Mɛni Hewɔ Esa Akɛ Okpɛlɛɔ Susumɔ Heei Anɔ?

BENI afua ni ewo lɛ wo ehe nɔ fiofio kɛjɛ ehiɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Amerika asraafonyo, Matthew C. Perry yadamɔ elɛlɛ ni emaŋ aflaŋaa ma nɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Susquehanna lɛ nɔ ni ekwɛ Fuji Gɔŋ lɛ. Eeshwe ni ena Japan, ni yɛ beni enyiɛ ŋshɔ hiɛ yɛ nɔ ni fe nyɔji kpawo sɛɛ lɛ, naagbee mli lɛ, eyashɛ jɛmɛ yɛ July 8, 1853. Asraafonyo nɛɛ kane amaniɛbɔi fɛɛ ni enine shɛ nɔ yɛ maŋ nɛɛ he lɛ. Mɛni hewɔ? Ejaakɛ etswa efai shi akɛ ebaagbele “maŋtsɛyeli ni etse lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe” nɛɛ naa eha je lɛ.

Lɛ diɛŋtsɛ etse ehe lɛlɛŋ! Yɛ nɔ ni fe afii 200 ni etsɔ hiɛ lɛ mli lɛ, Japan kɛ maji krokomɛi fɛɛ fo jarayeli kɛ maŋ nifeemɔi fɛɛ amli ni eshwɛ China, Korea kɛ Holland pɛ. Kɛkɛ ni maŋ lɛ yata shi shwɛm ni enɔ fɛɛ nɔ esa ehiɛ. Yɛ nakai shihilɛ lɛ mli lɛ, ebatamɔ mɛi aŋkroaŋkroi ni teɔ shi woɔ susumɔi heei ni amɛkpooɔ akɛ amɛaabo susumɔi ni kɛ amɛnɔ kpaaa gbee lɛ atoi lɛ. Yɛ gbɛi komɛi anɔ lɛ, enɛ baanyɛ ashɛje mɔ mii, ejaakɛ susumɔi heei haaa mɔ anyɛ amu sane naa, ni ewoɔ mɔ he gbeyei po. Shi ani shidaamɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ ji nilee gbɛ? Susumɔ nɔ ni jɛ Japan hetsemɔ susumɔi kɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ amli ba lɛ he okwɛ.

Mɛni kɛ Japan Hetsemɔ Nɛɛ Ba?

Japan tseee ehe kɛkɛ ni yiŋtoo ko bɛ sɛɛ. Yɛ 1549 mli lɛ, Jesuit maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpashiɛlɔ Francis Xavier yashɛ Japan koni egbɛ jamɔ lɛ eshwa yɛ jɛmɛ. Yɛ be kukuoo mli lɛ, Roman Katolek hemɔkɛyeli lɛ bafee nɔ ni ehe shi yɛ nakai shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ. Nɔyelɔi ni yɔɔ nakai beaŋ lɛ kɛ Buddhabii ajamɔ mli atuatsemɔ ko kpe ni amɛna nɔ ko ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ Katolekbii lɛ hu ateŋ. No hewɔ lɛ, atsi Katolek jamɔ lɛ naa, eyɛ mli akɛ afeee shɛii yɛ nɛkɛ naatsii nɛɛ mli moŋ.

Akɛni Japan nɔyelɔi lɛ tsɛɔ Japan “ŋwɛi maŋ” hewɔ lɛ, amɛfeko amɛyiŋ kwraa akɛ amɛbaaŋmɛ “Kristofoi” ajamɔ ko gbɛ ni ebate shi ewo amɛ gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, mɛni hewɔ mɔ ni amɛfeee shɛii yɛ naatsii ni amɛkɛba Katolek jamɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ mli? Ejaakɛ Katolek maŋsɛɛ sanekpakpashiɛlɔi lɛ kɛ Portugiibii aguɔyeli lɛji ba, ni nɔyeli lɛ na miishɛɛ waa yɛ sɛɛnamɔ ni baajɛ lɛji nɛɛ amli aba lɛ hewɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, amɛ gbeyeishemɔ akɛ Katolekbii nɛɛ baanyɛ ana Japanbii anɔ hewalɛ fiofio lɛ ye nɔyelɔi lɛ asuɔmɔ kɛha jarayeli lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, amɛwo maŋsɛɛ jarayeli, gbɛfaa kɛ “Kristofoi” ahe mlai ni mli wala.

Beni “Kristofoi” ni awaa amɛ yi ni amɛyɔɔ shihilɛi ni mli wa mli lɛ te shi amɛwo amɛ nɔyelɔ ni kwɛɔ amɛshikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ, ebafite sane lɛ kwraa. Maŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ mli nɔyeli lɛ bu nɛkɛ shitee-kɛ-woo nɛɛ akɛ Katolekbii atuatsemɔ ko, ni enɛ ha Shogunate nɔyeli lɛ shwie Portugiibii lɛ ni egu Japanbii ni amɛkafa gbɛ kɛtee maŋsɛɛ. Yɛ be mli ni awo nɛkɛ mla nɛɛ yɛ 1639 mli sɛɛ lɛ, Japan hetsemɔ lɛ bafee nɔ ni anaa faŋŋ agbɛnɛ.

Anaigbɛ maŋ pɛ ni aŋmɛ lɛ gbɛ ni etee nɔ ekɛ Japan ye jara ji Dutchbii lɛ, ni abua amɛ fɛɛ amɛnaa awo ŋshɔkpɔ bibioo ni yɔɔ Nagasaki lɛji adaamɔ he lɛ ni atsɛɔ lɛ Dejima lɛ mli. Yɛ afii 200 ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli lɛ, Anaigbɛ bii anifeemɔ ba Japan fiofio kɛtsɔ Dejima ni amɛnine eshɛ nɔ ekoŋŋ lɛ pɛ nɔ. Daa afi lɛ, onukpa ni kwɛɔ ŋshɔkpɔ lɛ jarayeli gbɛjianɔtoo nɔ lɛ ŋmaa “Dutch Amaniɛbɔɔ,” ni enɛ haa nɔyeli lɛ leɔ nɔ ni yaa nɔ yɛ maji krokomɛi anɔ. Shi Shogunate nɔyeli lɛ kwɛɔ jogbaŋŋ ni mɔ ko akana nɛkɛ amaniɛbɔi nɛɛ ekane. No hewɔ lɛ Japanbii lɛ hi shi yɛ hetsemɔ mli aahu kɛyashi Asraafonyo Nukpa Perry yashi amɛshinaa lɛ yɛ 1853.

Hetsemɔ Lɛ Naagbee

Beni Perry lɛji diji agboi lɛ nyiɛ Edo Ŋshɔ Nine lɛ mli kɛbaa lɛ, amɛwo lasu waa, ni eha maŋ lɛ mli wolɛi ni na lɛ anaa kpɛ amɛhe ni amɛsusu akɛ amɛji gɔji ni miifa lasu ni miinyiɛ kɛmiiba. Edo maŋ lɛ mli bii, (amrɔ nɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Tokyo) lɛ atsui fa waa, ni amɛteaŋ mɛi pii loo amɛnibii ni amɛjo foi kɛshi maŋ lɛ mli. Nɛkɛ maŋ shimɔ nɛɛ tee nɔ aahu akɛ ehe bahia ni nɔyeli lɛ atswa adafi koni no aha maŋbii lɛ atsui anyɔ amɛmli.

Jeee nɛkɛ lɛji wuji ni Asraafonyo Nukpa Perry nyiɛ amɛhiɛ kɛba nɛɛ pɛ ha maŋbii lɛ anaa kpɛ amɛhe, shi nikeenii ni ekɛba lɛ hu. Amɛnaa kpɛ amɛhe yɛ tsɔnei ni amɛtsɔ nɔ amɛwie amɛtsɔɔ amɛ kɛjɛ shia kome mli kɛtee ekroko mli lɛ hu he. Wolo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan ni aŋma yɛ Perry gbɛtsɔɔmɔ shishi lɛ gbaa bɔ ni Japan maŋ onukpai ni mii eshɛ amɛhe lɛ tumɔ amɛbote oketeke bibioo ko “ni nyɛŋ ewo gbekɛ ni eye afii ekpaa po lɛ mli.” Ni Japan maŋ onukpa ni abuɔ lɛ waa ko po tsotsoro eyiteŋ “ni kɔɔyɔɔ miitswa etade yuu lɛ kɛmiibɔle ehe.”

Perry gbɛfaa ni ji enyɔ kɛ jɛmɛ yaa yɛ afi ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli lɛ kumɔ Japan maŋ lɛ naa agboi lɛ kwraa ni egbele maŋ lɛ naa efɔ shi agbɛnɛ. Nɔyeli lɛ hu ŋmɛɛ ehe eha nɔnyɛɛ lɛ, ni egbele maŋ lɛ naa. Mɛi ni hetsemɔ mumɔ lɛ eyi amɛ obɔ ni amɛmiisumɔ ni amɛhiɛ Japan hetsemɔ lɛ mli lolo lɛ bɔi awuiyeli kɛ nitsumɔ, ni amɛgbe nɔyeli lɛ mli maŋ sɔɔlɔ nukpa fe fɛɛ lɛ, ni amɛtutua maŋsɛɛbii hu. Nɛkɛ hetsemɔ bii nɛɛ ateŋ nuŋtsɔmɛi lɛ ekomɛi tswia maŋsɛɛ lɛji atui po. Shi kɛlɛ, amɛ awuiyeli lɛ sɛɛ fo, ni lumɔ lɛ he nɔyeli lɛ yɛ Tokugawa Shogunate amralofoi lɛ adɛŋ.

Beni Perry gbele Japan shinaa lɛ, no mli lɛ Anaigbɛ maji lɛ eshɛ maŋ lɛ mli momo kɛtsɔ Dadei Ahe Nitsumɔi Amli Hiɛyaa lɛ nɔ. Akɛni Japan tse ehe hewɔ lɛ, ashi lɛ yɛ sɛɛ shɔŋŋ. Maji ni etee hiɛ yɛ dadei ahe nitsumɔ lɛ mli kɛ lamɔ hewalɛ miitsu nii waa. Beni shɛɔ 1830 afii lɛ amli lɛ, akɛ tsɔnei ni lamɔ hewalɛ tsiɔ eyisɛɛ miitsu nii babaoo. Japan hetsemɔ lɛ eha ekpe sɛɛ waa yɛ dadei ahe nitsumɔ mli. Ni Japanbii amaŋ najiaŋdamɔlɔi ni tee Europa klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ nu enɛ he waa. Yɛ be mli ni amɛtee nibii ni ajie kpo atsɔɔ yɛ London yɛ 1862 lɛ shishi lɛ, Japan nibii ni ekɛba lɛ ji nibii ni akɛ wolo kɛ tso efee sɔŋŋ, tamɔ nibii “ni akɛbaatsɔɔ yɛ blema nibii ashwapo ko mli,” taakɛ bɔ ni mɛi ni tee ni naa kpɛ amɛhe lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome kɛɛ lɛ.

Japanbii amaŋ najiaŋdamɔlɔi ni tee Europa kɛ U.S. Amerika lɛ na akɛ ehe miihia ni amɛmaŋ lɛ kɛ ehe awo dadei ahe nitsumɔ mli, ni amɛkɛ oyaiyeli gbala nɔyaai kɛ susumɔi heei kɛba maŋ lɛ mli. Afii nyɔŋmai ekpaa kɛ ejwɛ yɛ Perry klɛŋklɛŋ jɛmɛ yaa sɛɛ lɛ, mɛi ni ekɛtee lɛ ateŋ naagbee mɔ ni hiɛ ka lolo lɛ tee eyasara Japan ni ekɛɛ: “Hiɛyaa ni eba Japan yɛ nɔ ni fa fioo fe afii nyɔŋmai ekpaa ni eho nɛ lɛ ha minaa kpɛ mihe.”

No hewɔ lɛ, Japan hetsemɔ mla lɛ tsi hewalɛ ni eyɔɔ ni ekɛaaya ehiɛ lɛ naa. Eshinai ni egbele eha susumɔi hee lɛ ha maŋ’lɛ na he sɛɛ yɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi babaoo nɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, mɛi pii wieɔ “jwɛŋmɔ mli hetsemɔ” ni yɔɔ aŋkroaŋkroi babaoo amli lɛ he ni amɛkɛɔ akɛ eji naagba ko ni sa akɛ ana naa. Lɛlɛŋ, ni mɔ ko aaaye henumɔ ni eyɔɔ ni eketeɔ shi ewoɔ susumɔi heei anɔ lɛ ji naagba, jeee kɛha Japanbii pɛ kɛkɛ shi moŋ kɛha adesai fɛɛ. Ni te nɛkɛ “jwɛŋmɔ mli hetsemɔ” nɛɛ kɔɔ ohe ehaa tɛŋŋ? Ani Obaana susumɔi heei ni oookpɛlɛ nɔ lɛ ahe sɛɛ, taakɛ Japan fee yɛ 1850 afii lɛ amli lɛ?