabe uNkulunkulu uyangilalela lapho ngikhuluma naye ngesiNahuatl?” UFélix wajabula ukuzwa ukuthi uJehova uzazi zonke izilimi. UFélix uba khona njalo emihlanganweni yize kufanele ahambe ihora nesigamu, futhi manje usebhapathiziwe. UMaricela uthi: “Ngijabula kakhulu ukusebenzelana nengelosi ememezela izindaba ezinhle kubantu bonke!”—IsAmbulo 14:6, 7.

Yiqiniso, insimu yesiNahuatl ‘imhlophe ilungele ukuvunwa.’ (Johane 4:35) Sithandazela ukuba uJehova uNkulunkulu aqhubeke emema abantu bazo zonke izizwe, kuhlanganise nama-Aztec anamuhla anezimfanelo ezinhle, ukuba bakhuphukele entabeni kaJehova ukuze bafundiswe izindlela zakhe.—Isaya 2:2, 3.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibalazwe ekhasini 13]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

IDOLOBHA LASEMEXICO

ISIBALO SAMA-AZTEC ESIFUNDENI NGASINYE

150 000

NGAPHANSI KUKA-1 000