Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ibhizinisi Lobugebengu Elichuma Ngokushesha

UPino Arlacchi, umqondisi-jikelele we-United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention, uthi ukushushumbiswa kwabantu “kuyimakethe yobugebengu echuma ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni.” NgokukaMnu. Arlacchi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kushushumbiswa abantu abayizigidi ezingu-200. Nakuba kwathunyelwa abantu abayizigidi ezingu-11,5 emazweni angaphandle kwe-Afrika eminyakeni engu-400 yobugqila, kuye kwathunyelwa abesifazane nezingane abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zeNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia nakwamanye amazwe eshumini leminyaka elidlule kuphela. Abaningi baye basetshenziswa njengezigqila noma basetshenziselwa izinjongo zobulili. UMnu. Arlacchi usikisela ukuthi ohulumeni abangasenayo imithetho emelene nobugqila kumelwe bayimise futhi.

Ukuhlushwa Nokuphathwa Ngonya EYurophu

Umbiko wezindaba we-Amnesty International uthi “ukufa phakathi nokudingiswa okuphoqelelwe, ukuhlushwa ejele, ukuphathwa kabi ngamaphoyisa nokucindezelwa ngenxa yohlanga nenkolo” kuphakathi kwezenzo zokuxhashazwa kwamalungelo abantu ezenziwa eYurophu. Lo mbiko uthi: “Nakuba abantu abaningi eYurophu bejabulela amalungelo ayisisekelo, abanye abantu, kuhlanganise abafuna isikhoselo namaqembu ezizwe nezinkolo ezincane, basahlangabezana nesici seYurophu esiphikisana nedumela layo njengenqaba yamalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Akukho okubonisa lokhu ukwedlula ukusakazeka nokuvama kokubikwa kwezenzo zonya zamaphoyisa. Kusuka e-United Kingdom kuya e-Azerbaijan, abantu baye baphathwa . . . amaphoyisa ngonya, ngendlela engacabangeli noma elulazayo.” Le nhlangano ithi labo abanecala abavamile ukuquliswa. Icaphuna isibonelo esilandelayo: “Ngo-July [1999], iNkantolo Ephakeme Yamalungelo Abantu yathola iFrance inecala lokwephula izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezimayelana nokuhlushwa nokuqulwa kwamacala ngokungenzeleli” endabeni yesihambi esasiboshwe amaphoyisa. “Ekupheleni konyaka amaphoyisa ayemangalelwe ayengakaxoshwa,” kunezela lo mbiko.

Abantu Abadala Bafanelwe Inhlonipho

Ucwaningo olwathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha lwabonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa inkulumo yezingane emakhaya okunakekela asebekhulile. Kodwa ukukhuluma nabantu abadala ngaleyo ndlela akubenzi nje baphelelwe isithunzi kuphela kodwa futhi kuyingozi enhlala-kahleni yabo, kubika ipheshana lempilo laseJalimane i-Apotheken Umschau. Kubikwa ukuthi ukuntula inhlonipho okunjalo kunethonya elibi empilweni. UChristine Sowinski we-German Association of Elderly Care uthi: “Uma abantu abadala bengahlonishwa, bayashesha ukuxhwala nengqondo ibe buthuntu.” Utusa ukuba amagama ajivazayo nawobuntwana angabe esasetshenziswa emakhaya okunakekela asebekhulile, “ngoba isimo sengqondo siyoshintshwa ulimi.”

Abantu Benkolo Baphila Isikhathi Eside?

“Ukuhlanganyela njalo ezinkonzweni zenkolo kuyahambisana nempilo engcono nokuphila isikhathi eside, ngokokuhlaziywa kwezibalo zocwaningo olumayelana nale ndaba olwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-42 kusukela ngo-1977,” kusho i-Science News. “Ososayensi bathi izibalo zabonisa ukuthi ukuhileleka kwezenkolo, ikakhulukazi ezinkonzweni ezenziwa emphakathini, kuhlobene ngokuphawulekayo namathuba okuphila isikhathi eside.” Kuye kwabekwa izizathu eziningana ezibangela lokhu—ukugwema imikhuba eyingozi, imishado ezinzile, ukuncipha kokucindezeleka okubangelwa izindaba esingenakuzilawula ngokuqondile, ubudlelwano nabantu nokuba nemizwelo nesimo sengqondo esihle. Omunye umbiko uphetha kanje: “Ukuya njalo ezinkonzweni zenkolo kuye kwatholakala ukuthi . . . kuhambisana nokuncipha kwengozi yokufa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane. Abantu abaya njalo ezinkonzweni zenkolo . . . babika ukuthi banobudlelwano obungcono nabanye ababasekelayo, abacindezeleki kakhulu futhi banempilo engcono.”

Inani Labantu BaseNdiya Selidlula Izigidi Eziyinkulungwane

Ngo-May 11, 2000, kwathiwa umphakathi waseNdiya usufinyelele inani eliyizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Nokho, i-Associated Press yachaza: “Ukunquma ukuthi elaseNdiya lilifinyelele nini inani eliyizigidi eziyinkulungwane kunzima ezweni okuzalwa kulo izingane ezingu-42 000 nsuku zonke futhi amarekhodi ezempilo eyindlala.” Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu, iyanda indlala nokungafundi, naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu eyenziwe ekukhiqizweni kokudla nakwezemfundo. Nakuba izigidi zabantu zidla imbuya ngothi, ingane ezalwayo ibhekwa njengomuntu oyongenisa imali, oyokwazi ukusebenza asize umkhaya uhlangabezane nezidingo zawo.

Ukuthiywa Yilabo Ayefuna Ukubasiza

I-New York Times iyabika: “Itilosi laseCalifornia elathatha uhambo lilodwa lanqamula iPacific lihlosé ukusindisa imikhomo layiyeka phansi le mizamo . . . ngemva kokuhlangana nemikhomo emibili.” Leli tilosi, uMichael Reppy, lasuka eSan Francisco lalibangisa eYokohama, eJapane. Lalifuna ukuqopha umlando ngesikhathi elalizosihamba ngesikebhe salo esingamamitha angu-18, i-Thursday’s Child, “ukuze lenze lwaziwe kabanzi usizi lwemikhomo evalelekile.” Kodwa ngosuku nje lokuqala, imikhomo emibili “yashaya” isikebhe kwaba nzima ukusiqondisa. “Wathola ukuthi iphini langaphansi alisekho, mhlawumbe lahlephuka lapho kudlula omunye wemikhomo,” kusho i-Times. Imizamo yakhe yangaphambili ngo-1997 “yokuqaphelisa abantu ngosizi lwezilwane zasolwandle” yaphela lapho isikebhe sakhe sigingqika ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-500 ukusuka eTokyo.

I-DDT Igcinelwa Ukulwa Nomalaleveva

Umagazini i-BBC Wildlife ubika ukuthi: “I-DDT, isibulala-zinambuzane osekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-30 sivaliwe eYurophu nase-United States, kungenzeka sisinde ekuvinjelweni emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuphumelela kwaso ekuqedeni omiyane ababangela omunye wababulali abakhulu emhlabeni—umalaleveva. Nakuba i-DDT iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu okuye kwatholakala ukuthi inomphumela omubi ezilwaneni zasendle, abakhankasela impilo bathi isengesinye sezikhali ezibaluleké kakhulu ezilwa nomalaleveva, isifo esibulala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,7 ngonyaka futhi sishiye abayizigidi ezingu-500 begulela ukufa.” Nakuba ikusekela ukuvalwa kwe-DDT ngezinjongo zezolimo, i-World Health Organization ithi kufanele isetshenziselwe ukulawula umalaleveva kuze kutholakale enye indlela ephephile nephumelelayo.

Izimfudu Zasolwandle Zibuyile!

Kulo nyaka izazi zokongiwa kwemvelo zakhuthazwa ukuba ziyobona indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuzalela izimfudu zasolwandle ama-Olive Ridley ogwini olusempumalanga yeNdiya kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980. Ngokukamagazini wezemvelo i-Down to Earth, lokhu kwakumangaza ngenxa yomonakalo owadalwa yisivunguvungu ngo-1999 ogwini lwesifundazwe sase-Orissa. Lolu gu luyindawo yokuzalela enkulu kunazo zonke yalezi zilwane ezisengozini. Phakathi kuka-March 13 no-20, kwaphuma izimfudu ezingaphezu kuka-1 230 000 olwandle, futhi ezingu-711 000 zabekela amaqanda, ngisho noma ezingu-28 000 zabulawa izikebhe zokudoba eduze nogu. Zihlukahlukene izinto ezisongela izimfudu—izingulube zehlathi namankentshane adla amaqanda, abazingela ngokungemthetho abadayisa inyama yezimfudu kulabo abayibheka njengesibiliboco, nezikebhe zokudoba ezingenayo “into evimbela ukudoba izimfudu” emanethini azo.

Ukukhishwa Kwemisebe EChernobyl

Inhlekelele yenuzi yaseChernobyl yango-1986 “iyobangela umdlavuza wegilo entsheni engu-50 000 ehlala ezindaweni ezathinteka kakhulu,” kusho i-Guardian yaseLondon. Umbiko we-World Health Organization uthi bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 abantu abaye bathinteka kuze kube manje futhi ngeke laziwe inani elithe ngqó. Izingane eziyizigidi ezintathu zidinga ukwelashwa, futhi eziningi ziyofa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. E-Ukraine abantu abangu-73 000 kuthiwa bakhubazekile. Abangamaphesenti angu-23 balabo abahlanganyela ekuhlanzeni bagogeka, futhi ingxenye yesihlanu yehlathi laseBelarus yonakele. Esanduleleni sombiko, uNobhala-jikelele we-UN uKofi Annan wathi: “Besingathanda ukukusula ezingqondweni zethu okwenzeka eChernobyl,” kodwa “abantu esiphila nabo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 ngeke bakwazi ukukukhohlwa. Basahlupheka nsuku zonke ngenxa yalokho okwenzeka.”

Isonto Lokwenziwa Kuyi-computer

Isifunda sombhishobhi omkhulu wamaKatolika eWinnipeg, eManitoba, eCanada sihlela “ukuqala uhlelo lwe-computer oluzonikeza abalandeli besonto ithuba lokuzibonakalisa, bavume izono futhi bafune iseluleko somfundisi kuyi-computer,” kubika i-Calgary Herald. URichard Osicki, umqondisi wezokuxhumana walesi sifunda sombhishobhi omkhulu, uthemba ukuthi lolu hlelo luzogqugquzela amaKristu amaningi okuzisholo, amaphesenti angu-75 awo angayi esontweni, ukuba abuyele ezinkonzweni zenkolo. Uthi: “Sivula isonto ngaphandle kwendlu yesonto. Sithi ungaxhumana noNkulunkulu ube uhlezi phambi kwe-computer yakho.”