Nukae Nye Masoret Ŋɔŋlɔ La?

EÐANYE gbe ka mee nèxlẽa Biblia le o anɔ eme be woɖe agbalẽa ƒe akpa aɖe gɔme tso Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔ si nye Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo alo “Nubabla Xoxoa” me tẽ alo le mɔ bubu aɖe nu. Le nyateƒe me la, menye Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔ ɖeka koe nɔ anyi o. Eyata wo dometɔ kae wotia, eye nukatae? Azɔ nukae nye Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔ la, eye aleke míewɔ nya be kakaɖedzi le eŋu?

Yehowa ƒe Nya La

Biblia ŋɔŋlɔ dze egɔme le Sinai-toa gbɔ le ƒe 1513 D.M.Ŋ me. Mose II, 24:3, 4 gblɔ na mí be: “Mose yi ɖagblɔ Yehowa ƒe nyawo katã kple ɖoɖoawo katã na dukɔ la. Tete dukɔ la katã ɖo ŋu yoo gblɔ bena: Nya, siwo katã Yehowa gblɔ la, míawɔe! Eye Mose ŋlɔ Yehowa ƒe nyawo katã.”

Woyi Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋɔŋlɔ dzi ƒe akpe ɖeka kple vɔ, tso ƒe 1513 D.M.Ŋ. me vaseɖe ƒe 443 D.M.Ŋ. me lɔƒo. Esi wònye Mawu ƒe gbɔgbɔe ʋã eŋlɔlawo ta la, esɔ be wòakpɔ egbɔ be woakpɔ eƒe gbedasia ta anukwaretɔe dedie. (Samuel II, 23:2; Yesaya 40:8) Gake ɖe esia fia be Yehowa aɖe amegbetɔwo ƒe vodadawo katã ɖa le eme ale be womatrɔ ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ɖeka pɛ hã le egbugbɔgaŋlɔ me oa?

Vodadawo Kpɔ Mɔnu Ge Ðe Eme

Togbɔ be amesiwo dea bubu deto Mawu ƒe Nya la ŋue gbugbɔ ŋlɔe tso dzidzime yi dzidzime hã la, amegbetɔwo ƒe vodada aɖewo tra ɖe esiwo wotsɔ asi ŋlɔe me kokoko. Gbɔgbɔ lae ʋã Biblia-ŋlɔlawo, gake menye Mawu ƒe gbɔgbɔ ƒe ameʋaʋã tee egbugbɔgaŋlɔlawo ya wɔ woƒe dɔ le o.

Esi Yudatɔwo gbɔ tso aboyo me le Babilon le ƒe 537 D.M.Ŋ. me la, wodze nuŋɔŋlɔ yeye si me wozãa ŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo le dzogoe ene me, si wosrɔ̃ le Babilon la zazã gɔme. Tɔtrɔ gã sia he kuxi si le nuŋɔŋlɔmɔnu sia me vɛ, si nye be woate ŋu ayɔ ŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo ɖi wo nɔewo la ɖe nɔvia teƒe vodadatɔe. Esi wònye xaxagbeɖiɖiwoe (consonants) wotsɔ ŋlɔ Hebrigbee, eye exlẽla la tsɔa ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo (vowels) kpenɛ le alesi wòse nya siwo ƒo xlãe gɔme nu ta la, xaxagbeɖiɖi ɖeka tɔtrɔ ate ŋu atrɔ nya aɖe ƒe gɔmesese bɔbɔe. Gake zi geɖe la, wokpɔa vodada mawo eye woɖɔa wo ɖo.

Yudatɔ akpa gãtɔ megbɔ va Israel le Babilon ƒe anyidzedze megbe o. Eyata ƒuƒoƒewo va zu gbɔgbɔ me tadeaguƒe na Yudatɔwo le Titina Ɣedzeƒe kple Europa katã.a Ehiã be woada Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽxatsaxatsa aɖewo ɖe ƒuƒoƒe ɖesiaɖe. Alesi agbalẽawo gbugbɔgaŋlɔ nɔ agbɔ sɔmee la, nenemae egbugbɔgaŋlɔlawo hã ƒe vodadawo nɔ dzidzim ɖe edzii.

Agbagbadzedze be Woaɖe Vodadawo Ða

Tso ƒe alafa gbãtɔ M.Ŋ. me la, agbalẽŋlɔla siwo le Yerusalem dze agbagba be yewoaɖo ŋɔŋlɔ ɖeka koŋ ɖi si woazã atsɔ aɖɔ Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽxatsaxatsa bubuwo ɖoe. Gake womete ŋu kpɔ mɔnu aɖeke si koŋ dzi woato ade vovototo ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔwo kple asinuŋɔŋlɔ siwo me egbugbɔgaŋlɔlawo ƒe vodadawo le dome o. Tso ƒe alafa evelia M.Ŋ. dzi la, edze abe ɖe woda asi ɖe alesi woŋlɔa Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawoe kple xaxagbeɖiɖiwo dzi ene, togbɔ be womeɖo kpe edzi bliboe haɖe o hã. Zi geɖe la, vovototo nɔa afisi Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo me nyayɔyɔ siwo dze le Talmud (si woŋlɔ le ƒe alafa evelia kple adelia M.Ŋ. domee) la tsona, kple esi wova yɔ emegbe be Mosoret-ŋɔŋlɔa dome.

Nyagbɔgblɔ si nye “blemakɔnyinyi” le Hebrigbe mee nye ma·soh·rahʹ alo ma·soʹreth. Wova yɔ amesiwo lé nuwɔna si nye be woakpɔ Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo gbugbɔgaŋlɔ ta be woaŋlɔe pɛpɛpɛ le ƒe alafa adelia M.Ŋ. me be Masoreteawo. Woyɔ esiwo wogbugbɔ ŋlɔ la be Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔawo. Nukae ɖe dzesi le woƒe dɔwɔna kple woƒe ŋɔŋlɔwo ŋu?

Hebri megava nye gbe si wodona le dukɔa me godoo o, eye Yudatɔ geɖe megate ŋu donɛ tututu o. Esia ta Biblia ƒe ŋɔŋlɔ siwo woŋlɔ kple xaxagbeɖiɖiwo la gɔmesese va zu dɔ. Be woakpɔ eta la, Masoreteawo to ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ aɖe si teƒe wotsɔa tɔtɔdzesiwo kple fliwo, esiwo woyɔna be fli tsũewo, ɖona la vɛ. Wotsɔa wo ɖoa xaxagbeɖiɖiwo tame alo ete. Masoreteawo to nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe dzesi sesẽ aɖewo siwo nye tɔtɔ kple gbɔɖeme dzesiwo eye woganye nyawo yɔyɔ nyuie ƒe mɔfianu hã la vɛ.

Le afisiwo Masoreteawo kpɔe le be agbalẽŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi va yi trɔ ŋɔŋlɔa alo womeŋlɔe nyuie o la, wometrɔnɛ o ke boŋ woŋlɔa nu ɖe eƒe axadzi tsɔ ɖea emee. Wodea dzesi nyagbɔgblɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ kple wo ŋɔŋlɔ ƒo ƒui, kpakple alesi wodze enuenui le agbalẽ aɖe me alo le Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔ bliboa me. Woŋlɔa nya bubu siwo akpe ɖe egbugbɔgaŋlɔlawo ŋu le nuawo me toto ake me hã. Woto nuwo ŋɔŋlɔ kpuie ƒe “mɔnu” aɖewo vɛ si wotsɔna ŋlɔa nyatakaka siawoe wonɔa kpuie. Woŋlɔ kpukpui siwo ŋu woƒo nu tsoe le axadzinuŋɔŋlɔa me ƒe ɖewo ɖe nya veviwo diƒe ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi sue aɖe me le etame kple ete.

Masoret siwo nɔ Tiberia le Galilea Ƒua gbɔ ye trɔ asi le nuŋɔŋlɔmɔnu si xɔ ŋkɔ wu ŋu wòsɔ nyuie. Vevietɔ Ben Asher kple Ben Naphtali ƒe ƒome siwo nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa asieke kple ewolia M.Ŋ. me, siwo anye Karaitetɔwo la, va xɔ ŋkɔ.b Togbɔ be vovototowo nɔ dɔwɔha eveawo ƒe nyayɔyɔ kple axadzinuŋɔŋlɔ mɔnuwo me hã la, ŋɔŋlɔ siwo me woƒe xaxagbeɖiɖiwo to vovo le la mede ewo le Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo katã me o.

Ben Asher kple Ben Naphtali ƒe Masoreteawo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔdɔwɔƒe eveawo wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le nuŋɔŋlɔ ŋuti nusɔsrɔ̃ me le woƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Esi Maimonides (si nye ƒe alafa 12 lia me Talmud-ŋɔŋlɔa ŋutinunyalagã aɖe) kafu Ben Asher ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo vɔ la, etɔ dzaa ko amewo va lɔ̃ zazã wu. Wozãe ale gbegbe be Ben Naphtali ƒe asinuŋɔŋlɔ aɖeke megali fifia woakpɔ o. Nuŋɔŋlɔ eveawo dome vovototo si woŋlɔ ɖi koe gali. Evɔ la, menye nua gbugbɔgaŋlɔ wòade pɛpɛpɛ si le vevie wu ŋue Maimonides ƒo nu tsoe o ke nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe atsiã, abe mɔ dede memamãwo dome ene, ŋue wòƒo nu tsoe.

Ðe Míate ŋu Akpɔ Masoret Ŋɔŋlɔ “Akuakua”?

Agbalẽnyalagãwo ʋlia nya geɖe kple wo nɔewo le blemaŋɔŋlɔ siwo li egbea dometɔ si nye Ben Asher ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ “akuakua” ŋu, abe ke eyae nye Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔa “ŋutɔŋutɔ” ene. Le nyateƒe me la, Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔ ɖeka aɖeke meli si nye “akuakua” si sɔ keŋkeŋ le nusianu me o. Ke Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔwo li fũ, eye ɖesiaɖe to vovo tso bubuawo gbɔ vie. Ŋɔŋlɔ siwo wotsɔ asi ŋlɔe siwo katã li fifia la tsaka, Ben Asher kple Ben Naphtali siaa ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo le wo me.

Dɔ si Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔmeɖela ɖesiaɖe dze ŋgɔe egbea la lolo. Menye Hebri-nuŋɔŋlɔwo koe wòle be wòanya nyuie o ke ele be wòanya gɔmeɖeɖe vovovo siwo me susu le si wona le ŋɔŋlɔ siwo ɖewohĩ egbugbɔgaŋlɔlawo ƒe vodada alo nu bubu aɖe na wòtrɔ hã nyuie. Togbɔ be Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔ vovovoawo le vevie hã la, ele be wòaxlẽ agbalẽ nyui bubu siwo ate ŋu anye blemanuŋɔŋlɔ siwo do xoxo wu eye ɖewohĩ woanye esiwo wotsɔ xaxagbeɖiɖiawo ŋlɔe nyuie wu la hã.

Ernst Würthwein ɖe nu me le eƒe agbalẽ si nye The Text of the Old Testament ƒe ŋgɔdonya me be: “Ne míedo go nuŋɔŋlɔ aɖe si gɔmesese sesẽ la míate ŋu atsɔ agbalẽ vovovoawo vɛ ko akpɔ alesi wogblɔ, ahatsɔ esi gblɔe bɔbɔe wu le wo dome, ɣeaɖewoɣi míatsɔ Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔa, ɣebubuɣi míatsɔ Septuagint la, eye ɣebubuɣiwo hã míatsɔ Aramgbe me Targum o. Kakaɖedzi mele nuŋɔŋlɔwo katã ŋu sɔsɔe o. Ðesiaɖe kple alesi woŋlɔe kple eƒe ŋutinya tɔxɛ ye. Ne míedi be míaƒo asa na egbɔkpɔnu siwo mede o eye womesɔ o la, ke ele be míanya nusiawo nyuie.”

Kakaɖedzi blibo le mía si be Yehowa kpɔ eƒe Nya la ta. Agbagba siwo anukwareɖila geɖe dze le ƒe alafawo me wɔe be nusi ŋu wole nu ƒom le le Biblia ƒe gbedasia me, emenyawo kple numeɖeɖe suesuewo hã li míakpɔ. Ŋɔŋlɔdzesi alo nyawo ƒe tɔtrɔ suesuewo mewɔe be míete ŋu se Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔme o. Azɔ biabia vevi si li enye be, Ðe míanɔ agbe ɖe Mawu ƒe Nya Biblia la nua?

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Masoret-ŋɔŋlɔa le The Aleppo Codex me

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