Sika Eŋuti Nya Ɣaɣla La
Sika—tso blema kee wode asixɔxɔ gã ga bɔbɔe sia si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi si klẽna la ŋu le esi eƒe nyonyo mebɔ o ta. Eƒe amadede, dzodada, alesi woate ŋu atrɔ asi le eŋu ɖe nɔnɔme vovovowo me, kple alesi meléa ɣebia o na wòle etɔxɛ le ga bubuwo dome. Le alesi asixɔxɔ le eŋu na edilawo ta la, sika ŋutinya to vovo na ga bubuawo katã tɔ.
“SIKA! Sikae, eya tututue! Sikae!” Keke ɖe sika ŋu naa dzi tia kpo, dzia ƒe tsotso tsɔna ɖe edzi, eye ame ƒe susu yina ʋĩ. Wodii le anyigba dzi, le tɔsisi gã kple suewo me, kple le to me ʋĩ ke hã.
Esi sika nye kpe xɔasi ta la, wotsɔe ɖo atsyɔ̃ na fiawo kple fianyɔnuwo. Wotsɔe ɖo atsyɔ̃ na fiazikpuiwo kple fiasã ƒe gliwo. Wosubɔ sikalegba siwo wowɔ ɖe tɔmelãwo, xeviwo, lãwo, kple nu bubuwo ƒe nɔnɔme me la abe mawuwo ene. Sika didi tamanamanatɔe kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nu geɖe dzi, eye ekpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ŋkuʋuʋu hã dzi.
Akpa si Sika Wɔ le Ŋutinya Me
Blema Egipte fiawo dɔa woƒe asitsalawo kple aʋakɔwo ɖe didiƒenyigbawo dzi be woaɖadi sika si wobuna be enye Egipte mawuwo kple fiawo ƒe kesinɔnu gãtɔ. Sika kple kesinɔnu xɔasi siwo wotsɔ sika wɔ yɔ Tutankhamen ƒe yɔdo si ŋu woke ɖo le ƒe 1922 me fũ. Sika ɖeɖee wotsɔ wɔ aɖaka si wotsɔ ɖii gɔ̃ hã.
Ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖewo gblɔ be “nusi koŋue na” Aleksanda Gãtɔ “yi Asia enye alesi Persia ƒe ŋkɔ de dzi le sika si le afima ta.” Wogblɔ be eƒe aʋakɔwo do sika si wòxɔ sesẽe le Persia ƒe agba na lã akpe geɖe wotsɔ yi Greece. Esia na Greece va zu dukɔ si me sika va bɔ ɖo fũ.
Ŋutinyaŋlɔla aɖe gblɔ be Roma “fiagãwo tsɔa sika naa woƒe dziɖuɖumegãwoe ne woaɖi anukware na yewo eye wotsɔnɛ flua mo na dukɔ bubuwo ƒe ameŋkutawoe. Wotsɔa sikanu dzeaniwo ɖoa atsyɔ̃ tsɔ ɖea woƒe kesinɔtɔnyenye fiaa woƒe dukɔmeviwo eye wotsɔnɛ doa vɔvɔ̃ na wo zi geɖe.” Agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be Romatɔwo kpɔ sika geɖe tso woƒe Spain dzi ɖuɖu kple Spaintɔwo ƒe sikakuƒewo xɔxɔ me.
Gake míate ŋu aƒo nu tso sika ƒe ŋutinya ŋu agblẽ alesi wòna amewo kɔ ʋu ɖii la ɖi o. Enye ŋutinya si me dziɖuɖukpɔkpɔ, ŋlɔmiwɔwɔ, kluvinyenye, kple ku dze le.
Ʋukɔkɔɖi Yɔ Eŋutinya Me
Esi ŋkuʋuʋu nɔ ta kekem la, amewo dze mɔ kple tɔdziʋu gã sesẽwo be yewoaɖadi anyigba yeyewo, aɖo dutanyigbawo anyi, eye yewoadi sika. Sika didi va xɔ susu na anyigbayeyedilawo, amesiwo dome ƒudzimɔzɔla gbãtɔ Christopher Columbus (ƒe 1451-1506) hã nɔ.
Esi Columbus nɔ sika dim la, anyigba siwo ŋu wòke ɖo dzi nɔlawo ƒe agbe meɖi naneke nɛ o. Esi Columbus nɔ nusiwo teƒe wòkpɔ le ƒukpo aɖe dzi gblɔm na Spain fia kple fianyɔnu, amesiwo do alɔ eƒe mɔzɔzɔa la, eŋlɔ ɖe eƒe ƒudzimɔzɔzɔ ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi me be: “Hafi ame nanye dziɖula le afisia la, ele be wòanɔ wo dome axɔ ɣeyiɣi akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe anyigbaa dzi tɔwo dzi, ale be woawɔ se ɖesiaɖe si woade na wo dzi. . . . Indiatɔ siawo . . . le nuvo eye womate ŋu aʋli wo ɖokui ta o, eyata wonye amesiwo dzi woate ŋu aɖu bɔbɔe ahazã wo le dɔwɔwɔ me.” Columbus ka ɖe edzi be Mawu ƒe yayra nɔ ye dzi. Sika siwo wòkpɔ ana Spain-dukɔ nakpɔ ga awɔ aʋa kɔkɔewo. Ɣeaɖeɣi esi wòxɔ nunana si nye amemo si wotsɔ sika wɔ la, egblɔ be: ‘Mawu nekpe ɖe ŋunye le eƒe nublanuikpɔkpɔ me make ɖe sika ŋu.’
Spain Fia Ferdinand ɖe gbe na Spaintɔ anyigbayeyexɔla siwo zɔ ƒudzimɔ nɔ sika dim le Columbus sɔsrɔ̃ me be: “Mitsɔ sika gbɔe nam! Ne anya wɔ la midii le tufafa me. Gake midii vɛ nam le mɔ ɖesiaɖe si dzi miato woasu mia si dzi.” Mɔzɔla sẽŋuta siawo wu anyigba siwo dzi wode dzi nɔla akpe geɖe siwo wodo goe le Mexico kple Titina kple Anyiehe Amerika. Sika siwo anyigbayeyexɔla siawo de tɔdziʋuwo me va Spain la ƒo ʋu ale gbegbe, le kpɔɖeŋunyagbɔgblɔ nu.
Ƒudzidzodalawo hã va do kple aflaga si menye dukɔ aɖeke tɔ o. Woda adzo Spaintɔwo ƒe asiʋu gã siwo wodo sika kple nu xɔasi bubuwo ƒe agba na la le ƒua dzi. Asiʋu siwo me aʋawɔnuwo kple aʋawɔlawo medea ha le o mede afi aɖeke na ƒudzidzodala siwo bla akpa nyui la o. Le ƒe alafa 17 lia kple 18 lia me la, ƒudzidzodada va zu kuxi le ƒuwo dzi, vevietɔ le West Indies kple le Amerika-ƒutanutowo me.
Sikaʋiʋli le Ƒe Alafa 19 Lia Me
Sikanɔƒe ɖedzesi aɖe va dze le ƒe 1848 me le Sacramento Valley si le California. Nya la kaka enumake, eye ame gbogbo aɖewo nɔ du dzi yi be yewoalé anyigba ɖi na yewo ɖokui. Kaka ƒe natrɔ la, ame akpe bla nane siwo “lɔ hoo ɖe sika ŋu”—kesinɔnudila siwo tso xexeame ƒe akpa vovovoawo katã va yɔ California. Amewo ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖe edzi le California tso amesiwo anɔ 26,000 le ƒe 1848 me va ɖo 380,000 le ƒe 1860 me. Agbledelawo gblẽ woƒe anyigbawo ɖi, ƒudzimɔzɔlawo ɖe asi le woƒe tɔdzidɔwɔwɔ ŋu mɔmabiamabiae, asrafowo gblẽ asrafodɔ ɖi—be yewoazɔ mɔ ava di sika ne yewoakpɔ dzidzedze. Woɖɔ wo dometɔ aɖewo be wonye “yakame ʋukɔɖilawo.” Ameƒomevi vovovowo ƒe tsakatsaka alea he nuvlowɔwɔ kple ŋutasesẽ gã aɖe vɛ. Amesiwo sika didi ƒe mɔ̃ sia ɖe gake womedi be yewoawɔ dɔ akpɔe hafi o trɔ ɖe adzodada ŋu eye wodzea agbatsɔʋu siwo sɔwo hena kple ketekewo dzi.
Sikaʋiʋli si kplɔ esi dzɔ le California ɖoe nye nyatakaka si va le ƒe 1851 me be woke ɖe sika gbogbo aɖewo teƒe ŋu le Australia. Nyatakaka la gblɔ be “ebɔ ɖe afima ale gbegbe.” Le ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ko me la, Australia va zu sikakuƒe gãtɔ kekeake le xexeame. Amesiwo ʋu yi California la dometɔ aɖewo do agba enumake heɖo ta anyigbe gome yi Australia. Amesiwo le Australia ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ yi dzi enumake—tso ame 400,000 le ƒe 1850 me va ɖo amesiwo wu 1,100,000 le ƒe 1860 me. Agbledede kple dɔwɔna bubuwo nu tso kloe le esi ame geɖe nɔ du dzi ɖe sika didi ŋu be nu nadze edzi na yewo ta.
Le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu lɔƒo la, amewo ƒe tsukuku ɖe sika didi ŋu gakplɔ wo yi Yukon kple Alaska, esi wova ke ɖe sika ŋu le nuto mawo me ta. Ame akpe nanewo zɔ mɔ yi keke Dziehe Ʋĩ ke, le Alaska kple Klondike nutome, henɔ akɔ kpem kple vuvɔ sesẽ si le nuto ma me be yewoaɖalé anyigba ƒe akpa si sika bɔ ɖo ɖi na yewo ɖokui.
Kesinɔnu Siwo Nyrɔ
Esi woto ƒu gɔme ʋĩ dede vɛ le ƒe alafa 20 lia me la, sikadilawo trɔ woƒe susu ɖe ƒu gɔme ŋu. Wonɔa tɔdziʋu siwo gbã me tsam be yewoakpɔ kesinɔnu siwo nyrɔ—sikanuwo kple blemanuxɔasi siwo wowɔ ƒe alafa geɖe siwo va yi.
Le September 20, 1638 dzi la, Concepción si nye Spaintɔwo ƒe asiʋu gã aɖe nyrɔ ɖe teƒe si medidi tso Saipan-ƒuta o le Pasifik-ƒugã la me le esi ya sesẽ aɖe lɔe ɖe enu va lɔ kpewo megbe. Agba si nɔ emee nye sika kple nu xɔasi bubu siwo ƒe home anɔ dɔlar miliɔn geɖe egbea. Ame 400 siwo nɔ ʋua me ƒe akpa gãtɔ ku. Tɔgɔmedelawo fɔ sikakɔsɔkɔsɔ 32 siwo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe didime anɔ afɔ atɔ̃ eye woƒe kpekpeme de pounde geɖe le ʋu gbagbã la me. Sikanu ɖekaɖeka siwo tɔgɔmedelawo fɔ le eme katã de 1,300—wonye kɔsɔkɔsɔwo, atitsogawo, akɔtadzesiwo, kɔmedzonuwo, asigɛwo, kple alidziblanuwo.
Woke ɖe ʋu gbagbã bubuwo hã ŋu. Le ƒe 1980 me la, ƒugɔmedelawo ke ɖe Santa Margarita si nye ƒe alafa 17 lia me Spaintɔwo ƒe asiʋu si gbã ŋu le afisi medidi tso Florida-ƒuta o le United States. Kaka ƒe si kplɔe ɖo ƒe nuwuwu naɖo la, ƒugɔmedelawo ke ɖe sikakɔ siwo ƒe kpekpeme wu pounde 118, kple blemanu bubu siwo wotsɔ sika wɔe ŋu.
Sika si Wokpɔ le Aʋawɔɣi
Esi Germany-dziɖuɖua na ta le ƒe 1945 me megbe la, Dukɔ Wɔɖekawo Ƒe Asrafowo ke ɖe nu dziŋɔ aɖe ŋu le Kaiseroda-dzekuƒe le Thuringia, Germany. The Atlanta Journal ka nya ta be “wokpɔ ga gbogbo si nye dɔlar biliɔn 2.1 tso sikakɔ, numemewo, ga kple megbedenuwo me le dzekuƒea.” Wofɔ kotoku siwo yɔ fũ kple aɖuwɔwɔe si nye sika kple klosalo siwo woɖe tso amesiwo tsi Nazitɔwo ƒe Ametsɔtsrɔ̃gã la me ŋu, eye wolólo wo dometɔ aɖewo xoxo. Sika gbogbo sia kpe ɖe Nazi-ʋakplɔlawo ŋu wokpɔ ga tsɔ wɔ aʋa si nɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe la. Journal la ka nya ta be wogbugbɔ sika si wobu be ade ga dɔlar biliɔn 2.5 la na dukɔ siwo ade ewo siwo nɔ Hitler ƒe ŋusẽ te tsã. Esi ame geɖe xɔe se be menye sika siwo katã Nazitɔwo ɣla la ŋue woke ɖo o ta la, wogale edidi dzi.
Enye nyateƒe be asixɔxɔ le sika ŋu ŋutɔ. Gake Biblia gblɔ be sika kple ŋutilãmekesinɔnu bubuawo katã mate ŋu ana agbe amesiwo dinɛ o. (Psalmo 49:7-9; Zefanya 1:18) Biblia me lododo aɖe gblɔ be: “Aleke gbegbe nunyakpɔkpɔ mehenyo wu sikae . . . o!” (Lododowo 16:16) Nunya vavãtɔ tsoa Wɔla, Yehowa Mawu gbɔ, eye eƒe Nya, Biblia, mee woakpɔe le. Ne amesi le nunya sia dim srɔ̃ Mawu ƒe Nya la, ate ŋu anya Mawu ƒe sewo, gɔmeɖosewo, kple aɖaŋuɖoɖowo eye wòatsɔ wo awɔ dɔe le eƒe agbe me. Nunya si asu esi la xɔ asi sasasã wu sika siwo katã ŋu amegbetɔ ke ɖo kpɔ. Nunya sia ate ŋu ana nànɔ agbe si nyo wu fifia eye wòana nàkpɔ agbe mavɔ le etsɔme.—Lododowo 3:13-18.
[Aɖaka si le axa 23]
Sika Ŋu Nya Aɖewo
• Sika nye ga si ŋu woate ŋu atrɔ asi le bɔbɔe be wòanɔ nɔnɔme vovovowo me wu ga bubuwo katã. Woate ŋu aƒoe gbabɛ ale gbegbe be ŋku mate ŋu akpɔ eƒe titrime o. Woate ŋu aƒo sika si ƒe kpekpeme nye gram 28 wòakeke gbadzaa axɔ teƒe si keke meta 17 togodo. Woate ŋu atrɔ asi le sika si ƒe kpekpeme nye gram 28 ŋu wòadidi kilometa 70.
• Esi sika si wometsɔ naneke tsakae o bɔbɔ ŋutɔ ta la, wotsɔa ga bubuwo tsakanɛ be wòasẽ ne woatsɔ awɔ atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo kple sikanu bubuwoe. Wobua sika agbɔsɔsɔ si le nane me ɖe akpa 24 liawo me, eye woyɔnɛ be karat; efia be ne wogblɔ be sikanu nye karat 12 la, efia be nua ƒe afãe (50%) nye sika ŋutɔŋutɔ, karat 18 fia be sikanua ƒe akpa 75 le alafa me nye sika, eye sika karat 24 fia be wometsɔ naneke tsakae o.
• Dukɔ siwo me wokpɔa sika tsonɛ wue nye South Africa kple United States.
[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 21]
Aleksanda Gãtɔ: The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 22]
Nutata sia fia esime Christopher Columbus va ɖo Bahamas le ƒe 1492 me henɔ sika dim
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
Le Museo Naval, Madrid (Spain), kple Don Manuel González López ƒe mɔɖeɖe nu