Komplutensia Biblia Si Le Gbe Vovovowo Me Gbegɔmeɖegbalẽ Xɔŋkɔ Aɖee Wònye

LE ƑE 1455 me lɔƒo la, tɔtrɔ gã aɖe va le Biblia tata gome. Johannes Gutenberg zã agbalẽtamɔ̃ tsɔ ta Biblia zi gbãtɔ. Biblia ŋɔŋlɔ kple asi, si wɔe be ame ʋɛ aɖewo ko sie wònɔ, ƒe kuxia nu yi mlɔeba. Azɔ ko, woate ŋu ata Biblia geɖe evɔ mahiã gazazã gbogbo aɖeke o. Eteƒe madidi o, Biblia ava zu agbalẽ si wotana wu le xexeame.

Latingbe mee Gutenberg ƒe Biblia la nɔ. Gake eteƒe medidi o, Europa gbalẽnyalawo va kpɔe dze sii be yewohiã Biblia aɖe si dzi yewoate ŋu aka ɖo si le gbe gbãtɔ siwo me woŋlɔe ɖo—si nye Hebri kple Hela gbe—me. Katolikoha la bua Latingbe me Vulgate la be eya koe nye Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe si dzi woda asi ɖo, ke hã kplamatsedonu vevi eve nɔ anyi. Le ƒe 1500-awo me la, ame akpa gãtɔ mese Latingbe o. Hekpe ɖe eŋu la, le ƒe akpe ɖeka siwo do ŋgɔ me la, nugbugbɔgaŋlɔlawo ƒe vodada geɖe va nɔ Vulgate gɔmeɖeɖe si li la me.

Gbegɔmeɖelawo kple agbalẽnyalawo siaa hiã Biblia aɖe si le gbe gbãtɔ siwo me woŋlɔe ɖo me, kpakple Latingbe me gɔmeɖeɖe aɖe si ŋu wotrɔ asi le. Le ƒe 1502 me la, papatenɔla Jiménez de Cisneros, si nye Spain Fianyɔnu Isabella I ƒe dunyahehe kple mawusubɔsubɔ ŋuti ɖaŋuɖola, ɖoe be yeakpɔ woƒe hiahiãwo gbɔ na wo to agbalẽ ɖeka aɖe ko dzi. Wova yɔ gbegɔmeɖegbalẽ xɔŋkɔ sia be Komplutensia Biblia si Le Gbe Vovovowo Me. Cisneros ƒe taɖodzinue nye be yeata Biblia aɖe si me nyawo sɔ nyuie si anɔ gbe vovovo siwo nye Hebri, Hela, kple Latin me eye eƒe akpa aɖewo hã nanɔ Aramgbe me. Woto agbalẽtata vɛ teti koe nye ema, eyata dɔ sia wɔwɔ hã anye ŋgɔyiyi ɖedzesi aɖe le go sia me.

Cisneros dze dɔ sia si bia agbagbadzedze kple ŋkuléleɖenuŋu geɖe la gɔme to Hebrigbe me Biblia-gbalẽ siwo woŋlɔ kple asi le blema, siwo bɔ le Spain, la ƒeƒle gɔme. Eƒo Hela kple Latin gbe me asinuŋɔŋlɔ vovovowo hã nu ƒu. Esiawo dzie woanɔ te ɖo aɖe Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia la gɔme. Cisneros bia tso agbalẽnyalawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si wòɖo le Alcalá de Henares ƒe Yunivɛsiti si woɖo ɖe Spain eteƒe medidi o, la si be woawɔ gbegɔmeɖeɖedɔ sia. Agbalẽnyala siwo si wòbia tso be woawɔ dɔa dometɔ ɖekae nye Erasmus si tso Rotterdam, gake gbegbɔgblɔŋutinunyala xɔŋkɔ sia gbe.

Agbalẽnyala siawo tsɔ ƒe ewo ƒo nya siwo le agbalẽa me le gbe vovovowo me la nu ƒu, eye wozã ƒe ene bubu ɖe agbalẽa ŋutɔ tata ŋu. Wodo go mɔ̃ɖaŋuŋutinunya me kuxi geɖe elabena Hebri, Hela, alo Aram gbe me agbalẽtata me ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo menɔ Spaingbe me agbalẽtalawo si o. Eyata Cisneros xɔ Arnaldo Guillermo Brocario, si nye agbalẽtala gã aɖe, be wòawɔ agbalẽtata me ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo le gbe siawo me. Mlɔeba le ƒe 1514 me la, agbalẽtalawo dze Bibliawo tata gɔme. Wowu babla adeawo tata nu le July 10, 1517 dzi, si nye ɣleti ene tututu do ŋgɔ na papatenɔlaa ƒe ku. Wota Biblia sia ƒe bablawo katã, ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo ade alafa ade, eye enye nusi wɔ moyaa be ɣemaɣi tututue Spaintɔwo ƒe Ŋutasẽʋɔnu la ɖo eƒe sesẽƒe kekeake.a

Alesi Woɖo Nuwo Ðe Biblia Sia Mee

Nyatakaka gbogbo aɖe dze le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia la ƒe axa ɖesiaɖe. Le babla ene siwo me Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo le me la, Vulgate gɔmeɖeɖea le axa ɖesiaɖe titina; Hebri ŋɔŋlɔa le axaa ƒe akpa si le eto; eye Hela gɔmeɖeɖe, si me nyawo gɔme wogaɖe ɖe Latingbe me, la le axaa ƒe akpa si le ememe. Azɔ nyakui siwo ƒo ƒu wɔ Hebrigbe me nyawo dze le axaa ƒe akpa siwo nɔa ƒuƒlu zi geɖe la. Eye le axa siwo Mose ƒe Agbalẽ Atɔ̃awo dze le dometɔ ɖesiaɖe te la, Targum of Onkelos (si nye Biblia ƒe agbalẽ atɔ̃ gbãtɔawo si wogbugbɔ ŋlɔ ɖe Aramgbe me) kpakple Latingbe me gɔmeɖeɖe aɖe dze le afima.

Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawoe le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia la ƒe babla atɔ̃lia, si ƒe axa ɖesiaɖe woma ɖe akpa eve, la me. Akpa ɖeka nye Helagbe me gɔmeɖeɖe, eye evelia nye Latingbe me gɔmeɖeɖe si dze le Vulgate la me. Woŋlɔ ŋɔŋlɔdzesi suesuesue aɖewo ɖe gɔmeɖeɖe evea siaa me siwo akpe ɖe nuxlẽlaa ŋu wòakpɔ Helagbe me nya aɖe kple alesi woɖe egɔmee ɖe Latingbe me. Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia sia ƒe akpa si le Helagbe me ye nye Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo, alo “Nubabla Yeye,” me gbalẽ gbãtɔ, si le blibo si wota, eye le esia megbe kpuie la, wota Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo si Erasmus ŋlɔ.

Agbalẽnyala siwo gbugbɔ xlẽ babla atɔ̃lia me ŋɔŋlɔawo la to eme nyuie ale gbegbe be vodada 50 koe tsi eme esime wotae. Alesi agbalẽnyala siawo lé be na dɔa vevie alea na egbegbe numedzrolawo bui be ede ŋgɔ wu Erasmus ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔ xɔŋkɔ la. Helagbe me agbalẽtata me ŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo wozã la nya kpɔ ŋutɔ eye wosɔ kple alesi wotsɔ asi ŋlɔ woe le asinuŋɔŋlɔ xoxo siwo li la me. R. Proctor gblɔ le eƒe agbalẽ si nye The Printing of Greek in the Fifteenth Century (Helagbe me Gbalẽwo Tata le Ƒe Alafa Wuiatɔ̃lia Me) me be: “Helagbe me agbalẽtata me ŋɔŋlɔdzesi gbãtɔ siwo woŋlɔ le Spain lae nye Helagbe me agbalẽtata me nuŋɔŋlɔ nyuitɔ kekeake siwo li.”

Nu vovovo siwo akpe ɖe ame ŋu le Biblia sɔsrɔ̃ me la dze le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia sia ƒe babla adelia me: Woawoe nye Hebri kple Aram gbe me nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ aɖe, Hela, Hebri, kple Aram gbe me ŋkɔwo gɔmeɖeɖe, Hebrigbe me gbeŋutise, kple nyagɔmeɖegbalẽa me nyawo diƒe aɖe si le Latingbe me. Eyata mewɔ nuku o be wokafu Komplutensia Biblia si Le Gbe Vovovowo Me la be enye “agbalẽtata me nuŋɔŋlɔwo ƒe aɖaŋudɔ kple Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋutinunya ƒe ŋkuɖodzinu.”

Cisneros ƒe susue nye be yeƒe dɔa “nagbugbɔ anyɔ ɖetsɔleme ɖe ŋɔŋlɔawo sɔsrɔ̃, si bu vaseɖe ɣemaɣi, la ŋu,” ke hã medi be Biblia nasu ame tsɛwo si o. Esusui be “ele be woaɣla Mawu ƒe Nya la nyuie ale be wòagaka ame tsɛwo si o.” Exɔe se hã be “ele be Ŋɔŋlɔawo nanɔ blemagbe etɔ̃ siwo me Mawu ɖe mɔ woŋlɔ nu ɖo le Via si woklã ɖe ati ŋu ƒe tagbe ɖeɖeko me.”b Le susu sia ta la, Spaingbe me gɔmeɖeɖe aɖeke menɔ Komplutensia Biblia si Le Gbe Vovovowo Me la me o.

Vulgate la Kple Gbegbɔgblɔ Gbãtɔawo

Nusiwo le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia sia me la na masɔmasɔ aɖewo ɖo agbalẽnyala siwo kpɔ gome le dɔa wɔwɔ me la dome. Wobia tso Spain agbalẽnyala xɔŋkɔ si nye Antonio de Nebrijac si be wòagbugbɔ ato Vulgate gɔmeɖeɖe si adze le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia me la me. Togbɔ be Katolikoha la bua Vulgate si gɔme Jerome ɖe be eya koe nye gɔmeɖeɖe si ŋu woɖe mɔ ɖo hã la, Nebrija kpɔe be ehiã be woatsɔ Vulgate la asɔ kple ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔ siwo le Hebri, Aram, kple Hela gbe me. Edi be yeaɖɔ vodada siwo dze le Vulgate la ƒe tata siwo li me ɖo.

Be Nebrija naɖɔ vovototo siwo le Vulgate la kple gbegbɔgblɔ gbãtɔawo dome ɖo la, exlɔ̃ nu Cisneros be: “Na míaƒe subɔsubɔha ƒe akakati eveawo, siwo nye Hebri kple Hela gbeawo, nagaklẽ vie wu. Ðo eteƒe na amesiwo atsɔ wo ɖokui aɖo anyi ɖe dɔ sia wɔwɔ ŋu.” Eye eɖo aɖaŋu sia hã: “Ɣesiaɣi si vovototo aɖe adze le Nubabla Yeyea me Latin me gbalẽ siwo woŋlɔ kple asi me la, ele be míagbugbɔ ayi Helagbe me asinuŋɔŋlɔawo gbɔ. Ɣesiaɣi si vovototo aɖe adze le Latin me asinuŋɔŋlɔ vovovo siwo li dome, alo le Latin kple Nubabla Xoxoa me Hela asinuŋɔŋlɔ siwo li dome la, ele be míadzro eme ana wòasɔ kple Hebrigbe me ŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔ vavãtɔawo.”

Aleke Cisneros wɔ nu ɖe nya siawo nui? Le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia la ƒe ŋgɔdonya si wòŋlɔ me la, egblɔ nusi nye eƒe nukpɔsusu la wòdze ƒã. “Míeda Jerome yayratɔ la ƒe Latingbe me gɔmeɖeɖea ɖe Ƒuƒoƒea [Hebri ŋɔŋlɔa] tɔ kple Ɣedzeƒe Sɔlemea [Hela ŋɔŋlɔa] tɔ domedome, abe alesi ko woklã fiafitɔawo ɖe Yesu, amesi tsi tre ɖi na Roma alo Latin Sɔlemea, ƒe axa eveawo dzi, ene.” Eyata Cisneros meɖe mɔ Nebrija ɖɔ Latingbe me Vulgate la ɖo wòwɔ ɖeka kple gbegbɔgblɔ gbãtɔ me ŋɔŋlɔawo o. Mlɔeba la, Nebrija tiae be yeaɖe asi le dɔa ŋu tsɔ wu be woayɔ yeƒe ŋkɔ ɖe agbalẽ aɖe si me nyawo mesɔ o ŋu.

Comma Johanneum

Togbɔ be Alcalá de Henares Gbe Vovovo me Biblia la nye nu vevi aɖe si na wota Biblia si gɔme anya se wu ɖe gbegbɔgblɔ gbãtɔ siwo me woŋlɔe ɖo me hã la, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, wobu kɔnyinyiwo ŋu wu agbalẽnyalawo ƒe nunya. Wode asixɔxɔ Vulgate la ŋu ale gbegbe be ezi nuŋɔŋlɔmetolawo dzi be wotrɔ asi le “Nubabla Yeye” la ƒe Hela ŋɔŋlɔa ŋu be wòawɔ ɖeka kple Latingbe me tɔa le esi woaɖɔ Latingbe me tɔa boŋ ɖo teƒe. Eƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖekae nye kpukpui nyanyɛ aɖe si wokpa si woyɔna be comma Johanneum.d Nyagbɔgblɔ sia medze le Helagbe me asinuŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔwo dometɔ aɖeke me o, eye edze ƒã be Yohanes ŋlɔ eƒe lɛtaa ƒe alafa geɖe megbe hafi wova tsɔe kpee; eye nenema kee medze le Vulgate la ƒe Latingbe me asinuŋɔŋlɔ xoxotɔ kekeake siwo li me o. Eyata Erasmus ɖe nya sia si wokpa kpee la ɖa le eƒe Helagbe me “Nubabla Yeye” la me.

Esesẽ na Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔmetolawo be woaɖe kpukpui aɖe si dze le Vulgate, si wolɔ̃a zazã ƒe alafa geɖewoe nye ema, me la ɖa le eme. Eyata woɖe asi le kpukpui sia si wokpa kpee la ŋu eye wotiae be yewoaɖe egɔme ahadee Helagbe me ŋɔŋlɔa hã me ale be nya siwo dze le gbe eveawo me nasɔ kple wo nɔewo.

Wonɔ Te Ðe Edzi Ðe Biblia Gɔme ɖe Gbe Bubuwo Me

Menye esi woɖe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo ƒe agbalẽ siwo katã dze le Septuagint la me gɔme ɖe Komplutensia Biblia si Le Gbe Vovovowo Me ɖeɖekoe na asixɔxɔ le eŋu o. Abe alesi ko Helagbe me “Nubabla Yeye” si Erasmus ŋlɔ va zu Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me Nya Siwo Woxɔ (si dzi wonɔ te ɖo ɖe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔme ɖe gbe bubuwo me) ene la, nenema kee Hebri ŋɔŋlɔ si le Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia la me nye Hebri kple Aram gbe me ŋɔŋlɔ si dzi wonɔ te ɖo ɖe Biblia bubuwo gɔme.e William Tyndale zã Gbe Vovovowo me Biblia sia wònye Hebri ŋɔŋlɔ si dzi wònɔ te ɖo ɖe Biblia gɔme ɖe Eŋlisigbe me.

Eyata agbalẽnyalawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo si wɔ dɔ le Komplutensia Biblia si Le Gbe Vovovowo Me ŋu la wɔ akpa vevi aɖe le Ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋutinunya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi me. Ɣeyiɣi si me amewo va tsɔ ɖe le Biblia me le Europa godoo, si ʋã amewo be woaɖe egɔme ɖe gbe siwo ame geɖe dona me, lae wotae. Gbe Vovovowo Me Biblia la nye nu vevi siwo wɔe be wotrɔ asi le Hela kple Hebri ŋɔŋlɔ siwo nɔ anyi ŋu wo me kɔ hekpɔ wo ta, la dometɔ ɖeka. Agbagbadzedze siawo katã le ɖekawɔwɔ me kple Mawu ƒe tameɖoɖo, si nye be ‘Yehowa ƒe nya si me kɔ,’ “mía Mawu ƒe nya anɔ anyi tegbee.”—Psalmo 18:31; Yesaya 40:8; Petro I, 1:25.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

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Papatenɔla Jiménez de Cisneros

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Antonio de Nebrija

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid