Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya Me Nyakpakpawo—Alesi Wòva Kakae

ƑE 1982 mee wòdzɔ zi gbãtɔ le Amerikatɔwo ƒe sinimaɖedɔ me. Le ƒe 1982/83 ƒe ɣeyiɣi si me wokpɔ dzidzedze geɖe le sinimaɖeɖe me la, menye amegbetɔe “fefewɔla” si xɔ ŋkɔ wu la nye kura o. The Illustrated History of the Cinema yɔe be ET, si nye nuwɔwɔ ɖikokoe si tso yamenutome, gake le mɔ aɖe nu la, eƒe tagbɔ ɖa, eye eƒe wɔƒe ɖe dzesi wu le sinima si nye ET: The Extraterrestrial (Anyigba Godo Nutome Nuwɔwɔwo) me!

Vivi gã si wodo ɖe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpawo ŋu le nyitsɔ laa ƒewo me ƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖeka koe nudzɔdzɔ ɖedzesi sia nye. Magazine siwo wotana ɖe hotsɔkpɔe pepa dzi mee wotaa dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpawo ɖo tsã, eye wobuna be ɖokuiɖeɖeagalawo kple numadzɔkpɔŋubulawoe lɔ̃a exexlẽ, gake eva zu ame geɖe ƒe modzakaɖenu vevi aɖe. Gake nukae na wova le vivi dom ɖe eŋu alea gbegbe?

Be míaɖo nya sia ŋu la, ele be gbã, míade ŋugble le dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa ƒe ŋutinya ŋu. Tso keke blema ke la, amewo kpa nya wɔdɔɖeamedziwo bene woatsɔ ado vɔvɔ̃ na ame, be wòawɔ dɔ ɖe ame dzi, alo be woatsɔ aɖe modzakae ko. Gake le ƒe alafa 17 kple 18 lia me la, Europa ge ɖe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple ŋutilãmenuwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyikpɔkpɔ ƒe azã aɖe me. Ame geɖe va nɔ ɖi kem le dzixɔse kple nyagbɔgblɔ siwo dzi wolɔ̃ ɖo tso blema ke la ŋu. Esi wòva dzɔ alea la, ame aɖewo va nɔ ŋugble dem le alesi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ameƒomea ƒe etsɔme dzii la ŋu.

Womenya amesi tututu to dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa vɛ o. Ƒe alafa 17 lia me gbalẽŋlɔla Francis Godwin kple Cyrano de Bergerac ŋlɔ mɔzɔzɔ yi yamenutowo me ŋuti gligbalẽwo. Le ƒe 1818 me la, Mary Shelley ƒe agbalẽ si nye Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus ƒo nu tso dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala aɖe si te ŋu wɔa nusiwo me agbe le ŋu eye wòta nu dziŋɔ siwo do tso wo wɔwɔ me la.

Agbalẽŋlɔla aɖewo zã nyakpakpa sia tɔgbe tsɔ ɖe amegbetɔƒomea ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo fiae. Eyata esi Jonathan Swift nɔ fewu ɖum le ƒe alafa 18 lia me Eŋlisiawo ŋu la, ede mɔzɔzɔ vovovo siwo nye nyakpakpawo hã eƒe fewuɖugbalẽa me. Esia na wòva ŋlɔ Gulliver’s Travels si nye nyakpakpa wɔdɔɖeamedzi aɖe si woyɔ be dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa ƒe “nuŋɔŋlɔ vevitɔ gbãtɔ.”

Gake agbalẽŋlɔla Jules Verne kple H. G. Wells koŋ ye wogblɔna be woawoe ŋlɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa ɖe nɔnɔme si me wòle fifia la nu. Le ƒe 1865 me la, Verne ŋlɔ From the Earth to the Moon (Tso Anyigba dzi Yi Dzinua Dzi)—si nye gligbalẽ siwo ŋu wokpɔ ŋudzedze ɖo dometɔ ɖeka. Le ƒe 1895 me la, H. G. Wells ƒe agbalẽ xɔŋkɔ si nye The Time Machine do.

Nyakpakpawo Va Zu Nu Ŋutɔŋutɔwo

Va ɖo ƒe 1900 ƒeawo ƒe gɔmedzedze me la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo va dze dɔwɔwɔ le nusiwo wobu ɖe susu me ko la dometɔ aɖewo ŋu gɔme. Agbalẽ si nye Die Großen (Ame Xɔŋkɔwo) gblɔ be Germaniatɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununyala Hermann Oberth tsɔ ƒe geɖe nɔ agbagba dzem be yeana nusi Jules Verne susu kpɔ be ame nanɔ yamenutomeyiʋu me ayi yame la nazu nu ŋutɔŋutɔ. Oberth ƒe akɔntabubuwoe nye nusi dzi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo va nɔ te ɖo bu yamenutomeyiyikɔntawo. Gake menye eya ɖeɖekoe nye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala si dzi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa wɔ dɔ ɖo o. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpaŋlɔla xɔŋkɔ Ray Bradbury ŋlɔ be: “Wernher von Braun kple eƒe dɔwɔhati siwo le Germania kple amesiame si le Houston kple Cape Kennedy la xlẽ H. G. Wells kple Jules Verne ƒe agbalẽwo kpɔ le woƒe ɖevime. Woɖoe be ne yewotsi la, yewoawɔ nusiawo katã.”

Le nyateƒe me la, dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpawoe kpe ɖe amewo ŋu le nutovɛ geɖe me. Agbalẽŋlɔla René Oth gblɔ be “nutovɛ alo nufɔfɔ siwo dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa megblɔ ɖi do ŋgɔ o” ƒe ʋee aɖewo koe li. Ƒugɔmeʋuwo, mɔ̃ siwo wɔa nu pɛpɛpɛ abe ame ene, kple yamenutomeyimɔ̃wo katã nye nusiwo ŋu dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpawo nɔ nu ƒom le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe do ŋgɔ hafi wova to wo vɛ. Eyata dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpaŋlɔla Frederik Pohl gblɔ be “dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa xexlẽ nye hehe nana susu.”

Gake menye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa ɖesiaɖee ku ɖe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ŋu nyateƒe o. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpagbalẽ kple sinima siwo xɔ ŋkɔ wu dometɔ aɖewo nye nusi ame aɖewo yɔna be dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe gliwo. Nusi ɖea dzesi zi geɖe le dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpawo ŋue nye be wonye nusiwo me susu le ne wobu wo ŋu le dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me, gake le gliwo ya gome la, agbalẽŋlɔla la ɖeɖe ƒe susu me koe eƒe nuŋɔŋlɔawo sena. Akunyawɔwɔ kple afakaka gɔ̃ hã ate ŋu anɔ wo me.

Gake nyateƒe kae le alesi dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa bu etsɔme ŋui la ŋuti? Ðe dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me nyakpakpa ɖesiaɖe dze na xexlẽ alo kpɔkpɔa? Nyati siwo gbɔna aɖo biabia siawo ŋu.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 3]

Jules Verne ƒe gligbalẽ “From the Earth to the Moon” nyɔ yamenutome mɔzɔzɔ ƒe didi ɖe amewo me vevie

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 3]

Yamenutomeyiʋua: General Research Division/The New York Public Library/Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations