Afii 50 Mɔdɛŋbɔɔ ni Efee Efolo
“WƆ, JEŊMAJI EKOMEFEEMƆ LƐ MLI BII LƐ, ETSWA WƆFAI SHI AKƐ wɔbaabaa yinɔi ni baanyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ ayi kɛjɛ ta mli amanehului, ni kɛ awerɛhoyeli babaoo eba adesai anɔ shii enyɔ sɔŋŋ yɛ wɔshihilɛ be mli lɛ mli, ni wɔmiima adesai ashishijee hegbɛi, kɛ gbɔmɔ adesa woo kɛ bulɛ ni sa lɛ, kɛ hii kɛ yei kɛ jeŋmaji wuji kɛ bibii fɛɛ ahegbɛi ni ŋmɛɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli ni wɔyɔɔ lɛ nɔ mi, . . .”—Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ mla hegbɛ lɛ hiɛkpamɔ wiemɔ.
OCTOBER 24, 1995, feɔ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ afii 50 pɛpɛɛpɛ namɔ. Emli bii ni ji Maji 185 ni yɔɔ mli amrɔ nɛɛ lɛ fɛɛ etuu amɛhe amɛha gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ shishitoo mlai kɛ otii ni mamɔ amɛhiɛ, taakɛ atsɔɔ yɛ nakai mla hegbɛ lɛ mli lɛ: ni amɛhiɛ majimaji ateŋ toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe feemɔ mli; ni akɛtsĩ tutuamɔ nifeemɔi ni woɔ jeŋ toiŋjɔlɛ namɔ he gbeyei lɛ naa; ni akɛwo majimaji ateŋ naanyobɔɔ wekukpaa he hewalɛ; ni akɛbu gbɔmɛi fɛɛ ashishijee hegbɛi ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ he ni hiɛaŋkwɛmɔ ni damɔ hewolonɔ su, nuu loo yoo ni mɔ ji, wiemɔ, loo jamɔ nɔ, bɛ mli; koni ana majimaji ateŋ ekomefeemɔ ni akɛtsu shika gbɛfaŋ, kɛ adesai ashihilɛ, kɛ kusumii amli naagbai ahe nii.
Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ kɛ afii 50 sɔŋŋ ebɔ mɔdɛŋ ni sa kadimɔ waa akɛ ekɛ jeŋ toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe shihilɛ aaaba. Abaanyɛ akɛɛ kɛ nɔmimaa akɛ, ekolɛ etsĩ jeŋ ta ni ji etɛ naa, ni adesai awala ni aaakpata hiɛ babaoo shikome kɛtsɔ nuklea okpɛlɛmii kɛ nitsumɔ nɔ lɛ eko bako dɔŋŋ. Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ eha gbekɛbii akpekpei abɔ niyenii kɛ tsofai. Eye ebua ni gbɔmɔtsoŋ hewalɛnamɔ etee hiɛ yɛ maji babaoo mli, ni eha ana nu kpakpa ni anuɔ kɛ tsofai ni akɛgbuɔ mɛi koni helai ni he yɔɔ oshara akamɔmɔ amɛ, kɛfata nibii krokomɛi ni ekɛha amɛ lɛ ahe. Eha abobalɔi akpekpei abɔ anine eshɛ yelikɛbuamɔ nibii hu nɔ.
Yɛ nibii ni enyɛ etsu lɛ ahewɔ lɛ, aha Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ Nobel Toiŋjɔlɛ Jweremɔ Nii lɛ shii enumɔ sɔŋŋ. Kɛlɛ, mɔbɔ shihilɛ diɛŋtsɛ ni yɔɔ ji akɛ, aawuu ta yɛ jeŋ ni wɔyɔɔ mli nɛɛ mli lolo.
Toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ Shweshweeshwe Shihilɛ—Otii ni Ashɛko He
Yɛ afii 50 mɔdɛŋbɔɔ sɛɛ lɛ, ashɛko otii ni ji toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe shihilɛ he lolo. United States maŋ nɔyelɔ lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni enijiaŋ eje wui eha yɛ wiemɔ ko ni ekɛ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ Majimaji Anajiaŋdamɔlɔi lɛ wie lɛ mli akɛ “afii oha nɛɛ ni eyi obɔ kɛ hiɛnɔkamɔ kɛ hegbɛ kɛ nibii ni anyɛ atsu lɛ, ebafee yinɔ ni hiɛkpatamɔ kɛ nijiaŋwujee babaoo yɔɔ mli.”
Beni 1994 baa naagbee lɛ, The New York Times lɛ wie akɛ: “Tai diɛŋtsɛ ni aawuu loo nɔmɔi bibii aaashɛ 150 miiya nɔ, ni gbɔmɛi akpei abɔ miigboi yɛ mli—maŋbii foji babaoo miigboi fe asraafoi yɛ akɔntaabui babaoo mli—ni mɛi akpei ohai abɔ miitsɔmɔ abobalɔi.” Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ Maŋ Adafitswaa Nitsumɔ He (United Nations Department of Public Information) lɛ bɔ amaniɛ akɛ kɛjɛ 1945 kɛbaa nɛɛ, gbɔmɛi fe akpekpei 20 elaaje amɛwala yɛ tai ni awuu lɛ amli. U.S. maŋ najiaŋdamɔlɔ yɛ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ mli, Madeleine Albright, wie akɛ “amrɔ nɛɛ tai ni awuɔ yɛ kpokpai anɔ lɛ miigbe mɛi waa fe tsutsu ko.” Adesai ahegbɛi amlikuu kɛ hiɛaŋkwɛmɔ jeɔ kpo yɛ adafitswaa mli daa gbi. Jeŋmaji babaoo teɔ shi woɔ amɛhe moŋ fe ni amɛkɛ amɛhe aaabɔ naanyo.
Sir David Hannay, Britania maŋ najiaŋdamɔlɔ yɛ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ mli lɛ kpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ “kɛbashi 1980 afii lɛ amli lɛ, Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ ebɛŋkɛ nɔ ni miihe atsɔ kuu ni abuɔ waa ni nine enyɛ shi kwraa he.” Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔ-nukpa, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, kɛ dɔlɛ babaoo wie akɛ anaa shikpilikpii feemɔ kɛ tɔlɛ yɛ Maji ni yɔɔ mli lɛ ahe, yɛ nibii ni kɔɔ toiŋjɔlɛ yibaamɔ nifeemɔi ahe lɛ agbɛfaŋ. Emu sane naa akɛ kɛha emli bii babaoo lɛ, “Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ jeee klɛŋklɛŋ nii ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ.”
Hewalɛ ni Adafitswaa Woji Ena yɛ Enɔ
Bɔ fɛɛ bɔ ni anaa Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ ahaa akɛ ehe wa lɛ, bei pii lɛ maŋkwramɔ saji kɛ adafitswaa woji fiteɔ emɔdɛŋbɔɔ lɛ. Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ bɛ hewalɛ ko kwraa kɛji enaaa emli bii lɛ asɛɛfimɔ. Shi kɛ maŋbii ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ lɛ, Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ mli bii lɛ babaoo fiŋ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ sɛɛ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, taakɛ The Wall Street Journal lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, “bɔ ni anaa faŋŋ akɛ enine enyɛ shi yɛ Somalia kɛ Bosnia lɛ etsɔ Amerikabii pii ayiŋ akɛ jeee shika pɛ kɛkɛ afiteɔ yɛ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ mli, shi moŋ ehe yɛ oshara diɛŋtsɛ hu.” Nɛkɛ maŋbii asu nɛɛ hu ena Amerika maŋkwralɔi komɛi anɔ hewalɛ aahu akɛ amɛmiiwo ŋaa akɛ atse shika ni U.S. kɛfiɔ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ nɔ.
Adafitswaa gbɛjianɔtoi shashaooo shi kwraa kɛ eba lɛ akɛ amɛmiiwie waa amɛmiishi Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ. Akɛ wiemɔi tamɔ “ebɔɔɔ mɔdɛŋ kwraa,” “etamɔ jatsu,” “etsuuu nii jogbaŋŋ,” kɛ “efite kwraa” etsu nii yɛ faŋŋ mli yɛ be mli ni awieɔ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ nitsumɔi sɔrɔtoi ahe. The Washington Post National Weekly Edition wie nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ akɛ “Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ kã he eji nitsumɔ gbɛjianɔtoo ni yɔɔ shɔ̃ɔ, ni miipele ni etsake ehe ewo jeŋ ni miiya hiɛ oyayaayai shihilɛ mli.”
Adafitswaa wolo kroko hu tsɛ́ Hiɛnyiɛlɔ-Nukpa Boutros Boutros-Ghali wiemɔ ko sɛɛ akɛ etsɔɔ bɔ ni enijiaŋ eje wui kwraa yɛ Rwanda gbɔmɔgbee lɛ hewɔ. Ewie akɛ: “Eji nineshinyɛɛ, jeee kɛha Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ pɛ; eji nineshinyɛɛ kɛha jeŋmaji fɛɛ. Ni wɔ fɛɛ wɔfata he ni wɔha nɛkɛ nine ni enyɛ shi nɛɛ ba.” Tɛlivishin nɔ adafitswaa krɛdɛɛ ko ni he gbɛi waa yɛ 1993 mli lɛ wie akɛ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ “nyɛɛɛ atsĩ nɔ ni woɔ toiŋjɔlɛ namɔ he gbeyei fe fɛɛ—ni ji nuklea tawuu nii agbɛɛ-kɛ-shwamɔ naa.” TV nɔ nifeemɔ nɛɛ wie Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ he akɛ “afii nyɔŋmai abɔ eho ni wiemɔ folo kɛkɛ enyɛɔ ewieɔ.”
Nɛkɛ nijiaŋwujee henumɔ ni egbɛ eshwa he fɛɛ he nɛɛ miigba Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ onukpai lɛ ajwɛŋmɔ naa waa, ni no hu haa amɛ nijiaŋwujee lɛ woɔ wu. Ni kɛlɛ, yɛ nijiaŋwujeei lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, beni Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ na afii 50 pɛpɛɛpɛ lɛ, efee tamɔ nɔ ni mɛi pii esaa amɛná gbɛkpamɔ kpakpa ekoŋŋ, ni amɛhiɛ kã nɔ akɛ abaaje nibii ashishi ehee. Eyɛ mli akɛ ekpɛlɛɔ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ gbɔjɔmɔi anɔ moŋ, shi Maŋ Najiaŋdamɔlɔ Albright jie mɛi pii ahenumɔi akpo beni ewie akɛ: “Esa akɛ wɔkpa nibii ni wɔfee kɛho momo lɛ ahe wiemɔ, ni wɔwie nibii ni baaba wɔsɛɛ lɛ ahe.”
Hɛɛ, nɛgbɛ je lɛ yaa? Ani jeŋ ko baaba gbi ko ni awuuu ta yɛ mli? Kɛ nakai lɛ, mɛɛ nitsumɔ Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ baatsu yɛ mli? Agbɛnɛ hu, kɛ osheɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyei lɛ, no lɛ esa akɛ obi akɛ, ‘Mɛɛ gbɛfaŋnɔ Nyɔŋmɔ baana yɛ mli?’
[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 4]
MƆDƐŊBƆI NI EFEE EFOLO
Toiŋjɔlɛ kɛ shweshweeshwe shihilɛ nyɛŋ ahi shi bei abɔ ni ta, ohia, awuiyeli, kɛ juu-kɛ-fɔ̃ yɔɔ lɛ. Nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ, Jeŋmaji Ekomefeemɔ lɛ kɛ akɔntaabui nɛɛ ha.
Tai: “Yɛ tai 82 ni awuu kɛjɛ 1989 kɛbashi 1992 lɛ mli lɛ, emli 79 ji maji komekomei amli bii ateŋ tai, ni awuu emli babaoo yɛ akutsei ateŋ béi ahewɔ; mɛi ni gboi yɛ mli lɛ amlijaa oha mli 90 ji maŋbii foji.”—United Nations Department of Public Information (UNDPI)
Tawuu Nii: “ICRC [International Committee of the Red Cross] nitsumɔ he lɛ buɔ akɔntaa akɛ nitsumɔ hei fe 95 yɛ maji 48 mli feɔ okpɛlɛmii bibii ní afũɔ yɛ shikpɔŋ, ní fɛlɛɔ kɛtswiaa asraafoi lɛ aaashɛ akpekpei 5 kɛmiimɔ 10 daa afi.”—United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
“Yɛ Afrika lɛ, afũ nɛkɛ okpɛlɛmii bibii nɛɛ aaashɛ akpekpei 30 kɛshwã maji 18 mli.”—UNHCR
Ohia: “Yɛ je lɛŋ fɛɛ lɛ, mɛi enumɔ fɛɛ enumɔ mli mɔ kome—mɛi ni fa fe akpekpei akpe kome —yɛ ohia shihilɛ diɛŋtsɛ mli, ni abuɔ akɔntaa akɛ mɛi aaashɛ akpekpei 13 kɛmiishɛ mɛi akpekpei 18 gboiɔ daa afi yɛ nibii ni jɛ ohiayeli hewɔ.”—UNDPI
Awuiyeli: “Awuiyeli ni abɔɔ he amaniɛ lɛ etee hiɛ yɛ jeŋ fɛɛ aaashɛ oha mlijaa 5 daa afi kɛjɛ 1980 afii lɛ amli kɛbaa; yɛ USA pɛ lɛ, ayeɔ awui komekomei akpekpei 35 daa afi.”—UNDPI
Juu-kɛ-fɔ̃: “Juu-kɛ-fɔ̃ ni yaa nɔ yɛ maŋ lɛ ebatsɔ nɔ ni aafee yɛ he fɛɛ he. Yɛ maji komɛi amli lɛ, abuɔ akɔntaa akɛ shika nitsumɔi amli juu baanyɛ ashɛ shika ni maŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ naa yɛ afi mli lɛ mlijaa oha mli 10.”—UNDPI