Umlilo! Yisiphi Isicisha-mlilo Okufanele Usisebenzise?

YEKA ukuthi kukangaki sidlula phambi kwaleli bhokisi elincane elisodongeni singalishayi mkhuba! Kodwa, ngelinye ilanga lingase lisindise ihhovisi noma ifektri noma ngisho nomuzi wethu ukuba ungashi ungqongqe. Izicisha-mlilo eziphathekayo zingasiza ekuvimbeleni inkinga encane—ipani eligqamuka amalangabi esitofwini noma amakhethini athungelwe umlilo—ukuba ungabhebhetheki. Njengezikhali ezilungele impi, ziklanyelwe ukubhubhisa isitha esinonya ngaphambi kokuba sibe namandla.

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitha sivela ngezindlela eziningi—singaba umlilo wezingodo, uwoyela negesi, imililo ebangwa yizintambo zikagesi—izicisha-mlilo eziphathekayo nazo zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokuvamile, ungathanda ukwazi isitha sakho nezikhali ohlome ngazo. Lokhu akusho ukuba nolwazi njengomcishi-mlilo oqeqeshiwe, kodwa kusho ukwazi izimiso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuyokwenzenjani ngaphansi kwesimo esilandelayo?

Umpheki wayefudumeza uhlaka olunezitsha ezintsha zokubhaka ezingu-20 zinamafutha kuhhavini, elungiselela ukubhaka isinkwa. Kodwa, i-thermostat yayinenkinga, ngakho izinga lokushisa lenyuka, laqala ukushisa amafutha. Lo mpheki, egqoke amagilavu, ngokushesha wavula uhhavini wadonsa lolu hlaka lwezitsha zokubhaka. Kodwa lapho enza kanjalo, wakhiphela amafutha ashunqayo emoyeni omningi. Gqamu ilangabi! Amalangabi anamandla ashona phezulu. Engalimele, lo mpheki waphuma egijima futhi ngokushesha wabuya esephethe isicisha-mlilo sesikhutha wacisha umlilo ngokushesha. Kodwa ngokushesha kwaba nomusi, amafutha aqala ukuvutha futhi. Lokhu kwenzeka izikhathi ezine! Enovalo lokuthi isicisha-mlilo sasizophela ngokushesha, umpheki wadonsa ingubo yokucisha umlilo (fire blanket) endaweni yayo, wamboza uhlaka olunezitsha zokubhaka. Wajabula lapho umlilo ucisha—futhi uphela nya.

Ngokuvamile, sifuna ukusebenzisa izikhali ezingcono ezikhona ukuze sicishe umlilo omncane kodwa owusongo. Kodwa ukube lo mpheki wayazi ukuthi izinto ezisemoyeni zivutha kalula—okungenzeka noma nini uma kunomusi—ngabe wamane wacima uhhavini, wavala iminyango, futhi wayeka okungaphakathi ukuba kuphole. Noma ngabe wasebenzisa ingubo yokucisha umlilo kuqala wayeselandela ngesicisha-mlilo sesikhutha uma kudingeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, le ndaba ibonisa ukubaluleka kolwazi oluyisisekelo ngomlilo nendlela engcono kakhulu yokuwucisha.

“Unxantathu” Obangela Umlilo

Lokho okuthiwa unxantathu obangela umlilo yinqubo evamile ebangela izimo ezidala umlilo: okokuthungela kanye nomoya-mpilo kanye nokushisa kubangela umlilo. Uma ususa isithako nje esisodwa, awucishi nje umlilo kuphela kodwa futhi uvimbela ukuqubuka kwelinye ilangabi. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani.

OKOKUTHUNGELA: Njengathi, umlilo uyafa ngaphandle kokudla. Abacishi-mlilo basebenzisa lesi simiso emililweni yequbula lapho bevula isikhawu esishisiwe endleleni yelangabi elikhulu. Ekhishini, ukususa okokuthungela kungase kusho nje ukuvala igesi. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, ukususa izinto ezithungela umlilo kungase kube nzima noma kungenzeki nhlobo.

UMOYA-MPILO: Nalapha futhi, njengathi, umlilo kumelwe uphefumule. Uma uwuthela ngenhlabathi noma uwumboza ngengubo yokucisha umlilo, uyacisha. Izinga lomoya-mpilo akudingeki lehle kakhulu ukuze umlilo ucishe. Uma unciphisa izinga lomoya-mpilo kusuka kumaphesenti angu-21 emoyeni osizungezile liye kumaphesenti angu-15, izinto eziningi—ngokwesibonelo, uketshezi oluvuthayo nezinye izinto eziqinile—ngeke zisasha.

UKUSHISA: Umthombo wokushisa okubanga umlilo kungase kube i-heater, isitofu, izintambo zikagesi ezithwele kanzima, inhlansi noma ilahle, umbani, noma ukushisa okubangelwa uhlaza oluvundile, amakhemikhali ahwamukayo noma nezinye izinto eziningi. Khumbula, uma ubona umusi, ikakhulukazi obangelwa amafutha noma uwoyela wokupheka endaweni enomlilo, kungase kugqamuke ilangabi ngokuzumayo.

Ziklanyelwe Yonke Imililo Emincane

Nakuba imizi eminingi ingenazo izicisha-mlilo, ngokuvamile amafektri, amahhovisi nezakhiwo zomphakathi ziboshwa umthetho ukuba zibe nazo. Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zisebenzisa amanzi, amakhemikhali, igwebu, impuphu nesikhutha. Izicisha-mlilo ze-halon seziyaqedwa ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi zibhubhisa ungqimba lwe-ozone emkhathini. Ukuze kusizwe abantu bakhethe isicisha-mlilo esifanele lapho kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo, izinhlobo eziningi zinezimpawu zesithombe ezibonisa ukuthi kukuphi lapho zingase zisetshenziswe khona nalapho zingenakusetshenziswa khona, noma zihlukaniswa ngemibala. Futhi eziningi zinohlamvu, olunjengo-A, B, noma C, olubonisa izinhlobo zomlilo ezihlukene isicisha-mlilo esingasetshenziselwa zona. Umfutho, oyigesi egxishiwe, ukhipha isithako esingaphakathi ngembobo ngamandla amakhulu lapho kucindezelwa isibambo. Ngenxa yokuthi izicisha-mlilo zinegesi egxishiwe, kufanele zihlolwe njalo. Futhi izicisha-mlilo kufanele zibekwe eduze kweminyango futhi kube lula ukuzifinyelela. Manje ake sihlole uhlobo ngalunye lwesicisha-mlilo.

Izicisha-mlilo ezinempuphu zivala ilangabi ngamakhemikhali futhi cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Akukhona nje ukuthi impuphu yazo inamandla okucisha imililo yesigaba A no-B kuphela kodwa futhi iwusizo ekulweni nemililo yesigaba C (ebangelwa yizinto zikagesi). Kuyaqondakala ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesicisha-mlilo esisetshenziselwa imililo ehlukahlukene luyisivikelo esifanele umuzi wakho. Impuphu eyomile ivame ukungcolisa—kodwa ukungcola akulutho uma uqhathanisa!

Izicisha-mlilo ezinamanzi anomfutho zilungele imililo yamaphepha, ukhuni, izinto zepulasitiki, imfucumfucu noma izindwangu. Ngokuvamile lena kuthiwa imililo yesigaba A. Amandla amanzi okucisha umlilo abangelwa yikhono lawo elikhulu lokudambisa ukushisa. Uma etholakala ngobuningi, amanzi adambisa ukushisa ngokushesha kunamandla omlilo, kanjalo umlilo ucishe. Kodwa ungawasebenzisi amanzi ezintweni eziwuketshezi oluvuthayo. Kuyomane kusakaze umlilo—ngokushesha okukhulu! Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi amanzi adlulisa amandla kagesi, ungawasebenzisi wona noma isicisha-mlilo esinawo endaweni enezintambo ezinamandla kagesi.

Izicisha-mlilo ezinamakhemikhali zisebenzisa ingxube enomfutho yezithako zikasawoti ezixutshwe namanzi futhi ziphumelela kakhulu ekucisheni amafutha nowoyela wokupheka kodwa hhayi imikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ziyaphumelela futhi nasemililweni yesigaba A.

Izicisha-mlilo ezinegwebu azisebenzi kahle emililweni yesigaba A kuphela kodwa ikakhulukazi emililweni yoketshezi oluvuthayo (amafutha asezimbonini nopende), ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi imililo yesigaba B. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezicisha-mlilo ezinegwebu, ngakho ubheke ukuthi yisiphi esifanelana nezidingo zakho. Uma lithelwa oketshezini oluvuthayo, igwebu limboza uketshezi ngenjimbilili evala isisi esivuthayo kanye nomoya-mpilo. Ngakho, igwebu kufanele lithelwe kahle ukuze lingaziki oketshezini, kodwa lumboze phezulu. Uqaphele ungasebenzisi igwebu endaweni ephambi kukagesi.

Izicisha-mlilo ezinesikhutha zingasetshenziselwa cishe yonke imililo ngaphandle kwemililo yegesi. Zisebenza ngesimiso sokuthi isikhutha sixosha umoya-mpilo. Kodwa njengoba sibonile ekuqaleni, uma into evuthayo isashisa, kusengagqamuka ilangabi. Isikhutha siyigesi, ngakho indawo evulekile nenomoya inciphisa amandla aso. Nokho, ukuhlanzeka kwaso kusenza sibe yisicisha-mlilo esiyintandokazi ezintweni eziyimishini entekenteke. Kodwa endaweni evalekile, isikhutha siqeda umoya, ngakho uma usisebenzisa esimweni esinjalo, qiniseka ukuthi uyaphuma ngemva kokucisha komlilo bese uvala isicabha.

Ingubo yokucisha umlilo (fire blanket)a iyisicisha-mlilo esiwusizo futhi silungele imililo emincane njengemililo equbuka phezu kwesitofu ekhishini noma kukhaphethi. Mane ukhiphe ingubo endaweni yayo, uyivule uyibambe ngaphambi kwakho ukuze uzivikele elangabini, bese umboza umlilo. Uma kungenzeka, cima umthombo wokushisa ngokushesha, uma ungakakwenzi kakade.

Izingubo zokucisha umlilo zisindisa ukuphila nalapho izingubo zakho zibamba umlilo. Uma kunjalo, khumbula lo mthetho obalulekile: “Yima, ulale phansi bese uyazigingqa.” Ungalokothi ugijime; uyomane ubhebhethekise amalangabi. Uma wena noma othile ekwazi ukukusonga ngengubo yokucisha umlilo njengoba ugingqika, niyowucisha ngokushesha nakakhulu umlilo.

Okungcono Kunezicisha-mlilo

Kodwa-ke, isivikelo esingcono kakhulu somlilo ukuwuvimbela; ngakho sebenzisa ukuhluzeka kwengqondo. Susa umentshisi phambi kwabantwana. Susa zonke izinto eziseduze kwesitofu ezingase zibambe umlilo. Ungapheki ugqoke izingubo ezinemikhono elengayo engase ibambe umlilo. Faka izinhlaba-mkhosi zomlilo emzini wakho.

Nanka amanye amacebiso. Ungafaki izinto eziningi ezingosini zikagesi noma ezintanjeni zawo. Ungawashiyi amafutha noma uwoyela esitofwini esishisayo kungenamuntu ogadile. Qaphela ukuthi uwabekaphi ama-heater. Uma unamabhodlela egesi eduze kwendlu, ama-valve—ayingozi enkulu ebangela umlilo—mawafulathele indlu. Sebenzisa ama-fuse kagesi afanele. Shintsha izintambo zikagesi ezonakele.

Ingabe usukucabangele ukuprakthizela umlilo ekhaya? Lokhu kungasindisa ukuphila ngempela. Hlela ukuba umkhaya uhlangane endaweni ethile—noma iyiphi indawo ephephile esobala okulula ukuyithola emini noma ebusuku. Futhi yaba imisebenzi: Ubani oyosiza izinsana noma abakhubazekile ukuba baphume? Ubani oyobiza abacishi-mlilo? Yebo, ukuprakthizela umlilo kusindisa ukuphila ngoba kugxilisa indlela efanele yokusabela, ukuze kuzenzakalele futhi kusheshe.

Uma Kwenzeka Inhlekelele

Khumbula, ungayithola enye impahla kodwa akunjalo ngokuphila. Ungafaki ukuphila kwakho engozini ukuze ucishe umlilo. Nokho, uma kuphephile ukuba ucishe umlilo, yenza kanjalo usendaweni ezokuvumela ukuba uphume. Kodwa uma ungabaza ukuthi isicisha-mlilo onaso sifanele yini noma unovalo lokuthi umlilo mkhulu kakhulu, phuma ngokushesha ubize abacishi-mlilo.

Phawula futhi ukuthi umusi, ikakhulukazi umusi onobuthi wezinto zokwenziwa, ubulala abantu abaningi kunamalangabi—ungabulala umuntu ngaphansi kwemizuzu emibili! Ngakho lapho uphuma esakhiweni esivuthayo, goba. Mncane umusi okhasa phansi, futhi umoya upholile. Uma kungenzeka, vala umlomo ngendwangu emanzi. Ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango, uthinte ngenhlanekela yesandla. Uma ushisa, kusho ukuthi kunomlilo ngalé kwawo; funa enye indlela yokuphuma. Futhi vala yonke iminyango ngemva kwakho lapho uphuma. Lokhu kunciphisa umoya-mpilo otholwa umlilo. Amakheshi wona akufanele neze athintwe uma kunomlilo—angase akuvalele futhi aphenduke uhhavini!

Ngakho uma uhlela ukuthenga isicisha-mlilo somuzi wakho, semoto noma sebhizinisi, kungase kube kuhle ukudingida le ndaba nabacishi-mlilo bendawo yakini. Imininingwane ingase ihluke ngokwamazwe ngakho ayihilelekile kulesi sihloko.

Noma kunjalo, ngokuzayo lapho ubona lawo mabhokisi amancane asodongeni, ziphe ithuba lokuwajwayela. Angase akusindise ngolunye usuku.

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Umdwebo/Izithombe ekhasini 25]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

UMLILO

okokuthungela

ukushisa

umoya-mpilo

[Isithombe]

ISIGABA A

ISIGABA B

[Umthombo]

Chubb Fire Safety

[Umdwebo ekhasini 26]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

Uma izingubo zakho zibamba umlilo, ungagijimi

1. YIMA

2. LALA PHANSI

3. ZIGINGQE

[Umthombo]

© Coastal Training Technologies Corp. Reproduced by Permission

[Isithombe ekhasini 24]

Kunezicisha-mlilo eziningi ezingase zisetshenziswe endlini

[Umthombo]

Above illustration: Reprinted with permission from NFPA 10 - 1998, Portable Fire Extinguishers, Copyright © 1998, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.