Tɔdzisasrãwo Aleke Míawɔ Ne Ðe Womeli o?

“Da akpe na tɔdzisasrã si dzi nèto tso tɔ lae.”—George Colman, ƒe alafa 19 lia me Eŋlisi fefeŋlɔla.

ƔEKAƔIE nye zi mamlɛa si nèto tɔdzisasrã aɖe dzi? Ðe nède dzesii kura gɔ̃a? Ame miliɔn geɖe zɔa tɔdzisasrãwo dzi tsoa tɔ gbesiagbe. Míebua wo ŋu gɔ̃ hã o. Míezɔna, doa keke, alo kua ʋu toa wo dzi alo wo gɔme, eye ɖewohĩ míenyana gɔ̃ hã o. Gake ne ɖe womeli o ɖe?

Tɔdzisasrã ƒomevi vovovowo na be ƒe akpe geɖee nye sia amegbetɔwo kple lãwo te ŋu tsoa ʋe siwo anye ne womate ŋu atso wo o, eɖanye tɔsisi, ʋe goglo, alo sueawo o. Du aɖewo li siwo míenya nusi woawɔ ne ɖe tɔdzisasrã mele wo ŋu o—woawoe nye Cairo, London, Moscow, New York, Sydney, kple bubu geɖewo. Ẽ, tso keke blema kee tɔdzisasrãwo le kpekpem ɖe ame ŋu.

Blema Tɔdzisasrãwo

Ƒe si wu 2,500 enye si va yi la, Babilon Fianyɔnu Nitocris tu tɔdzisasrã aɖe ɖe Frat-tɔsisia dzi. Nukatae? Helatɔ ŋutinyaŋlɔla Herodotus ɖo eŋu be: “Tɔsisia mã [Babilon] ɖe akpa eve siwo ɖe dzesi me. Le fia siwo nɔ anyi va yi ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me ne ame aɖe di be yeatso akpa ɖeka ayi evelia la, tɔdziʋu mee wòanɔ atsoe; esi wɔ nam be enye fuɖeɖe blibo.” Nitocris zã atikpowo, anyikpe memewo, xɔtukpe siwo me wode gakpowoe tsɔ tu tɔdzisasrãe ɖe blema tɔsisi xɔŋkɔwo dometɔ ɖeka dzi.

Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, tɔdzisasrãwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ŋutinya me nudzɔdzɔwo dzi. Esi Persia-fia Dario Gãtɔ ho yina Scythia dzi dze ge la, edi be yeato anyigbamɔ kpuitɔ kekeake tso Asia ayi Europa. Efia be ele be wòakplɔ eƒe aʋakɔ si me ame 600,000 le atso Bosporus Tsimɔ si to atsiaƒu eve dome dzii. Afɔku nɔ tɔdziʋu tsɔtsɔ tso tɔʋuae me le ƒu eve siwo dome tɔʋua to ƒe agbodzedze kple esi afu do ŋutɔ ta, eyata Dario de ka tɔdziʋuwo tsiã ɖe nu ɖekae vaseɖe esime wòzu tɔdzisasrã si ho ɖe tsia dzi si ƒe didime nye meta 900. Egbea màgakpe fu nenema gbegbe abe Dario ene hafi atso tɔʋua o. Àte ŋu azã aɖabaƒoƒo si made eve hã o atsɔ atso tɔʋuae ne èto Bosporus tɔdzisasrãwo dzi le Istanbul, Turkey.

Ne èsrɔ̃a Biblia la, ɖewohĩ àɖo ŋku edzi be ɣeaɖeɣi tɔdzisasrã ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ta nanewo mete ŋu dze edzi o. Ðo ŋku nusi dzɔ esi Babilon-fia Nebukadneza ɖe to ɖe Tiro-ƒukpo ŋu la dzi. Edze agbagba ƒe 13 sɔŋ be yeaɖu dua dzi do kpoe, eye nusitae ƒe akpa aɖee nye be tɔdzisasrã aɖeke menɔ ƒukpoa kple anyigba ŋutɔ dome o. (Xezekiel 29:17-20) Ƒukpodzidua ganɔ anyi ƒe alafa etɔ̃ bubu womete ŋu ɖu edzi o vaseɖe esime Alexander Gãtɔ va do mɔ si nye kpo kɔkɔ aɖe tso anyigba yi ƒukpoa dzi.

Wogblɔna be ‘Roma ye mɔdodowo katã ɖo tae’ le ƒe alafa gbãtɔ me, gake Romatɔwo hiã tɔdzisasrãwo kple mɔdodowo be woana kadodo nanɔ woƒe fiaɖuƒea me. Roma mɔ̃ɖaŋuwɔlawo zã kpe gã siwo dometɔ ɖeka ɖesiaɖe ƒe kpekpeme nye tɔn enyi sɔŋ tsɔ tu tɔdzisasrã siwo tame woxa gobaae la nyuie ale gbegbe be wo dometɔ aɖewo gali kokoko le ƒe akpe eve kple edzivɔ xɔxɔ megbe. Woƒe tsimɔwo kple agbawo hã nyo ŋutɔ.

Le Titinaɣeyiɣiwo me la, tɔdzisasrãwo va zu mɔ sesẽ na amewo ɣeaɖewoɣi. Le ƒe 944 M.Ŋ. me la, Saksontɔwo tsɔ ati srã Thames Tɔsisi si le London dzi tsɔ nyã Denmarktɔ siwo di be yewoadze wo dzi. Ƒe alafa etɔ̃ kloe megbe hafi wotu Old London Bridge ɖe tɔdzisasrã sia si wotu kple ati la teƒe, eye enye nusi dzi woɖoa ŋkui le ŋutinya me eye woŋlɔ hakpanyawo hã ɖe eŋu.

Le Fianyɔnu Elizabeth I ƒe zidzivaɣi le England la, Old London Bridge la meganye mɔ sesẽ si wotsɔ kpe tui ko o. Wotu xɔwo ɖe tɔdzisasrãa ŋutɔŋutɔ dzi. Fiasewo nɔ dziƒoxɔ siawo ƒe xɔ siwo le ete me. Ke xɔawo ƒe dzisasrãwo dzi ya ɖe? Wozu aƒewo na asitsala kesinɔtɔwo kple na fiaƒomea me tɔwo kura gɔ̃ hã. London Bridge va zu teƒe vevi aɖe le London. Ga siwo woxɔna ɖe fiaseawo kple xɔawo ta lae wozãna tsɔ dzraa tɔdzisasrã la ɖoe, ẽ, vavãe, London Bridge la nye adzɔxɔƒe tsã!

Esime Europatɔwo ƒe ŋku biã ɖe ati kple kpe tsɔtsɔ tu tɔdzisasrãwoe ŋu la, ka ye Incatɔ siwo le Anyiehe Amerika ya tsɔna srãa tɔ dzii. Eƒe kpɔɖeŋu nyanyɛ aɖee nye San Luis Rey ƒe tɔdzisasrã si to Apurímac Tɔsisi si le Peru dzi. Incatɔwo fo tsro le atiwo ŋu tsɔ gbi kae si tri de amegbetɔ ƒe lolome nu. Wohe kaawo to sɔti siwo wotsɔ kpe mee dzi tsɔ tso tɔ lae. Ne wotsi kaawo ɖe go eveawo katã dzi vɔ la, wodaa ʋuƒowo ɖe wo dzi wòzua mɔ. Amesiwo wode edzadzraɖo asi na ɖɔa li kawo le ƒe eve ɖesiaɖe megbe. Wotu tɔdzisasrã sia nyuie helé be nɛ ale gbegbe be enɔ anyi ƒe alafa atɔ̃!

Tɔdzisasrãwo Kple Míaƒe Nuhiahiã Siwo Nɔa Tɔtrɔm

Ele be tɔdzisasrãwo nate ŋu anɔ te ɖe anyigbaʋuʋuwo, ahomyawo, kple yame ƒe tɔtrɔwo nu. Abe alesi míekpɔe ene la, ɣeyiɣi siwo me mɔ̃ɖaŋuwɔlawo zã atikpo, anyikpememe, kple kpewo tsɔ tu tɔdzisasrãwoe gbɔ medidi kura o. Esi wova dze ʋuwo zazã gɔme le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu la, eva hiã be woatrɔ asi le tɔdzisasrã siwo nɔ anyi la ŋu ahakeke wo ɖe enu be ʋu kpekpewo nate ŋu ato wo dzi.

Keteke ƒe toto vɛ hã de dzo tɔdzisasrãwo tutu kple wo tutu aɖaŋutɔe me. Zi geɖe la, afisi ketemɔ ato wòade ame dzi wu la nyea tɔ gãwo dzi alo ʋe gãwo me. Ðe woate ŋu atu tɔdzisasrã siwo adidi, ato wo dzi, siwo dzi agba kpekpe siwo nye keteke didiwo atoa? Wozã tɔdzisasrã siwo wotsɔ gakpo sesẽwo (cast iron) tui va de asi na ɣeyiɣi aɖe. Ƒe alafa 19 lia me tɔdzisasrã nyanyɛwo dometɔ ɖekae nye tɔdzisasrã si wotsi ɖe yame le Menai Tsimɔ dzi le Dziehe Wales, si ƒe aɖaŋu Scotlandtɔ xɔtuɖaŋuwɔla Thomas Telford wɔ hewu enu le ƒe 1826 me. Edidi meta 176 eye wogale ezãm kokoko! Gake gakpo sesẽ siawo te ŋu bɔna bɔbɔe eye dzisasrãwo te ŋu ŋena kabakaba. Mlɔeba le ƒe 1800-awo ƒe nuwuwu la, wodze gakpo siwo gasesẽ wu (steel) tutu gɔme. Dɔwɔnu sia nyo na tɔdzisasrã siwo anɔ anyi ɣeyiɣi didi siwo ŋu afɔku boo manɔ o tutu.

Tɔdzisasrã Hamehame Siwo Li

Tɔdzisasrã ƒomevi adre koŋ ye li. (Kpɔ aɖaka si le etame.) Míaƒo nu le wo dometɔ eve ŋu kpuie le afisia.

Tɔdzisasrã siwo ƒe titina wometua sɔti ɖo o nye esiwo sɔti gã eve lé ɖe te le tɔsisia ƒe go eveawo dzi. Wotsia gakpo siwo tsɔ tɔdzisasrã la ɖe sɔtia ɖesiaɖe ŋu, abe alesi wotsia ʋuƒo si dzi wotɔna ɖo dzona dzea ta si me woƒua tsi le ɖe taa toe ene. Wotsɔa gakpo sesẽ bubuwo tsɔ tsiãna eƒe domedome ɖe enu tsɔ wua tɔdzisasrãa tutu nui.

Wotua tɔdzisasrã si womezãa sɔtiwo fũ na etutu o la ɖe tɔsisi si ƒe tsisisi nu sẽ ŋutɔ alo ƒe tɔgowo ŋu bɔbɔ fũ akpã dzi elabena mehiã be woaɖi sɔtiwo ɖe tɔsisia ƒe domedome o. Tɔdzisasrã siawo sesẽ ŋutɔ ate ŋu atsɔ agba kpekpewo abe ketekewo ene.

Ðewohĩ èkpɔ goglomifefewɔla wòle ka aɖe si wotsi ɖe yame dzi zɔm kpɔ. Ènya be le nyateƒe me, dzisasrã—si nye tɔdzisasrã si wotsi ɖe yame—dzi zɔm wòlea? Tɔdzisasrã aɖewo siwo wotsi ɖe ka siwo le yame ŋu la ƒe tutume meto vovo boo na ka si dzi fefewɔla la zɔna o. Woate ŋu anye gaka siwo ƒe nugbɔ wosa ɖe go kemɛ dzi eye wotsi kusi ɖe eŋu. Amea nɔa kusia me ɖiɖina vivivi yina go evelia dzi. Le xexeame godoo, amewo zɔa tɔdzisasrã siwo nye ka ko dzi ɣesiaɣi.

Nyateƒee, mava wò tame be yeaku ʋu ato tɔdzisasrã si wowɔ kple ka dzi o. Esi wova to gakɔsɔkɔsɔwo kple gaka sesẽ titriwo vɛ la, woate ŋu atu tɔdzisasrã siwo wotsɔ gaka lée ɖe yame siwo dzi woate ŋu atsɔ agba kpekpewo atoe. Egbegbe tɔdzisasrã si wotsi ɖe yame ate ŋu adidi meta 1,200 alo wu nenema. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gakpo sesẽwo tua sɔti eve ɖe tɔdzisasrã siwo wotsi ɖe yame ƒe go eveawo dzi, eye wotua sɔti kɔkɔ si tsɔa dzisasrãa ɖe sɔti ete tɔ ɖesiaɖe dzi. Wosaa gaka sesẽ siawo siwo nye gaka akpe geɖe si wogbi ɖekae ɖe sɔti kɔkɔawo kple dzisasrã si le ete la ŋu. Gaka siawoe tsɔa ʋu siwo toa tɔdzisasrãa dzi kple dzisasrãa ŋutɔ. Ne wotu wo nyuie la, tɔdzisasrã siwo wotsi ɖe yamee nye tɔdzisasrã nyuitɔwo kekeake dometɔ ɖeka le xexeame.

Ðewohĩ le ɣeyiɣi siwo va yi me la, mèbua vi si tututu tɔdzisasrãwo ɖena na wò la ŋu o. Gake ne ègato tɔdzisasrã aɖe si nènya dzi ɣebubuɣi la, bia ɖokuiwò be: ‘Nukae menya le tɔdzisasrã sia ŋu? Ɣekaɣie wotui?’ Lé ŋku ɖe eŋu nyuie. Sɔti eve tɔdzisasrã, esi wotsi ɖe yame alo bubu aɖe yea? Nukatae wotui alea?

Emegbe ne ètsoe vɔ la, lé ŋku ɖe ete eye nàbia ɖokuiwò be, ‘Ne ɖe meli o ɖe, anye ne aleke mawɔ?’

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 12]

TƆDZISASRÃ ƑE TUTUME VOVOVOWO

1. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO SƆTIWO ÐEÐEKO LÉ ÐE TE ye wotuna ɖe lɔrimɔ gãwo dzi. Sɔti siwo le eƒe nugbɔ alo dome tɔwo tsɔa dzisasrãa. Tɔdzisasrã siawo ate ŋu adidi aɖo meta 300.

2. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO WOTSƆ GA BLAE nye dzisasrã siwo wotsɔ gababla siwo nɔa dzogoe etɔ̃ me tsɔnɛ. Wotua tɔdzisasrã siawo tɔgbe ɖe ketekemɔwo, ʋe goglowo, tɔsisiwo, kple ɖe mɔxenu bubuwo dzi.

3. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO WOXA GOBAA gome la, xaxa gobaa siawo tsiãna ɖe enu va ɖoa tɔdzisasrãa ƒe nuwuwu. Tɔdzisasrã sia nye xoxotɔwo dometɔ ɖeka. Aleae Romatɔwo tu woƒe tsimɔwo kple tsiʋewoe eye wotsɔa kpememe tɔxɛwo léa wo tamee ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu. Woƒe geɖe gali egbea.

4. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO WOTSƆ GAKAWO LÉ ÐE TE ɖi esiwo wotsi ɖe yame negbe ɖeko wotsi eya ƒe kawo ɖe sɔti etame tɔwo ŋu tẽ.

5. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO WOTE ŊU HENA YIA DZI la nye esiwo woate ŋu atutu ayi dzi be tɔdziʋuwo nate ŋu ato egɔme ayi. Eƒe kpɔɖeŋu nyui aɖee nye Tower Bridge si le London.

6. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO ƑE TITINA WOMETUA SƆTI ÐO O kple

7. TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO WOTSI ÐE YAME ŋue míeƒo nu tsoe le nyatia me—World Book Encyclopedia, 1994.

[Nyaɖoɖo si le axa 13]

TƆDZISASRÃ XƆŊKƆ AÐEWO TƆDZISASRÃ SIWO WOTSI ÐE YAME

Storebaelt Denmark meta 1,624

Brooklyn U.S.A. meta 486

Golden Gate U.S.A. meta 1,280

Jiangyin Yangtze China meta 1,385

TƆDZISASRÃ SI TE SƆTIWO LE

Forth (eve ƒokpli) Scotland ɖesiaɖe didi meta 521

Quebec Canada meta 549

Mississippi River U.S.A. meta 480

GAKPO SI XA GOBAA TƆDZISASRÃ

Sydney Harbour Australia meta 500

Birchenough Zimbabwe meta 329

TƆDZISASRÃ SI KA LÉ ÐE TE

Pont de Normandie France meta 856

Skarnsundet Norway meta 530

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 10]

Egbegbe tɔdzisasrã si sɔtiwo lé ɖe te si to blema tɔ si woxa gobaa tame, le Almería, Spain

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 13]

Brooklyn Bridge, New York, U.S.A. (esi wotsi ɖe yame)

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 13]

Tower Bridge, London, England (esi wohena yia dzi)

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 13]

Sydney Harbour Bridge, Australia (esi tame xa gobaa)

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 13]

Seto Ohashi, Japan (esi ka lé ɖe te)