“Dawid ƒe Aƒe”—Nyateƒenyae loo alo Nyakpakpae?

DAWID—ɖekakpui alẽkplɔvi si va zu hadzila, hakpanyaŋlɔla, asrafo, nyagblɔɖila, kple fia—xɔ ŋkɔ le Biblia me wòɖe dzesi. Woyɔ eŋkɔ zi gbɔ zi 1,138; wozã nyagbɔgblɔ “Dawid ƒe Aƒe”—si fia Dawid ƒe fiaƒomea—zi gbɔ zi 25. (Samuel I, 20:16, NW) Ðe Fia Dawid kple eƒe fiaƒomea nye nyakpakpa dzro koa? Nukae tomenukuku ɖe fia? Wogblɔ be tomenu aɖe si ŋu woke ɖo nyitsɔ laa le tomenukuƒe aɖe si le Tel Dan le Galilea ƒe dziehe gome la ɖo kpe Dawid kple eƒe fiaƒome si woyɔ le ŋutinya me la dzi.

Le ƒe 1993 ƒe dzomeŋɔli la, Nufialagã Avraham Biran nɔ ŋgɔ na tomenukuha aɖe wolɔ nuwo ɖa le teƒe aɖe si le blema Dan ƒe gotagbo la godo. Woke ɖe takpeƒe si ƒe anyigba dzi woɖo kpewo ɖo la ŋu. Woho kpe sesẽ yibɔɔ aɖe si do nu ɖa tso tome la doe bɔbɔe. Esi wotrɔ kpea do ɖe ŋdɔkutsua nu la, ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo dze nyuie. Nufialagã Biran do ɣli be: “Oo, nye Mawu, woŋlɔ nu ɖe edzi!”

Nufialagã Biran kple eƒe zɔhɛ, Nufialagã Joseph Naveh si tso Hebri Yunivɛsiti le Yerusalem la ŋlɔ dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe nyatakaka tso nuŋɔŋlɔa ŋu enumake. Nyati si dze le magazine si nye Biblical Archaeology Review, March kple April 1994 tɔ me, si wotu ɖe nyatakaka sia dzi la xlẽ be: “Menye ɣesiaɣie woƒoa nu le nusi ŋu woke ɖo le tomenukuku me ŋu le New York Times (kaka wòahanye Time magazine) ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa dzi o. Gake nu mae dzɔ le dzomeŋɔli si va yi le nusi ŋu woke ɖo le Tel Dan, si nye kpo dzeani aɖe si le Galilea ƒe dziehe gome, le Hermon-to gɔme, si te ɖe Yordan Tɔsisi ƒe tsidzɔƒewo dometɔ ɖeka ŋu.

“Afimae Avraham Biran kple eƒe tomenukuha me tɔwo ke ɖe nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖedzesi aɖe si woŋlɔ tso ƒe alafa asieke lia D.M.Ŋ. me la ŋu, si ƒo nu le ‘Dawid ƒe Aƒe’ kple ‘Israel-fia’ siaa ŋu. Esiae nye zi gbãtɔ si wokpɔ ŋkɔ Dawid le blemanuŋlɔɖi aɖe me le Biblia megbe. Nusi gaɖe dzesi wu kura enye be nuŋɔŋlɔa meƒo nu le ‘Dawid’ aɖe ko ŋu o ke boŋ Dawid ƒe Aƒe, Israel-fia gã la ƒe fiaƒomea ŋue wòƒo nu le.

“‘Israel-fia’ nye nyagbɔgblɔ si dzena le Biblia me zi geɖe, vevietɔ le Fiawo ƒe Agbalẽ me. Gake, ɖewohĩ nusiae nye Yudatɔwo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ xoxotɔ kekeake si ƒo nu le Israel ŋu le Biblia la megbe. Ne nuŋɔŋlɔ sia ɖo kpe nane dzi hã la, nusi to vovo na agbalẽnyalagã siwo daa Biblia ɖe anyi ƒe nyagbɔgblɔe wòɖe fia be Israel kple Yuda siaa nye fiaɖuƒe vevi aɖewo le ɣeyiɣi ma me.”

Nusi dzi wonɔ te ɖo hafi nya eƒe ɣeyiɣie nye ŋɔŋlɔdzesiawo ƒe nɔnɔme, ŋkuléle ɖe zememe siwo wofɔ le kpe kakɛa gbɔ lɔƒo ŋu, kple nya siwo nuŋɔŋlɔa gblɔ. Mɔnu etɔ̃awo katã fia asi ɣeyiɣi ɖeka, ƒe alafa asieke lia D.M.Ŋ. me, awu ƒe alafa ɖeka le Fia Dawid megbe. Agbalẽnyalagãwo xɔ se be aʋadziɖuɖu ƒe ŋkuɖodzikpe ƒe akpa aɖee nuŋlɔɖia nye, si “Israel-fia” kple “Dawid ƒe Aƒe [ƒe Fia]” siaa ƒe futɔ Aramtɔ aɖe tu ɖe Dan. Aramtɔwo, amesiwo dea ta agu na ahommawu xɔŋkɔ si nye Hadad la, nɔ ɣedzeƒe gome.

Wogafɔ nuŋlɔɖikpe sia ƒe kakɛ eve bubu le ƒe 1994 ƒe dzomeŋɔli me. Nufialagã Biran ka nya ta be: “Aramtɔwo ƒe mawu Hadad, ƒe ŋkɔ dze le kpe kakɛ eve siawo dzi, eye wogaƒo nu le aʋa si Israel-viwo kple Aramtɔwo wɔ ŋu.”

Nuŋɔŋlɔ fli 13 siwo ƒe akpa aɖewo medze nyuie o si wotsɔ Hebri ŋɔŋlɔdzesi xoxotɔ ŋlɔe la dze le kpe kakɛ ŋutɔŋutɔ si wofɔ le ƒe 1993 me la dzi. Ɣemaɣi la, tɔtɔdzesiwoe wotsɔ mãa nyawo me si dea vovo nyawo dome le nuŋlɔɖiwo me. Gake wotsɔ ŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo nye “bytdwd” (woɖe egɔme va roman-ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo me) ŋlɔ “Dawid ƒe Aƒe” wònye nya ɖeka, le esi teƒe be woaŋlɔe be “byt” (aƒe), tɔtɔdzesi nava, eye “dwd” (Dawid), nakplɔe ɖo hafi. Eme kɔ be amewo bia nya ku ɖe “bytdwd” ƒe gɔmeɖeɖe ŋu.

Nufialagã Anson Rainey si nye gbegbɔgblɔŋutinunyala bibi ɖe eme be: “Joseph Naveh kple Avraham Biran meɖe nuŋɔŋlɔa me tsitotsito o, ɖewohĩ esi wosusu be amewo anya be zi geɖe la, womedea tɔtɔdzesi si mãa nya si le akpa eve me le nuŋɔŋlɔ ma tɔgbe me o, vevietɔ ne nyaƒokpli la nye nuŋkɔ si wonya nyuie la tae. ‘Dawid ƒe Aƒe’ nye dunyahehe kple anyigbaŋutinunya me ŋkɔ ma tɔgbe vavã le ƒe alafa asiekelia D.M.Ŋ. me ƒe domedome lɔƒo.”

Tomenu Bubu ƒe Ðaseɖiɖi

Nufialagã André Lemaire si bi ɖe Mesa-nuŋlɔɖikpe (wogayɔnɛ hã be Moabitɔwo ƒe Kpe) ƒe nyawo me la ka nya ta le nufɔfɔ ma megbe be kpe sia hã ƒo nu le “Dawid ƒe Aƒe”a ŋu. Nu geɖe le Mesa-nuŋlɔɖikpe si wofɔ le ƒe 1868 me la dzi si sɔ kple Tel Dan nuŋlɔɖikpe la tɔ. Evea siaa tso ƒe alafa asiekelia D.M.Ŋ. me, nu ɖekae wotsɔ wɔ woe, woƒe lolome de sɔsɔ ge, eye Yudatɔwo ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ si me woŋlɔ wo ɖo la sɔ kple wo nɔewo kloe.

Nufialagã Lemaire ŋlɔ nu le Mesa-nuŋlɔɖikpea ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe fli ɖeka si gblẽ eye wogbugbɔe ɖɔ ɖo ŋu be: “Ƒe eve kloe do ŋgɔ hafi wova fɔ Tel Dan kpe kakɛa la, megblɔ be Mesa-nuŋlɔɖikpea gblɔ nya aɖe le ‘Dawid ƒe Aƒe’ ŋu. . . . Nusita womede dzesi nya sia si wògblɔ le ‘Dawid ƒe Aƒe’ ŋu o la ate ŋu anye be esi womewɔ editio princeps [gɔmeɖeɖe gbãtɔ] akuakua aɖeke le Mesa-nuŋlɔɖikpea ŋu o tae. Nu ma wɔm mele, le esi wofɔ Mesa-nuŋlɔɖikpea ƒe 125 megbee nye sia.”

Míetsɔ ɖe le nya siwo tomenukulawo gblɔ la me elabena mawudɔla aɖe, Yesu ŋutɔ, eƒe nusrɔ̃lawo, kple ame geɖe ɖo kpe Dawid si woyɔ le ŋutinya me la dzi. (Mateo 1:1; 12:3; 21:9; Luka 1:32; Dɔwɔwɔwo 2:29) Edze ƒã be nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo le tomenukuku me la ɖo kpe edzi be eya kple eƒe fiaƒome, “Dawid ƒe Aƒe” la, nye nyateƒenya, menye nyakpakpa o.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 31]

Tel Dan kpe kakɛ la,* wofɔe le ƒe 1993 me le Dan, le dziehe Galilea

* Foto si dze le Israel Exploration Journal me dzie míenɔ te ɖo ta nu sia.